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PAMAM dendrimer-enhanced removal of cobalt ions based on multiple-response optimization using response surface methodology

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JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018年第8期15卷 1685-1698页

作者： Erturk, Ali Serol Adiyaman Univ Dept Analyt Chem Fac Pharm TR-02040 Adiyaman Turkey

This study introduces poly(amidoamine) PAMAM dendrimers as new macromolecular complexation agents for Co(II) removal in polymer-assisted ultrafiltration (PAUF). A five-level three-factor design of experiments (DOE), central composite design type, and response surface methodology (RSM) were used together to find out the interaction effects and optimize three variables, i.e., initial Co(II) concentration ([Co2+](0)), PAMAM dendrimer-to-Co(II) ratio (r), and pH of solution. multiple-response simultaneous optimization was conducted by using desirability function. The goal of 73.6% overall desirability was attained for the removal efficiency (R) and metal retention capacity (q). The predicted results obtained for the simultaneous optimization are R = 76.78% and q = 392.09 mg/g. The optimum conditions derived via RSM were found to be as follows: [Co2+](0) = 4.14 mg/L, r = 2, and pH = 9.0. Verification experiments (R = 75.73% and q = 387.32 mg/g) confirmed the validity of the predicted model. The DOE-RSM-utilized and desirability function-optimized PAMAM dendrimer-enhanced ultrafiltration (PAMAM-DEUF) process was used for the first time in this study. The results are comparable to those provided by the reference PAUF technique. [GRAPHICS] .

关键词： Polymer-assisted ultrafiltration PAMAM dendrimer Heavy metal removal Cobalt Desirability function multiple-response optimization

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LBM simulation of fluid flow in a viscous micropump with non-circular rotors and RSM approach for multiple response optimization

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW 2018年 71卷 392-405页

作者： Khozeymeh-Nezhad, Hojjat Niazmand, Hamid Ferdowst Univ Mashhad Fac Engn Mech Engn Dept Mashhad Iran

A numerical simulation is performed to analyze the performance of viscous micropumps with elliptic and rectangular rotors with variable aspect ratios by lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The influences of three effective geometrical parameters of viscous micropump namely rotor aspect ratio (AR), microchannel height (S) and rotor eccentricity (epsilon) in the ranges of 0.2-1, 1.5-3.5 and 0.1-0.9, respectively, are investigated on the cross sectional instantaneous dimensionless averaged velocity ((U) over bar) and the instantaneous area averaged total entropy generation ((S) over bar (F)) as well as their time-averaged values (U-ave and S-F, (ave)). A five-level central composite design (CCD), which is one of the most important response surface method (RSM) schemes, is adopted for the analysis of main and interaction effects as well as the optimization of these parameters. Results show that the U-ave increases with the increase of AR and epsilon in all aspect ratios while decreases as S increases at high aspect ratios for both rotors. However, this trend is reversed at low aspect ratios. Furthermore, results indicate that S-F, (ave) increases with the increase of all three geometrical parameters for both rotors. Finally, a numerical optimization is employed to simultaneously optimize both responses of U-ave and S-F, (ave) for elliptic and rectangular rotors. Overall desirability values of 0.701 and 0.758 are obtained for elliptic and rectangular rotors, respectively. For elliptic rotor, the obtained optimal values of geometrical parameters are 0.884, 1.5 and 0.744, respectively, for aspect ratio, microchannel height, and eccentricity, while the respective values for rectangular rotor are 1, 1.5 and 0.694.

关键词： Viscous micropump Non-circular rotors LBM simulation RSM approach multiple-response optimization

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optimization of Simultaneous Nutrients and Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal from Anaerobically Digested Liquid Dairy Manure in a Two-Step Fed Sequencing Batch Reactor System Using Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis

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APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024年第1期196卷 537-557页

作者： Asghar, Sehrish Chen, Lide He, B. Brian Univ Idaho Environm Sci Program Coll Nat Resources Moscow ID 83843 USA Univ Idaho Dept Soil & Water Syst Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr 315 Falls AvePOB 1827 Twin Falls ID 83303 USA Univ Idaho Dept Chem & Biol Engn Coll Engn 875 Perimeter Dr MS 0904 Moscow ID 83844 USA

