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Reliability-Aware Service Chaining In Carrier-Grade Softwarized networks

IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2018年第3期36卷 558-573页

作者： Qu, Long Khabbaz, Maurice Assi, Chadi Ningbo Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ningbo 315211 Zhejiang Peoples R China Notre Dame Univ Louaizeh Dept Elect Comp & Communm Engn Zouk Mosbeh Lebanon Concordia Univ CIISE Dept Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada

network Function virtualization (NFV) has revolutionized service provisioning in cloud datacenter networks. It enables the complete decoupling of network functions (NFs) from the physical hardware middle boxes that network operators deploy for implementing service-specific and strictly ordered NF chains. Precisely, NFV allows for dispatching NFs as instances of plain software called virtual network functions (VNFs) running on virtual machines hosted by one or more industry standard physical machines. Nevertheless, NF softwarization introduces processing vulnerability (e.g., failures caused by hardware or software, and so on). Since any failure of VNFs could break down an entire service chain, thus interrupting the service, the functionality of an NFV-enabled network will require a higher reliability compared with traditional networks. This paper encloses an in-depth investigation of a reliability-aware joint VNF chain placement and flow routing optimization. In order to guarantee the required reliability, an incremental approach is proposed to determine the number of required VNF backups. Through illustration, it is shown herein that the formulated single path routing model can be easily extended to support resource sharing between adjacent backup VNF instances. This paper advocates the absolute existence of a share-resource-based VNF assignment strategy that is capable of trading off all of the reliability, bandwidth, and computing resources consumption of a given service chain. A heuristic is proposed to work around the complexity of the presently formulated integer linear programming (ILP). Thorough numerical analysis and simulations are conducted in order to verify and assert the validity, correctness, and effectiveness of this proposed heuristic reflecting its ability to achieve very close results to those obtained through the resolution of the complex ILP within a negligible amount of time. Above and beyond, the proposed resource-sharing-based VNF placement sc

关键词： network functions virtualization reliability cloud datacenter optimization routing VNF NFV

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Optimal orchestration of virtual network functions

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COMPUTER networkS 2018年第Sep.4期142卷 108-127页

作者： Gao, Meihui Addis, Bernardetta Bouet, Mathieu Secci, Stefano Univ Lorraine CNRS LORIA F-54000 Nancy France Thales Commun & Secur Gennevilliers France Sorbonne Univ CNRS LIP6 F-75005 Paris France

The emergence of network functions virtualization (NFV) is bringing a set of novel algorithmic challenges in the operation of communication networks. NFV introduces volatility in the management of network functions, which can be dynamically orchestrated, i.e., placed, resized, etc. Virtual network functions (VNFs) can belong to VNF chains, where nodes in a chain can serve multiple demands coming from the network edges. In this paper, we formally define the VNF placement and routing (VNF-PR) problem, proposing a versatile linear programming formulation that is able to accommodate specific features and constraints of NFV infrastructures, and that is substantially different from existing virtual network embedding formulations in the state of the art. We also design a math-heuristic able to scale with multiple objectives and large instances. By extensive simulations, we draw conclusions on the trade-off achievable between classical traffic engineering (TE) and NFV infrastructure efficiency goals, evaluating both Internet access and Virtual Private network (VPN) demands. We do also quantitatively compare the performance of our VNF-PR heuristic with the classical Virtual network Embedding (VNE) approach proposed for NFV orchestration, showing the computational differences, and how our approach can provide a more stable and closer-to-optimum solution. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： network functions virtualization VNF orchestration VNF chaining VNF placement

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Refactoring network functions Modules to Reduce Latencies and Improve Fault Tolerance in NFV

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IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS 2018年第10期36卷 2275-2287页

作者： Raza, Muhammad Taqi Lu, Songwu Gerla, Mario Li, Xi Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Comp Sci Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Software Engn Hefei 230000 Anhui Peoples R China

network functions virtualization (NFV) allows service providers to deliver new services to their customers more quickly by adopting software-centric network functions implementation over commercial, off-the-shelf hardwares. This NFV-based software-centric approach cannot use dedicated mechanisms implemented over custom built boxes to reduce latencies and tolerate faults. We present a case study of IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), which is the most complex NFV instance, requires extremely low end-to-end latency (40 msec), and demands system availability as high as five nines. Through an empirical study, we discover that highly modular IMS network functions implementation over virtualized platform: 1) incurs latencies and 2) does not tolerate faults. NFV-based IMS modules incur high latencies by creating a feedback loop among each other while executing delay sensitive data-plane traffic. These IMS modules are also susceptible to failure, causing the control-plane to terminate the application session while keeping the data-plane to forward data packets. To address these issues, we propose to refactor network function modules. We reduce latencies by pipelining the IMS modules, and recover failed modules by reconfiguring their neighboring modules. We build our system prototype of open source IMS over OpenStack platform. Our results show that our scheme reduces latencies and failure recovery time up to 12x and 10x, respectively, when compared with the state-of-the-art virtualized IMS implementation.

