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Formal modeling with multistate neurones and multidimensional synapses

BIOSYSTEMS 2005年第1-3期79卷 21-32页

作者： Quenet, B Horcholle-Bossavit, G Wohrer, A Dreyfus, G Ecole Super Phys & Chim Ind Ville Paris Elect Lab F-75005 Paris France

Multistate neurones, a generalization of the popular McCulloch-Pitts binary neurones, are described;they are intended to model the fact that neurones may be in several different states of activity, while McCulloch-Pitts neurones model two states only: active or inactive. We show that as a consequence, multidimensional synapses are necessary to describe the dynamics of the model. As an illustration, we show how to derive the parameters of formal multistate neurones and their associated multidimensional synapses from simulations involving Hodgkin-Huxley neurones. Our approach opens the way to solve in a more biologically plausible way, two problems that were addressed previously: (1) the resolution of 'inverse problems', i.e. the construction of formal networks, whose dynamics follows a pre-defined spatio-temporal binary sequence, (2) the generation of spatio-temporal patterns that reproduce exactly the 'code' extracted from experimental recordings (olfactory codes at the glomerular level). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： multistate neurones multidimensional synapses neural coding spatio-temporal patterns Hodgkin-Huxley model formal neural network

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Rapid adaptation and efficient coding

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BIOSYSTEMS 2002年第1-3期67卷 239-244页

作者： Schwabe, L Obermayer, K Tech Univ Berlin Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn D-10587 Berlin Germany

Rapid adaptation is a prominent feature of biological neuronal systems. From a functional perspective the adaptation of neuronal properties, namely the input-output relation of sensory neurons, is usually interpreted as an adaptation of the sensory system to changing environments as characterized by their stimulus statistics. Here we argue that this interpretation is only applicable as long as the adaptation processes are slower than the time-scale at which the stimulus statistics change. We present a definition of optimality of a neuronal code which still captures the idea of efficient coding, but which can also explain rapid adaptation without referring to an adaptation to different sensory environments. Finally, we apply our new idea to a simple model of an orientation hypercolumn in the primary visual cortex and predict that the interactions between orientation columns should adapt at the time-scale of a single stimulus presentation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： adaptation neural coding mutual information visual cortex

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Urethral flow-responsive afferents in the cat sacral dorsal root ganglia

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NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 2012年第1期516卷 34-38页

作者： Snellings, Andre' E. Yoo, Paul B. Grill, Warren M. Duke Univ Dept Biomed Engn Durham NC 27708 USA Duke Univ Dept Neurobiol Durham NC 27708 USA Duke Univ Dept Surg Durham NC 27708 USA

Although sensory feedback from the urethra plays an integral role in the regulation of lower urinary tract function, little is known about the properties of flow-responsive primary afferent neurons. The purpose of this study was to characterize the activity of sacral afferents that responded to fluid flow through the urethra. Single neuron action potentials were recorded extracellularly from the Si and S2 dorsal root ganglia in eight cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. 21 of 116 cells responded to urethral flow but not to mechanical palpation of the perineum, 22 responded to both urethral flow and palpation, and 27 responded to palpation only. 34 of the 43 flow-responsive cells exhibited a firing response to 10 ml flow boluses that could be fit using a power function: FR(t) = a x (t)(b) + c, where FR is firing rate, t is time, and a, b and c are constants. In all 34 cells the 'b' term was negative, indicating that the firing rate slowed over the time course of the urethral flow. In 16 of the 24 cells that were recorded during at least four different flow rates, a power function provided a good fit of the relationship between firing rate and flow rate: FR(flow)= k x (flow)(p) + q, where k, p and q are constants. In each of these 16 cells the 'p' term was positive, indicating that the firing rate tended to increase with increases in flow rate. These are the first data to characterize the properties of flow-responsive afferents in the cat, and reveal properties that parallel those of other afferents. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： neural coding Urethra Lower urinary tract Bladder Pudendal nerve Single unit recording

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Research on the Robustness Mechanism of Maeda-Makino Hardware Neuron Based on Symbolic Dynamics

IEEE LETTERS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY PRACTICE AND A...