The technological development for efficient nutrient removal from liquid dairy manure is critical to a sustainable dairy industry. A nutrient removal process using a two-step fed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system was developed in this study to achieve the applicability of simultaneous removal of phosphorus, nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure (ADLDM). Three operating parameters, namely anaerobic time:aerobic time (min), anaerobic DO:aerobic DO (mg L-1), and hydraulic retention time (days), were systematically investigated and optimized using the Taguchi method and grey relational analysis for maximum removal efficiencies of total phosphorus (TP), ortho-phosphate (OP), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) simultaneously. The results demonstrated that the optimal mean removal efficiencies of 91.21%, 92.63%, 91.82%, 88.61%, and 90.21% were achieved for TP, OP, NH3-N, TN, and COD at operating conditions, i.e., anaerobic:aerobic time of 90:90 min, anaerobic DO:aerobic DO of 0.4:2.4 mg L-1, and HRT of 3 days. Based on analysis of variance, the percentage contributions of these operating parameters towards the mean removal efficiencies of TP and COD were ranked in the order of anaerobic DO:aerobic DO > HRT > anaerobic time:aerobic time, while HRT was the most influential parameter for the mean removal efficiencies of OP, NH3-N, and TN followed by anaerobic time:aerobic time and anaerobic DO:aerobic DO. The optimal conditions obtained in this study are beneficial to the development of pilot and full-scale systems for simultaneous biological removal of phosphorus, nitrogen, and COD from ADLDM.

关键词： Sequencing batch reactor Dairy manure Taguchi method Grey relational analysis multiple-response optimization

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CFD analysis and RSM-based design optimization of novel grooved micromixers with obstructions

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 2019年 140卷 483-497页

作者： Rahmannezhad, Javad Mirbozorgi, Seyed Ali Univ Birjand Dept Mech Engn Birjand Iran

Computational fluids dynamics (CFD) and response surface methodology (RSM) are used to optimize grooved micromixers with obstructions. The starting geometry is inspired by the work of Wang and co-workers (Wang et al., 2012) which consists of a Y-type micromixer with cylindrical grooves adjoining to the main straight channel. Obstructions are added to the grooved micromixers. To observe influences of obstruction shape, simulations are carried out for three types of geometric shapes: circular, square and diamond. The effects of obstruction dimension (OD) and offset (OF) in the range of 60-120 mu m and 0-30 mu m, respectively, are investigated on the percentage of mixing (phi), pressure drop (Delta p) and mixing energy cost (mec). The numerical experiments are designed based on a five-level CCD to develop statistical models for the optimization procedure. Results show that phi monotonically increases with the increase of OD in all values of OF for all obstruction shapes. Same trend is observed with increase in the offset. Moreover, results reveale that Delta p and mec increase with the increase of OD at almost all offset values for all shapes of obstructions. Conversely, the pressure drop and the mixing energy cost reduce as OF increases. Finally, phi, Delta p and mec are considered as the objective functions to numerically optimize the performance of grooved micromixers with obstructions. Overall desirability values of 0.796, 0.834 and 0.760 are found for micromixers with circular, diamond-shaped and square obstructions, respectively. For circular obstructions, the obtained optimal value of dimension is 110.75 mu m, while the respective value for the diamond-shaped obstructions is 116.98 mu m and for the square obstructions is 116.88. In addition, the constant value of 30 mu m is predicted for the optimum offset for all obstructed micromixers. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Grooved micromixer Obstruction shape CFD RSM multiple-response optimization

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Electro-chemical mineralization of recalcitrant indole by platinum-coated titanium electrode: multi-response optimization, mechanistic and sludge disposal study

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018年第2期15卷 349-360页

作者： Hiwarkar, A. D. Singh, S. Srivastava, V. C. Thakur, C. Mall, I. D. Lo, S. -L. Indian Inst Technol Dept Chem Engn Roorkee 247667 Uttarakhand India Bundelkhand Inst Engn & Technol Dept Chem Engn Jhansi 284128 Uttar Pradesh India Natl Taiwan Univ Grad Inst Environm Engn 71Chou Shan Rd Taipei 106 Taiwan Natl Inst Technol Dept Chem Engn Raipur 492010 Chhattisgarh India Univ Petr & Energy Studies Dept Chem Engn Dehra Dun 248007 Uttarakhand India

