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JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY neural AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2005年第11期191卷 995-1010页

作者： Leonardo, A Harvard Univ Dept Mol & Cellular Biol Cambridge MA 02138 USA

When the dimensionality of a neural circuit is substantially larger than the dimensionality of the variable it encodes, many different degenerate network states can produce the same output. In this review I will discuss three different neural systems that are linked by this theme. The pyloric network of the lobster, the song control system of the zebra finch, and the odor encoding system of the locust, while different in design, all contain degeneracies between their internal parameters and the outputs they encode. Indeed, although the dynamics of song generation and odor identification are quite different, computationally, odor recognition can be thought of as running the song generation circuitry backwards. In both of these systems, degeneracy plays a vital role in mapping a sparse neural representation devoid of correlations onto external stimuli (odors or song structure) that are strongly correlated. I argue that degeneracy between input and output states is an inherent feature of many neural systems, which can be exploited as a fault-tolerant method of reliably learning, generating, and discriminating closely related patterns.

关键词： neural coding olfaction birdsong stomatogastric ganglion Hash function

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Universal statistics of hippocampal place fields across species and dimensionalities

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NEURON 2025年第7期113卷 1110-1120.e3页

作者： Mainali, Nischal da Silveira, Rava Azeredo Burak, Yoram Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Edmond & Lily Safra Ctr Brain Sci Jerusalem Israel Univ PSL Ecole Normale Super ENS Lab Phys Paris France Univ Paris Sorbonne Univ CNRS Paris France Inst Mol & Clin Ophthalmol Basel Basel Switzerland Univ Basel Fac Sci Basel Switzerland Univ Zurich Dept Econ Zurich Switzerland Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Racah Inst Phys Jerusalem Israel

Hippocampal place cells have single, bell-shaped place fields in small environments. Recent experiments, however, reveal that, in large environments, place cells have multiple fields with heterogeneous shapes and sizes. We show that this diversity is explained by a surprisingly simple mathematical model, in which place fields are generated by thresholding a realization of a random Gaussian process. The model captures the statistics of field arrangements and generates new quantitative predictions about the statistics of field shapes and topologies. These predictions are quantitatively verified in bats and rodents, in one, two, and three dimensions, in both small and large environments. These results imply that common mechanisms underlie the diverse statistics observed in different experiments and further suggest that synaptic projections to CA1 are predominantly random.

关键词： neural coding hippocampus spatial cognition CA1 place cells theoretical neuroscience computational neuroscience

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Perceptual Audio coding: A 40-Year Historical Perspective

Perceptual Audio Coding: A 40-Year Historical Perspective

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Herre, Jürgen Quackenbush, Schuyler Kim, Minje Skoglund, Jan International Audio Laboratories Erlangen Erlangen Germany Audio Research Labs WestfieldNJ United States University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL United States Google LLC San FranciscoCA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

In the history of audio and acoustic signal processing, perceptual audio coding has certainly excelled as a bright success story by its ubiquitous deployment in virtually all digital media devices, such as computers, tablets, mobile phones, set-top-boxes, and digital radios. From a technology perspective, perceptual audio coding has undergone tremendous development from the first very basic perceptually driven coders (including the popular mp3 format) to today's full-blown integrated coding/rendering systems. This paper provides a historical overview of this research journey by pinpointing the pivotal development steps in the evolution of perceptual audio coding. Finally, it provides thoughts about future directions in this area. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： low-bitrate audio coding masking MPEG neural coding Perceptual audio coding speech coding

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Identification of neural firing patterns, frequency and temporal coding mechanisms in individual aortic baroreceptors

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FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015年第AUGUST期9卷 108页

作者： Gu, Huaguang Pan, Baobao Tongji Univ Sch Aerosp Engn & Appl Mech Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China

In rabbit depressor nerve fibers, an on-off firing pattern, period-1 firing, and integer multiple firing with quiescent state were observed as the static pressure level was increased. A bursting pattern with bursts at the systolic phase of blood pressure, continuous firing, and bursting with burst at diastolic phase and quiescent state at systolic phase were observed as the mean level of the dynamic blood pressure was increased. For both static and dynamic pressures, the firing frequency of the first two firing patterns increased and of the last firing pattern decreased due to the quiescent state. If the quiescent state is disregarded, the spike frequency becomes an increasing trend. The instantaneous spike frequency of the systolic phase bursting, continuous firing, and diastolic phase bursting can reflect the temporal process of the systolic phase, whole procedure, and diastolic phase of the dynamic blood pressure signal, respectively. With increasing the static current corresponding to pressure level, the deterministic Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model manifests a process from a resting state first to period-1 firing via a subcritical Hopf bifurcation and then to a resting state via a supercritical Hopf bifurcation, and the firing frequency increases. The on-off firing and integer multiple firing were here identified as noise-induced firing patterns near the subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcation points, respectively, using the stochastic HH model. The systolic phase bursting and diastolic phase bursting were identified as pressure-induced firings near the subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcation points, respectively, using an HH model with a dynamic signal. The firing, spike frequency, and instantaneous spike frequency observed in the experiment were simulated and explained using HH models. The results illustrate the dynamics of different firing patterns and the frequency and temporal coding mechanisms of aortic baroreceptor.