关键词： network functions virtualization LTE IP multimedia subsystem fault tolerance software defined networking

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Monitoring and identifying bottlenecks in virtual network functions service chains

Monitoring and identifying bottlenecks in virtual network fu...

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作者： Pfitscher, Ricardo José

network functions perform an important role in the communication between clients and endservices in computer networks. These functions, traditionally provided by hardware-based appliances, are employed to achieve various objectives, such as security, addressing, routing, and load balancing. The virtualization trend that drove cloud computing has also been applied to network functions, resulting in the network functions virtualization (NFV) concept. NFV implements hardware-based network functions (a.k.a middleboxes) as Virtual network functions (VNFs); with this paradigm shift, network providers benefit from: capital and operational expenditure reduction, acceleration of the time-to-market of novel solutions, and resource scaling. One of the main features of NFV is that VNFs can be chained and provisioned on demand, bringing elasticity and dynamicity to the network. An implication of the interdependency between VNFs is that resulting service chains may not work as expected, and because of that, it is crucial to determine which VNFs are having a negative impact on the service quality. Usually, network operators detect bottlenecks and quantify performance degradations by monitoring both virtual and physical resources, and through analytical modeling of the various components involved in network communication. However, NFV imposes additional characteristics that hinder the adoption of these approaches: the heterogeneity of environments with all sorts of VNF purposes (e.g., provide security, address translation, and performance optimization), and the unusual functioning of specific VNFs that rely on non-blocking I/O implementations In this thesis, a model to quantify the guiltiness of a VNF on being a bottleneck in a service chain is proposed. This model consists of a novel application of the Utilization Law from queuing networks theory, combined through a weighted sum of relevant metrics. These metrics were found in the literature, refined through numeric assessments on

关键词： Redes : Computadores network functions virtualization Bottlenecks identification Redes virtuais Seguranca : Redes : Computadores Performance analysis Tese

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Cost and Availability Aware Resource Allocation and Virtual Function Placement for CDNaaS Provision

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON network AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT 2018年第4期15卷 1334-1348页

作者： Yala, Louiza Frangoudis, Pantelis A. Lucarelli, Giorgio Ksentini, Adlen Univ Rennes 1 IRISA F-35042 Rennes France EURECOM Commun Syst Dept F-06904 Sophia Antipolis France Univ Grenoble Alpes CNRS INRIA LIG F-38000 Grenoble France Univ Lorraine LCOMS F-57000 Metz France

We address the fundamental tradeoff between deployment cost and service availability in the context of on-demand content delivery service provision over a telecom operator's network functions virtualization infrastructure. In particular, given a specific set of preferences and constraints with respect to deployment cost, availability and computing resource capacity, we provide polynomial-time heuristics for the problem of jointly deriving an appropriate assignment of computing resources to a set of virtual instances and the placement of the latter in a subset of the available physical hosts. We capture the conflicting criteria of service availability and deployment cost by proposing a multi-objective optimization problem formulation. Our algorithms are experimentally shown to outperform state-of-the-art solutions in terms of both execution time and optimality, while providing the system operator with the necessary flexibility to balance between conflicting objectives and reflect the relevant preferences of the customer in the produced solutions.

关键词： Content delivery networks cloud computing network functions virtualization resource allocation service availability VNF placement

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Evaluation of Virtual Customer Premises Equipment Prototype System with Open Source Software 7

Evaluation of Virtual Customer Premises Equipment Prototype ...

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IEEE 7th International Conference on Cloud networking (CloudNet)

作者： Kimura, Akihiro Kawano, Shinya Tsuchiya, Hideo Homma, Shunsuke Okada, Akihiro NTT Network Serv Syst Labs Tokyo 1808585 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538668313

Software defined networking and network functions virtualization enable network services to be provided more quickly and flexibly, and some network services are beginning to use these technologies. To create a new service with such technologies, this study treat virtual customer premises equipment (vCPE) that provides CPE functions as software on general-purpose servers. In this paper, a vCPE system is developed by using open source software (OSS) to reduce costs and provide flexibility for system deployment. Through this development, the issues with OSS-based systems are clarified and are considered how to cope with them. This paper also evaluated the practicality of OSS and performance of our OSS-based vCPE prototype system.

关键词： Open Source Software Virtual CPE network functions virtualization

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Virtualized network services extension algorithms 17

Virtualized network services extension algorithms

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17th IEEE International Symposium on network Computing and Applications (NCA)

作者： Houidi, Omar Soualah, Oussama Louati, Wajdi Zeghlache, Djamal Kamoun, Farouk Univ Paris Saclay Telecom SudParis Samovar UMR 5157CNRS Paris France Univ Sfax ReDCAD Lab Sfax Tunisia Univ Manouba Natl Sch Comp Sci CRISTAL Lab Manouba Tunisia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538676592

This work presents algorithms to extend tenant Virtualized network functions Forwarding Graphs (VNF-FG) to embed new networking functions and introduce gradually additional services into the already deployed tenant dedicated slices. The related service graph extension problem is addressed through an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) algorithm that serves as a reference for performance comparisons with a proposed heuristic algorithm. An eigendecomposition approach is proposed, evaluated and compared.