Indole is a highly recalcitrant aromatic heterocyclic organic compound consisting of a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring fused to a six-membered benzene ring. This study presents the results of the electro-chemical mineralization of indole in an aqueous solution using platinum-coated titanium (Pt/Ti) electrode. A central composite design was used to investigate the effect of four parameters namely initial pH (pH(o)), current density (j), conductivity (k) and treatment time (t) at 5 levels. multiple responses namely chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (Y-1) and specific energy consumption (Y-2) were simultaneously maximized and minimized, respectively, by optimizing the parameters affecting the mineralization of indole by using the desirability function approach. At the operating conditions of pH 8.6, j = 161 A/m(2), k = 6.7 mS/cm and t = 150 min, 83.8% COD removal with specific energy consumption of 36.3 kWh/kg of COD removed was observed. Ultra performance liquid chromatography, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry of the indole solution were performed at the optimum condition of the treatment so as to report a plausible mechanism of indole degradation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis of electrodes before and after treatment was performed for determining the changes on anode surface during the treatment. Thermal analysis of the solid residue (scum) obtained was also performed for exploring its disposal prospects. Present study shows that electro-chemical oxidation can be used for mineralization of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds such as indole.

关键词： Electro-chemical treatment COD removal Specific energy consumption multiple-response optimization

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Mineralization of pyrrole, a recalcitrant heterocyclic compound, by electrochemical method: Multi-response optimization and degradation mechanism

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017年第Part1期198卷 144-152页

作者： Hiwarkar, Ajay Devidas Singh, Seema Srivastava, Vimal Chandra Mall, Indra Deo Indian Inst Technol Dept Chem Engn Roorkee 247667 Uttarakhand India Bundelkhand Inst Engn & Technol Dept Chem Engn Jhansi 284128 Uttar Pradesh India

has been reported using platinum coated titanium (Pt/Ti) electrodes. response surface methodology (RSM) comprising of full factorial central composite design (CCD) with four factors and five levels has been used to examine the effects of different operating parameters such as current density a), aqueous solution pH, conductivity (It) and treatment time (t) in an EC batch reactor. Pyrrole mineralization in aqueous solution was examined with multiple responses such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) (response, Y-1) and specific energy consumption (SEC) in kWh/kg of COD removed (response, Y-2). During multiple response optimization, the desirability function approach was employed to concurrently maximize Y1 and minimize Y2. At the optimum condition, 82.9% COD removal and 7.7 kWh/kg of COD removed were observed. Degradation mechanism of pyrrole in wastewater was elucidated at the optimum condition of treatment by using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), ion chromatography (IC), higher performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC -MS). The degradation pathway of pyrrole was proposed on the basis of the various analysis. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrochemical oxidation multiple-response optimization COD removal Specific energy consumption (SEC) Degradation mechanism

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optimization of weighted correlated multiple responses using a probabilistic index

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SCIENTIA IRANICA 2016年第3期23卷 1418-1428页

作者： Bashiri, M. Bakhtiarifar, M. H. Shahed Univ Dept Ind Engn Fac Engn Tehran Iran

Dealing with more than one response in the process optimization has been a great issue in recent years;therefore, multiple-response optimization studies have grown in the published works. In the common problems, there are some input variables which can affect output responses, but optimization can be more complex and more real when the responses have correlation with each other. In such problems, the analyst should consider the correlation structure in addition to the effects of input variables. In some cases, response variables may emerge by different distributions from the normal ones, which can be analyzed by the proposed method. Moreover, in some problems, response variables may have different levels of importance for the decision maker. In this study, we try to propose an efficient method to find the best treatment in an experimental design, which has different weights for correlated responses, either cardinal or ordinal. Also, a heuristic method is proposed to deal with problems that have a considerable number of correlated responses, or treatments. The results of some numerical examples con firm the validity of the proposed method. Moreover, a real case of air pollution in Tehran is studied to show the applicability of the proposed method in the real problems. (C) 2016 Sharif University of Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cardinal weight Ordinal weight multiple-response optimization Correlation Transformation