关键词： neural coding neural firing pattern frequency coding temporal coding Hopf bifurcation aortic baroreceptor blood pressure depolarization block

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Energy distribution property and energy coding of a structural neural network

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FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014年第FEB期8卷 14页

作者： Wang, Ziyin Wang, Rubin E China Univ Sci & Technol Sch Sci Inst Cognit Neurodynam Shanghai 200237 Peoples R China

Studying neural coding through neural energy is a novel view. In this paper, based on previously proposed single neuron model, the correlation between the energy consumption and the parameters of the cortex networks (amount of neurons, coupling strength, and transform delay) under an oscillational condition were researched. We found that energy distribution varies orderly as these parameters change, and it is closely related to the synchronous oscillation of the neural network. Besides, we compared this method with traditional method of relative coefficient, which shows energy method works equal to or better than the traditional one. It is novel that the synchronous activity and neural network parameters could be researched by assessing energy distribution and consumption. Therefore, the conclusion of this paper will refine the framework of neural coding theory and contribute to our understanding of the coding mechanism of the cerebral cortex. It provides a strong theoretical foundation of a novel neural coding theory energy coding.

关键词： neural network nervous energy neural coding parameter

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Sensory Encoding Alternates With Hippocampal Ripples across Cycles of Forebrain Spiking Cascades

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ADVANCED SCIENCE 2025年第16期12卷 e2406224页

作者： Yang, Yifan Leopold, David A. Duyn, Jeff H. Sipe, Grayson O. Liu, Xiao Penn State Univ Dept Biomed Engn University Pk PA 16802 USA Natl Inst Mental Hlth Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke Neurophysiol Imaging Facil Bethesda MD 20892 USA NEI NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA Natl Inst Mental Hlth NIH Sect Cognit Neurophysiol & Imaging Syst Neurodev Lab Bethesda MD 20892 USA Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke NIH Adv MRI Sect Lab Funct & Mol Imaging Bethesda MD 20892 USA Penn State Univ Dept Biol University Pk PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ Inst Computat & Data Sci University Pk PA 16802 USA

The brain's response to external events depends on its internal arousal states, which are dynamically governed by neuromodulatory systems and have recently been linked to coordinated spike timing cascades in widespread brain networks. At rest, both arousal fluctuations and spiking cascades are evident throughout the forebrain and play out over multisecond time scales. Here, by analyzing large-scale neural recording data collected by the Allen Institute, it is demonstrated that these intrinsic processes persist across the mouse brain even during periods of continuous visual stimulation. In the stationary animal, each quasi-periodic cascade cycle systematically influenced 1) the efficacy of encoding in visually responsive brain areas and 2) the incidence of memory-related hippocampal ripples. During this cycle, the phase of high arousal is marked by high efficiency in visual encoding whereas the phase of low arousal is marked by the occurrence of hippocampal ripples. However, during bouts of active locomotion, this cycle is abolished and brain maintained a state of elevated visual coding efficiency, with ripples being nearly absent. It is hypothesized that the infra-slow cascade dynamics reflect an adaptive cycle of alternating exteroceptive sensory sampling and internal mnemonic function that persistently pervades the forebrain, only stopping during active exploration of the environment.

关键词： brain states global signal hippocampal ripples low-frequency neuronal population dynamics neural coding

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Random compressed coding with neurons

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CELL REPORTS 2025年第3期44卷 115412页

作者： Malerba, Simone Blanco Pieropan, Mirko Burak, Yoram da Silveira, Rava Azeredo Univ Paris Sorbonne Univ Lab Phys ENSUniv PSLCNRS F-75005 Paris France Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf Inst Neural Informat Proc Ctr Mol Neurobiol D-20251 Hamburg Germany Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Racah Inst Phys IL-9190401 Jerusalem Israel Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Edmond & Lily Safra Ctr Brain Sci IL-9190401 Jerusalem Israel Inst Mol & Clin Ophthalmol Basel CH-4031 Basel Switzerland Univ Basel Fac Sci CH-4056 Basel Switzerland Univ Zurich Dept Econ CH-8001 Zurich Switzerland

Classical models of efficient coding in neurons assume simple mean responses-"tuning curves"- such as bell-shaped or monotonic functions of a stimulus feature. Real neurons, however, can be more complex: grid cells, for example, exhibit periodic responses that impart the neural population code with high accuracy. But do highly accurate codes require fine-tuning of the response properties? We address this question with the use of a simple model: a population of neurons with random, spatially extended, and irregular tuning curves. Irregularity enhances the local resolution of the code but gives rise to catastrophic, global errors. For optimal smoothness of the tuning curves, when local and global errors balance out, the neural population compresses information about a continuous stimulus into a low-dimensional representation, and the resulting distributed code achieves exponential accuracy. An analysis of recordings from monkey motor cortex points to such "compressed efficient coding."Efficient codes do not require a finely tuned design-they emerge robustly from irregularity or randomness.