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IEEE LETTERS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY PRACTICE AND APPLICATIONS 2021年第2期3卷 61-66页

作者： Ma, Guilei Man, Menghua Zhang, Yongqiang Lu, Xiaoyun Liu, Shanghe Army Engn Univ PLA Natl Key Lab Electromagnet Environm Effects Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang 050003 Hebei Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Basic Med Sci Inst NeurobiolHlth Sci Ctr Key Lab Environm & Genes Related DisMinist Educ Xian 710061 Peoples R China

Noise permeates every level of the nervous systems, from single neurons to the whole system. However, the noise seems not to take so much trouble to neural information processing in contrast to the electronic system. The robustness of neural information processing inspired us to study the method of neuromorphic hardware systems to resist electromagnetic interference. The dynamics of the neuron model can reflect the inherent mechanism of neural information processing. In this work, we take the Maeda-Makino (MM) hardware neuron as an example to study the robustness mechanism of biological neuron information encoding based on symbolic dynamics. MM hardware neuron is a neuromorphic neuron circuit with biological plausibility. The simulation results show that MM hardware neuron can encode the order of current stimulus periods, even with parameter disturbance and noisy input signals which simulate the effects of electromagnetic interference on neuronal cell membrane permeability, sodium ion channels, potassium ion channels, and action potentials. Choosing a robust hardware neuron is the basis for building a neuromorphic hardware system that can resist electromagnetic interference. This letter not only verifies the robustness of using symbol sequence encoding but also provides an optional hardware neuron solution for neuromorphic hardware designed for anti-electromagnetic interference.

关键词： Neurons Hardware Encoding Robustness Windings Electromagnetics Electromagnetic interference Biological robustness electromagnetic protection bionics neural coding symbolic dynamics

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Dynamics of analog-to-frequency transduction in sensory receptors

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BIOSYSTEMS 1997年第1-2期40卷 119-126页

作者： Menzinger, M Rovinsky, A Chillemi, S CNR IST BIOFISI-56127 PISAITALY

We analyze the analog-to-frequency transduction by sensory neurons in vivo. Spatially extended neural models are made to fire by applying the stimulus to the membrane potential at the boundary of the trigger zone. The membrane property that provides a broad dynamical range of frequency is a prolonged hyperpolarizing afterpotential. In support of this PDE model, we study the stimulus-dependent location of pulse-initiation in crayfish stretch receptors Ringham (1971).

关键词： analog-to-frequency transduction sensory receptors neural coding transduction function trigger zone dynamics of pulse-initiation

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Rate code input produces temporal code output from cockroach antennal lobes

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BIOSYSTEMS 2000年第1-3期58卷 151-158页

作者： Lemon, WC Getz, WM Univ Calif Berkeley Div Insect Biol Berkeley CA 94720 USA

The experiments presented here were designed to determine the origin of the temporally complex activity of antennal lobe projection neurons in the cockroach olfactory system. We determined this through the use of complex chemical stimuli that evoked neural activity recorded extracellularly from olfactory sensory neurons and intracellularly from antennal lobe projection neurons in the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Olfactory information was represented by a simple, short time-scale rate code in the olfactory sensory neurons. This rate code input from the sensory neurons was processed by the antennal lobe and transformed into a longer time-scale, temporally encoded output expressed across a smaller population of antennal lobe projection neurons. The projection neuron responses comprised temporal patterns of increases and decreases in spike frequency that differed among projection neurons and were consistent among repeated presentations of the same stimulus. Presentation of simple and complex chemical stimuli showed that the complexity of projection neuron activity was a product of the antennal lobes and was not associated with the chemical complexity of the stimulus. To characterize the encoding schemes used by each class of neurons, the responses were decomposed into their principal components. The stimulus was correlated with only the first principal component of the activity of sensory neurons, which is consistent with a rate encoding scheme. The stimulus was correlated with higher order principal components of the activity of projection neurons, which is consistent with a temporal encoding scheme. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： insect olfaction neural coding projection neuron olfactory sensory neuron periplaneta americana

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Different coding characteristics between flight and freezing in dorsal periaqueductal gray of mice during exposure to innate threats

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2022年第6期5卷 491-501页

作者： Denghui Liu Shouhao Li Liqing Ren Xinyu Liu Xiaoyuan Li Zhenlong Wang School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina School of Intelligent Manufacturing Huanghuai UniversityZhumadianChina School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina

Background:Flight and freezing are two vital defensive behaviors that mice display to avoid natural *** they are exposed to innate threats,visual cues are processed and transmitted by the visual system into the emotional nuclei and finally transmitted to the periaqueductal gray(PAG)to induce defensive ***,how the dorsal PAG(dPAG)encodes the two defensive behaviors is ***:Multi-array electrodes were implanted in the dPAG nuclei of C57BL/6 *** kinds of visual stimuli(looming and sweeping)were used to induce defensive behaviors in *** signals under different defense behaviors were recorded,and the encoding characteristics of the two behaviors were extracted and analyzed from spike firing and frequency ***,synchronization of neural activity during the defense process was ***:The neural activity between flight and freezing behaviors showed different firing patterns,and the differences in the inter-spike interval distribution were mainly reflected in the 2–10 ms *** frequency band activities under both defensive behaviors were concentrated in the theta band;the active frequency of flight was~8to 10 Hz,whereas that of freezing behavior was~6 to 8 *** network connection density under both defense behaviors was significantly higher than the period before and after defensive behavior occurred,indicating that there was a high synchronization of neural activity during the defense ***:The dPAG nuclei of mice have different coding features between flight and freezing behaviors;during strong looming stimulation,fast neuro-i nstinctive decision making is required while encountering weak sweeping stimulation,and computable planning late behavior is predicted in the early *** frequency band activities under both defensive behaviors were concentrated in the theta *** was a high synchronization of neural activity during the defense process,which may be a key factor trigg