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optimization of Sample Preparation in the Determination of Minerals and Trace Elements in Honey by ICP-MS

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FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS 2014年第5期7卷 1009-1015页

作者： Leme, Ana B. P. Bianchi, Silmara R. Carneiro, Renato L. Nogueira, Ana R. A. Univ Fed Sao Carlos Grp Appl Instrumental Anal Dept Chem BR-13560 Sao Carlos SP Brazil Embrapa Southeast Livestock BR-13560970 Sao Carlos SP Brazil Univ Fed Sao Carlos Dept Chem BR-13560 Sao Carlos SP Brazil

In this paper, analytical procedures are proposed for determination of inorganic constituents in honey samples from different regions of Brazil. Inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry detection (ICP-MS) was used to determine the analytes, using two different sample preparation methods: acid mineralization in block digester and microwave-assisted acid digestion. The methods were optimized in order to minimize the final acidity and the residual carbon content after the sample preparation. It was observed that mineralization using microwave radiation with 2 mol L-1 HNO3 was the most suitable method for determination of minerals and trace elements by ICP-MS. Besides, Se, Mg, Ca, Al, P, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ba, and Pb were determined in 60 honey samples by ICP-MS. The appropriate instrumental conditions were also evaluated for this determination, as the need of the use of collision-reaction interface and internal standards. The accuracies were evaluated using two certified reference materials, and the recoveries ranged from 82 to 115 %. The results showed no evidence of contamination in the honey samples analyzed.

关键词： Honey Sample preparation methods multiple-response optimization Trace elements ICP-MS

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Investigation of machining parameters for the multiple-response optimization of micro electrodischarge milling

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2009年第3-4期43卷 264-275页

作者： Mehfuz, Reyad Ali, Mohammad Yeakub Int Islamic Univ Malaysia Dept Mfg & Mat Engn Fac Engn Kuala Lumpur 50728 Malaysia

This paper investigated the influence of three micro electrodischarge milling process parameters, which were feed rate, capacitance, and voltage. The response variables were average surface roughness (R (a) ), maximum peak-to-valley roughness height (R (y) ), tool wear ratio (TWR), and material removal rate (MRR). Statistical models of these output responses were developed using three-level full factorial design of experiment. The developed models were used for multiple-response optimization by desirability function approach to obtain minimum R (a) , R (y) , TWR, and maximum MRR. Maximum desirability was found to be 88%. The optimized values of R (a) , R (y) , TWR, and MRR were 0.04, 0.34 mu m, 0.044, and 0.08 mg min(-1), respectively for 4.79 mu m s(-1) feed rate, 0.1 nF capacitance, and 80 V voltage. Optimized machining parameters were used in verification experiments, where the responses were found very close to the predicted values.

关键词： Micro ED milling multiple-response optimization Surface roughness Tool wear ratio Material removal rate

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Two-stage stochastic programming based on the desirability function to optimize the performance of an internal-combustion engine

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING 2014年第1期228卷 104-114页

作者： Hejazi, Taha Hossein Seyyed-Esfahani, Mirmehdi Badri, Hossein Amirkabir Univ Technol Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst Tehran Iran

The performance of an engine is one of the major concerns in the automotive industry. Increased emission restrictions on motor vehicles have led to the necessity of more accurate control on the engine performance. The objective of this study is to optimize the injection and ignition system in an automobile internal-combustion engine. In this paper the engine torque, the fuel consumption and the hydrocarbon emissions are considered as the main performance metrics of the engine, and a mathematical model is proposed on the basis of response surface methodology and two-stage stochastic programming. The proposed model encompasses desirability functions with a maximum-minimum operator to convert several responses into a single response and also considers the probabilistic pattern of regression coefficients by some random scenarios. To illustrate application of the proposed approach, it was applied in a real case in an automotive company. The results of this test represent a reasonable performance of the proposed approach.

关键词： Engine performance optimization emission reduction multiple-response optimization desirability function stochastic programming

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