关键词： neural coding receptive field Gaussian process efficient coding

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How sub-optimal are the neural representations: Show me your null model

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Journal of neurophysiology 2025年第4期133卷 1083-1085页

作者： Movitz Lenninger Arvind Kumar School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden. Science for Life Laboratory Solna Sweden.

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Lack of context modulation in human single neuron responses in the medial temporal lobe

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CELL REPORTS 2025年第1期44卷 115218页

作者： Rey, Hernan G. Panagiotaropoulos, Theofanis I. Gutierrez, Lorenzo Chaure, Fernando J. Nasimbera, Alejandro Cordisco, Santiago Nishida, Fabian Valentin, Antonio Alarcon, Gonzalo Richardson, Mark P. Kochen, Silvia Quiroga, Rodrigo Quian Univ Leicester Ctr Syst Neurosci Leicester England Med Coll Wisconsin Dept Neurosurg Biomed Engn & Pharmacol & Toxicol Milwaukee WI 53226 USA Univ Paris Saclay Univ Paris Sud Cognit Neuroimaging Unit INSERM Paris France Univ Buenos Aires Inst Biomed Engn Buenos Aires Argentina CEMET ENyS Av Calchaqui 5401 RA-5401 Buenos Aires Argentina Kings Coll London Inst Psychiat Psychol & Neurosci Dept Basic & Clin Neurosci London England Royal Manchester Childrens Hosp Dept Clin Neurophysiol Manchester England El Cruce Hosp Epilepsy Ctr Buenos Aires Argentina Hosp Del Mar Med Res Inst IMIM Barcelona Spain Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats ICREA Barcelona Spain Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Med Ruijin Hosp Shanghai Peoples R China Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens Dept Psychol Athens 15784 Greece Acad Athens BRFAA Ctr Basic Res Biomed Res Fdn Athens Greece

In subjects implanted with intracranial electrodes, we use two different stories involving the same person (or place) to evaluate whether and to what extent context modulates human single-neuron responses. Nearly all neurons (97% during encoding and 100% during recall) initially responding to a person/place do not modulate their response with context. Likewise, nearly none (<1%) of the initially non-responsive neurons show conjunctive coding, responding to particular persons/places in a particular context during the tasks. In line with these findings, taking all neurons together it is possible to decode the person/place being depicted in each story, but not the particular story. Moreover, the neurons show consistent results across encoding and recall of the stories and during passive viewing of pictures. These results suggest a context invariant, non-conjunctive coding of memories at the single-neuron level in the human hippocampus and amygdala, in contrast to what has been described in other species.

关键词： memory human single-cell recordings hippocampus neural coding context modulation pattern separation human memory episodic memory

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The Limited Place in Cognitive Space

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Topics in Cognitive Science 2025年第0期 2025 Mar 9页

作者： Hodgetts, Carl J. Hahn, Ulrike Department of Psychology Royal Holloway University of London United Kingdom Department of Psychological Sciences Birkbeck University of London Malet Street Bloomsbury London WC1E 7HX United Kingdom

How we judge the similarity between stimuli in the world is connected ultimately to how we represent them. Because of this, decisions about how we model similarity, either in terms of human behavior or patterns of neural activity, can provide key insights into how representations are structured and organized. Despite this, psychology and cognitive neuroscience continue to be dominated by a narrow range of similarity models, particularly those that characterize similarity as distance within “cognitive space.” Despite the appeal of such models, their topological nature places fundamental constraints on their ability to capture relationships between objects and events in the world. To probe this, we created a stimulus set in which the predicted similarity relationships (based on an alternative model of similarity) could not be simply embedded within Euclidean space. This approach revealed that the spatial model distorts these predictions, and the perceived similarities of human observers. These findings indicate that cognitive spaces—that underlie much recent work probing both visual and conceptual representations in cognitive neuroscience—are limited in fundamental ways that restrict their theoretical and practical utility. © 2025 The Author(s). Topics in Cognitive Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Cognitive Science Society.

关键词： Conceptual knowledge Mental representation Multidimensional scaling neural coding Object perception Similarity Vision

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