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Conference on Fluctuations and Noise in Biological, Biophysical, and Biomedical Systems III

作者： Bernroider, G Roy, S Salzburg Univ FB Org Biol Neurodynam & Neurosignaling Unit A-5020 Salzburg Austria

ISBN: (纸本)0819458368

We propose a quantum information scheme that builds on the interference properties of entangled ion states that are transiently confined by local potentials within the permeation path of voltage-gated, ion-conducting membrane proteins. We show, that the sub-molecular organization of parts of the protein, as revealed by the recent progress in high-resolution atomic-level spectroscopy and accompaning molecular dynamics simulations, carries a logical coding potency that goes beyond the pure catalytic function of the channel, subserving the transmembrane crossing of an electrodiffusive barrier. As we argue that 'within channel states' can become super-correlated with the environment, this also sheds new light on the role of noise in controlling the access of ions to voltage-gated ion channels ('channel noise').

关键词： entanglement ion channels quantum computing channel noise neural coding quantum neurophysics molecular dynamics simulations Fluid-Mosaic Model Liquid-Crystal-Model natural computing neural quantum computing

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Suggestive Evidence for a Forward Model of the Arm in the Monkey Motor Cortex

Suggestive Evidence for a Forward Model of the Arm in the Mo...

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13th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control (AMC)

作者： Miyashita, Eizo Sakaguchi, Yutaka Tokyo Inst Technol Dept Computat Intelligence & Syst Sci Yokohama Kanagawa 227 Japan Univ Electrocommun Dept Human Media Syst Chofu Tokyo 182 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923243

To test an idea that neurons in the motor cortex encodes a future state of the arm, we constructed a plausible model using arm state-related variables to explain neuronal activity, and applied a multiple linear regression analysis. We found that the model fit was fairly good with a mean determination coefficient of 0.57 for analyzed 231 neurons and that neuronal activity preceded the actual movement of the arm with 66 ms on average. Presuming that the brain follows optimal feed back control theory, these findings suggest that the motor cortex may contain a forward model of the arm.

关键词： brain control of motion optimal feedback control theory reaching movements neural coding neural information processing

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Not so spontaneous: Multi-dimensional representations of behaviors and context in sensory areas

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Neuron 2022年第19期110卷 3064-3075页

作者： Avitan, Lilach Stringer, Carsen Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 9190401 Israel HHMI Janelia Research Campus Ashburn 20147 VA United States

Sensory areas are spontaneously active in the absence of sensory stimuli. This spontaneous activity has long been studied;however, its functional role remains largely unknown. Recent advances in technology, allowing large-scale neural recordings in the awake and behaving animal, have transformed our understanding of spontaneous activity. Studies using these recordings have discovered high-dimensional spontaneous activity patterns, correlation between spontaneous activity and behavior, and dissimilarity between spontaneous and sensory-driven activity patterns. These findings are supported by evidence from developing animals, where a transition toward these characteristics is observed as the circuit matures, as well as by evidence from mature animals across species. These newly revealed characteristics call for the formulation of a new role for spontaneous activity in neural sensory computation. © 2022 The Author(s)

关键词： behavior dimensionality evoked neural activity multi-dimensional neural activity neural coding neural subspace orthogonal neural subspaces spontaneous activity

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coding Properties of Firing Rate Models with Low-rank Synaptic Weight Matrices

Coding Properties of Firing Rate Models with Low-rank Synapt...

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作者： Collazos, Steven University of Minnesota

学位级别：Ph.D.

Hebbian theory proposes that ensembles of neurons, that is, groups of co-active neurons, form a basis for neural processing. We model the collection of all possible ensembles of neurons---known as \Def{permitted sets}, $\mathcal{P}_\Phi (W)$---as a collection of binary strings that indicate which neurons are deemed active. In this model, $\Phi$ is a function that prescribes how neurons respond to inputs, and $W$ is a matrix that captures the strengths of the connections among neurons in the network. We construct $\mathcal{P}_\Phi (W)$ by imposing a threshold on the responsiveness of the neuron to input at the steady state. We investigate how synaptic strengths shape $\mathcal{P}_\Phi (W)$. When the synaptic weight matrix is almost rank one, we prove two main results about $\mathcal{P}_\Phi (W)$. First, $\mathcal{P}_\Phi (W)$ is a convex code, which is a combinatorial neural code that arises from a pattern of intersections of convex sets. Second, $\mathcal{P}_\Phi (W)$ exhibits nesting, meaning that a permitted set with $k$ co-active neurons contains a permitted subset of $k-1$ co-active neurons. Our results are applicable to neuronal networks whose activation function is $C^1$ with finitely many discontinuities.