关键词： network functions virtualization VNF Forwarding Graph Extension Integer Linear Programming Eigendecomposition

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Optimized Service Chain Mapping and reduced flow processing with Application-Awareness 4

Optimized Service Chain Mapping and reduced flow processing ...

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IEEE Conference on network Softwarization (NetSoft)

作者： Nadig, Deepak Ramamurthy, Byrav Bockelman, Brian Swanson, David Univ Nebraska Dept Comp Sci & Engn Lincoln NE 68588 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538646335

network Function virtualization (NFV) brings a new set of challenges when deploying virtualized services on commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware. network functions can be dynamically managed to provide the necessary services on-demand and further, services can be chained together to form a larger composite. In this paper, we address an important technical problem of mapping service function chains (SFCs) across different data centers with the objective of reducing the flow processing costs. We develop an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation to optimally map service function chains to multiple data centers while adhering to the data center's capacity constraints. We propose a novel application-aware flow reduction (AAFR) algorithm to simplify the SFC-ILP to significantly reduce the number of flows processed by the SFCs. We perform a thorough study of the SFC mapping problem for multiple data centers and evaluate the performance of our proposed approach with respect to three parameters: i) impact of number of SFCs and SFC length on flow processing cost, ii) capacitated/uncapacitated flow processing cost gains, and iii) balancing flow-to-SFC mappings across data centers. Our evaluations show that our proposed AAFR algorithm reduces flow-processing costs by 70% for the capacitated-SFC mapping case over the SFC-ILP. In addition, our 'incapacitated AAFR (AAFR-U) algorithm provides a further 4.1% cost-gain over its capacitated counterpart (AAFR-C).

关键词： Software Defined networks network functions virtualization Service Chaining Application-awareness

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IOVTee: A Fast and Pragmatic Software-based Zero-copy/Pass-through Mechanism for NFV-nodes

IOVTee: A Fast and Pragmatic Software-based Zero-copy/Pass-t...

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IEEE Conference on network Function virtualization (NFV) and Software -Defined networking (SDN)

作者： Kawashima, Ryota Matsuo, Hiroshi Nagoya Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Nagoya Aichi 4668555 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538682814

virtualization of various network equipment has been already seen in modern telco and cloud networks. Their mission-critical virtualized devices commonly run on ASIC-powered white-box switches instead of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) x86 servers for performance reasons. In fact, many studies have revealed insufficient throughput/latency of virtual machine/container-based virtual network functions (VNFs) on x86 servers, and virtual network I/O implementations have been thought to be major performance bottlenecks. Zero-copy and pass-through are well-known techniques to reduce the I/O overhead between a host and a guest;however, existing implementations incur pragmatic issues including security, compatibility, management, and inexplicable performance characteristics. In this paper, we propose a fully software-based SR-IOV-like zero-copy/pass-through technique, Tee-type I/O virtualization (IOVTee), to resolve the problems. IOVTee takes advantage of SR-IOV and NetVM under the framework of de-facto standard DPDK/vhost-user. Inbound packet "data" are directly stored into VM's memory space like SR-IOV, but the hypervisor's virtual switch can handle the packets before the VNF's processing like NetVM. We evaluated the performance of IOVTee in 100 GbE environment, and the results showed that an IOVTee-accelerated single core VNF achieved about 19 Mpps (64 bytes) and 90 Gbps (1518 bytes) throughputs.

关键词： network functions virtualization DPDK SRIOV Zero-copy Pass-through

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μNDN: an Orchestrated Microservice Architecture for Named Data networking 5

μNDN: an Orchestrated Microservice Architecture for Named D...

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5th ACM Conference on Information-Centric networking (ICN)

作者： Marchal, Xavier Cholez, Thibault Festor, Olivier Univ Lorraine CNRS INRIA LORIA Nancy France

ISBN: (纸本)9781450359597

As an extension of network Function virtualization, microservice architectures are a promising way to design future network services. At the same time, Information-Centric networking architectures like NDN would benefit from this paradigm to offer more design choices for the network architect while facilitating the deployment and the operation of the network. We propose mu NDN, an orchestrated suite of microservices as an alternative way to implement NDN forwarding and support functions. We describe seven essential micro-services we developed, explain the design choices behind our solution and how it is orchestrated. We evaluate each service in isolation and the entire microservice architecture through two realistic scenarios to show its ability to react and mitigate some performance and security issues thanks to the orchestration. Our results show that mu NDN can replace a monolithic NDN forwarder while being more powerful and scalable.

关键词： Information-Centric networking network functions virtualization Software-Defined networks Microservice Architecture network Management

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