关键词： C57BL/6 mice dorsal periaqueductal gray flight and freezing innate threats neural coding

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Retino-cortical information transmission achievable with a retina implant

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BIOSYSTEMS 2005年第1-3期79卷 133-142页

作者： Eger, M Wilms, M Eckhorn, R Schanze, T Hesse, L Univ Marburg Dept Med Eye Clin D-35032 Marburg Germany

Blind subjects with photoreceptor degeneration perceive phosphenes when their intact retinal ganglion cells are stimulated electrically. Is this approach suitable for transmitting enough information to the visual cortex for partially restoring vision? We stimulated the retina of anesthetized cats electrically and visually while recording the responses in the visual cortex. Transmission of retino-cortical information T was quantified by information theory. T was 20-160 bit/s (per stimulation and recording site) with random electrical or visual impulse stimulation at rates between 20 and 40 s(-1). While increasing spatial density of independent electrical stimulation channels T did not saturate with 7 electrodes/mm(2) retina. With seven electrodes up to 500 bills was transmitted to 15 cortical recording sites. Electrical stimulation basically employs temporal stimulus patterns. They are intimately linked with intensity/contrast information coded by the spike density of retinal ganglion cells. From the cortical information spread we estimated the spatial resolution as 0.5 mm cortex corresponding to 0.5-1.0degrees visual angle. If the human cortex can receive and decode the information transmitted by a retina implant, our quantitative results measured in cats suggest that visuo-motor coordination and object recognition in many in- and out-door situations will be possible. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

关键词： information theory electrical stimulation neural coding trans-information

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Dynamical cell assemblies in the rat auditory cortex in a reaction-time task

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BIOSYSTEMS 1998年第1-3期48卷 269-277页

作者： Villa, AEP Hyland, B Tetko, IV Najem, A Univ Lausanne Inst Physiol Lab Neuroheurist Lausanne Switzerland Univ Otago Dept Physiol Otago New Zealand Univ Otago Ctr Neurosci Otago New Zealand Ukrainian Acad Sci IBPC Dept Biomed Applicat UA-660 Kiev Ukraine

Simultaneous single unit spike trains were recorded in the auditory cortex of freely moving rats performing a complex cognitive task. The experimental paradigm is based on a two-choice task (Go/Nogo) with a two-component (pitch and location) auditory stimulus lasting 500 ms. We report evidence that firstly functional interactions, measured by cross-correlation analysis, between single units in the auditory cortex are dynamically modified in the period preceding the onset of the auditory stimulation, referred to as the 'waiting period'. We secondly observed that spatio-temporal firing patterns both within, and across cell spike trains also tended to appear in the waiting period, several seconds before the actual stimulus delivery. These patterns indicate a very precise repetition of spike discharges separated by long intervals (up to several hundreds of milliseconds). No consistent changes in mean rate were observed. These results suggest that network activity in the auditory cortex is selectively modified in rate independent ways before the actual sensory stimulation. These modifications may reflect participation of recurrent neuronal networks in processes anticipating the expected sensory input. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： neural coding spike train spatiotemporal patterns crosscorrelation behaving rat auditory cortex

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Electrophysiological correlates of synchronous neural activity and attention: a short review

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BIOSYSTEMS 2002年第1-3期67卷 157-166页

作者： Niebur, E Johns Hopkins Univ Zanvyl Krieger Mind Brain Inst Dept Neurosci Baltimore MD 21218 USA

Attentional selection implies preferential treatment of some sensory stimuli over others. This requires differential representation of attended and unattended stimuli. Most previous research has focused on pure rate codes for this representation but recent evidence indicates that a mixed code, involving both mean firing rate and temporal codes, may be employed. Of particular interest is a distinction of attended from unattended stimuli based on synchrony within neural populations. I review electrophysiological evidence at macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic spatial scales showing that the degree of synchronous activity varies with the attentional state of the perceiving organism. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： attention synchrony neural coding

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