关键词： Asymptotically stable fixed points Differential Equations neural coding Neuronal networks

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The Role of Cortical and Subcortical Auditory Pathways in Sound-Driven Behavior

The Role of Cortical and Subcortical Auditory Pathways in So...

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作者： Ponvert, Nicholas University of Oregon

学位级别：博士

For many species, the ability to use information about sound to guide behavior is important for obtaining rewards such as food, mates, or respite from danger. The neural pathways that associate sounds with actions that will produce reward are not well understood. The striatum, a brain region which receives sound information from the auditory cortex and auditory thalamus, and which can drive behavior via its outputs in the basal ganglia, represents a potential key hub in the pathway between sound and action. In this thesis, I investigate the role of striatal circuits in the context of sound-guided behavior, and compare parallel corticostriatal and thalamostriatal pathways that provide auditory information to the striatum. In Chapter II, I inactivate the striatum while animals perform a frequency discrimination task, and find that this manipulation leads to a strong deficit in task performance. In Chapter III, I compare the information about sounds sent to the striatum from the auditory cortex and auditory thalamus. I find that, while these pathways convey frequency information to the striatum with similar fidelity, they have different representations of temporal modulations in sound amplitude. In Chapter IV I present a behavioral task that could be used to evaluate the relative contribution of the corticostriatal and thalamostriatal pathways to discriminations of different sound features. Finally, Chapter V provides a review of the role of cortical and subcortical pathways in other behavioral contexts, especially in tasks that require rapid flexibility. This dissertation includes previously published co-authored material.

关键词： auditory cortex auditory decision making auditory thalamus neural coding pathway-specific striatum

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Seeing sound: A new way to illustrate auditory objects and their neural correlates

Seeing sound: A new way to illustrate auditory objects and t...

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作者： Lim, Yoon Seob Boston University

学位级别：Ph.D.

This thesis develops a new method for time-frequency signal processing and examines the relevance of the new representation in studies of neural coding in songbirds. The method groups together associated regions of the time-frequency plane into objects defined by time-frequency contours. By combining information about structurally stable contour shapes over multiple time-scales and angles, a signal decomposition is produced that distributes resolution adaptively. As a result, distinct signal components are represented in their own most parsimonious forms. Next, through neural recordings in singing birds, it was found that activity in song premotor cortex is significantly correlated with the objects defined by this new representation of sound. In this process, an automated way of finding sub-syllable acoustic transitions in birdsongs was first developed, and then increased spiking probability was found at the boundaries of these acoustic transitions. Finally, a new approach to study auditory cortical sequence processing more generally is proposed. In this approach, songbirds were trained to discriminate Morse-code-like sequences of clicks, and the neural correlates of this behavior were examined in primary and secondary auditory cortex. It was found that a distinct transformation of auditory responses to the sequences of clicks exists as information transferred from primary to secondary auditory areas. Neurons in secondary auditory areas respond asynchronously and selectively — in a manner that depends on the temporal context of the click. This transformation from a temporal to a spatial representation of sound provides a possible basis for the songbird's natural ability to discriminate complex temporal sequences.

关键词： Neurosciences Auditory objects neural coding Songbird Time-frequency analysis

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Amazon Nights Ii: Electric Boogaloo-neural Adaptations For Communication In Three Species Of Weakly Electric Fish

Amazon Nights Ii: Electric Boogaloo-Neural Adaptations For C...

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作者： Kathryne M Allen West Virginia University

学位级别：博士

Sensory systems have to extract useful information from environments awash in noise and confounding input. Studying how salient signals are encoded and filtered from these natural backgrounds is a key problem in neuroscience. Communication is a particularly tractable tool for studying this problem, as it is a ubiquitous task that all organisms must accomplish, easily compared across species, and is of significant ethological relevance. In this chapter I describe the current knowledge of what is both known and still unknown about how sensory systems are adapted for the challenges of encoding conspecific signals, particularly in environments complicated by conspecific-generated noise. The second half of this chapter describes why weakly electric fish are particularly suited to investigating how communication can shape the nervous system to accomplish this task.

关键词： sensory processing neural coding electroreception communication detection discrimination burst coding neuroethology Neuroscience and Neurobiology

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Experience dependent coding of intonations by offsets in mouse auditory cortex

Experience dependent coding of intonations by offsets in mou...

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作者： Chong, Kelly K. Georgia Institute of Technology

学位级别：博士

Acoustic communication is an important aspect of many social interactions across mammalian species. The encoding of intra-species vocalizations and plasticity mechanisms engaged during the process of learning vocalizations are poorly understood. This is particularly true with regards to how sensory representations of vocalizations is transformed between primary to secondary auditory cortical areas. Moreover, learning in a natural communication paradigm engages auditory cortical plasticity mechanisms in ways that are distinct from laboratory operant training paradigms, emphasizing the importance of studying learning in social settings. Our work utilizes a natural paradigm in which mouse mothers learn the behavioral significance of pup ultrasonic vocalizations during maternal experience to study auditory cortical plasticity in a natural social context. Specifically, we aim to determine how mice learn to use acoustic features to discriminate vocalization categories. One of the acoustic features that can be used to distinguish whistle-like mouse vocalizations is their frequency trajectory or intonation, which can be modeled using a parameterized sinusoidally frequency modulated tone. We will employ a combination of in vivo head-fixed awake single unit electrophysiology and modeling of the natural mouse vocalization repertoire to explore the frequency trajectory parameter space. With this approach, we aim to study the native sensitivity of auditory cortical neurons to frequency trajectory parameters across primary and secondary auditory regions, as well as how sensitivity to these parameters changes with experience. This work will further our understanding of how the acoustic feature space is represented by the auditory cortex, and uncovers a potential mechanism by which natural sound categories are learned.

关键词： Neuroscience neural coding Sensory Auditory Plasticity Offset Intonation Frequency modulation Encoding Mouse Cortex Vocalization processing Electrophysiology Maternal Sinusoidal frequency modulation

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Time-varying vector Poisson processes with coincidences 40

Time-varying vector Poisson processes with coincidences

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40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2015

作者： Solo, Victor Godoy, Boris School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781467369978

Three emerging applications are driving a renewed interest in vector point processes: neural coding, high frequency finance and genomics. This pressure has revealed a gross lack of models and system identification methods. In particular in at least the first two applications coincidences can occur i.e. more than one event can occur at the same time. Yet the models in common use exclude this possibility. In this paper we develop a class of time-varying vector Poisson models that allow coincident events and develop for the first time an hypothesis test for no coincidences. We show simulation results and an application to high frequency finance data. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： finance genomics neural coding point process

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Information processes in neurons

Information processes in neurons

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作者： Šanda, Pavel Charles University of Prague

Neurons communicate by action potentials. This process can be described by very detailed biochemical models of neuronal membrane and its channels, or by simpler phenomenological models of membrane potential (integrate-and- fire models) or even by very abstract models when only time of spikes are considered. We took one particular description - stochastic leaky integrate-and-fire model - and compared it with recorded in-vivo intracellular activity of the neuron. We estimated parameters of this model, compared how the model simulation corresponds with a real neuron. It can be concluded that the data are generally consistent with the model. At a more abstract level of description, the spike trains are analyzed without considering exact membrane voltage and one asks how the external stimulus is encoded in the spike train emitted by neurons. There are many neuronal codes described in literature and we focused on the open problem of neural code responsible for spatial hearing in mammals. Several theories explaining the experimental findings have been proposed and we suggest a specific variant of so called slope-encoding model. Neuronal circuit mimick- ing auditory pathway up to the first binaural neuron was constructed and experimental results were reproduced. Finally, we estimated the minimal number of such...

关键词： binaural hearing in mammals integrate-and-fire model neural coding

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