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neural processing of amplitude-modulated sounds

PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 2004年第2期84卷 541-577页

作者： Joris, PX Schreiner, CE Rees, A Katholieke Univ Leuven Lab Auditory Neurophysiol Div Neurophysiol B-3000 Louvain Belgium Univ Calif San Francisco Keck Ctr Integrat Neurosci Dept Otolaryngol Coleman Lab San Francisco CA 94143 USA Newcastle Univ Sch Med Sch Neurol Neurobiol & Psychiat Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU Tyne & Wear England

Amplitude modulation (AM) is a temporal feature of most natural acoustic signals. A long psychophysical tradition has shown that AM is important in a variety of perceptual tasks, over a range of time scales. Technical possibilities in stimulus synthesis have reinvigorated this field and brought the modulation dimension back into focus. We address the question whether specialized neural mechanisms exist to extract AM information, and thus whether consideration of the modulation domain is essential in understanding the neural architecture of the auditory system. The available evidence suggests that this is the case. Peripheral neural structures not only transmit envelope information in the form of neural activity synchronized to the modulation waveform but are often tuned so that they only respond over a limited range of modulation frequencies. Ascending the auditory neuraxis, AM tuning persists but increasingly takes the form of tuning in average firing rate, rather than synchronization, to modulation frequency. There is a decrease in the highest modulation frequencies that influence the neural response, either in average rate or synchronization, as one records at higher and higher levels along the neuraxis. In parallel, there is an increasing tolerance of modulation tuning for other stimulus parameters such as sound pressure level, modulation depth, and type of carrier. At several anatomical levels, consideration of modulation response properties assists the prediction of neural responses to complex natural stimuli. Finally, some evidence exists for a topographic ordering of neurons according to modulation tuning. The picture that emerges is that temporal modulations are a critical stimulus attribute that assists us in the detection, discrimination, identification, parsing, and localization of acoustic sources and that this wide-ranging role is reflected in dedicated physiological properties at different anatomical levels.

关键词： .narrow sounds auditory cortex trains marmoset temporal information neural processing neural response amplitude-modulated spectrotemporal inferior colliculus

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neural processing of gravitoinertial cues in humans. III. Modeling tilt and translation responses

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2002年第2期87卷 819-833页

作者： Merfeld, DM Zupan, LH Harvard Univ Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm Sch Med Dept Otol & LaryngolJenks Vestibular Physiol Lab Boston MA 02114 USA

All linear accelerometers measure gravitoinertial force, which is the sum of gravitational force (tilt) and inertial force due to linear acceleration (translation). neural strategies must exist to elicit tilt and translation responses from this ambiguous cue. To investigate these neural processes, we developed a model of human responses and simulated a number of motion paradigms used to investigate this tilt/translation ambiguity. In this model, the separation of GIF into neural estimates of gravity and linear acceleration is accomplished via an internal model made up of three principal components: 1) the influence of rotational cues (e. g., semicircular canals) on the neural representation of gravity, 2) the resolution of gravitoinertial force into neural representations of gravity and linear acceleration, and 3) the neural representation of the dynamics of the semicircular canals. By combining these simple hypotheses within the internal model framework, the model mimics human responses to a number of different paradigms, ranging from simple paradigms, like roll tilt, to complex paradigms, like postrotational tilt and centrifugation. It is important to note that the exact same mechanisms can explain responses induced by simple movements as well as by more complex paradigms;no additional elements or hypotheses are needed to match the data obtained during more complex paradigms. Therefore these modeled response characteristics are consistent with available data and with the hypothesis that the nervous system uses internal models to estimate tilt and translation in the presence of ambiguous sensory cues.

关键词： .tilt humans cues neural processing Gravitoinertial

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neural processing of gravito-inertial cues in humans. IV. Influence of visual rotational cues during roll optokinetic stimuli

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2003年第1期89卷 390-400页

作者： Zupan, LH Merfeld, DM Harvard Univ Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm Sch Med Dept Otol& LaryngolJenks Vestibular Physiol Lab Boston MA 02114 USA

Sensory systems often provide ambiguous information. For example, otolith organs measure gravito-inertial force (GIF), the sum of gravitational force and inertial force due to linear acceleration. However, according to Einstein's equivalence principle, a change in gravitational force due to tilt is indistinguishable from a change in inertial force due to translation. Therefore the central nervous system (CNS) must use other sensory cues to distinguish tilt from translation. For example, the CNS might use dynamic visual cues indicating rotation to help determine the orientation of gravity (tilt). This, in turn, might influence the neural processes that estimate linear acceleration, since the CNS might estimate gravity and linear acceleration such that the difference between these estimates matches the measured GIF. Depending on specific sensory information inflow, inaccurate estimates of gravity and linear acceleration can occur. Specifically, we predict that illusory tilt caused by roll optokinetic cues should lead to a horizontal vestibuloocular reflex compensatory for an interaural estimate of linear acceleration, even in the absence of actual linear acceleration. To investigate these predictions, we measured eye movements binocularly using infrared video methods in 17 subjects during and after optokinetic stimulation about the subject's nasooccipital (roll) axis (60degrees/s, clockwise or counterclockwise). The optokinetic stimulation was applied for 60 s followed by 30 s in darkness. We simultaneously measured subjective roll tilt using a somatosensory bar. Each subject was tested in three different orientations: upright, pitched forward 10degrees, and pitched backward 10degrees. Five subjects reported significant subjective roll tilt (>10degrees) in directions consistent with the direction of the optokinetic stimulation. In addition to torsional optokinetic nystagmus and afternystagmus, we measured a horizontal nystagmus to the right during and following clockw

关键词： .cues tilt neural processing Gravitoinertial otolith gravitational force linear acceleration Visual Rotational Roll Optokinetic Jenks Vestibular gravity and linear

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neural processing unit based on the optical bistable properties of semiconductor laser amplifiers

Neural processing unit based on the optical bistable propert...

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2nd International IEEE/EMBS Conference on neural Engineering

作者： González-Marcos, AP Martín-Pereda, JA Univ Politecn Madrid ETS Ingn Telecomunicac E-28040 Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)0780387090

This paper analyzes the behavior of a neural processing unit based on the Optical Bistable Properties of Semiconductor Laser Amplifiers. A similar unit to the reported here was previously employed in the simulation of the Mammalian Retina. The main advantages of the present cell are its larger fan-out and the possibility of different responses according to the light wavelength impinging onto the cell. These properties allow to work with larger structures as wen as to obtain different behaviors according to the light characteristics. This new approach gives a possible modeling closer to the real biological configurations. Moreover, a more detailed analysis of the basic cell internal behavior is reported.

关键词： neural processing optical bistability neuronal modeling

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neural processing of Congruent and Incongruent Audiovisual Speech in School-Age Children and Adults

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LANGUAGE LEARNING 2018年第Sup1期68卷 58-79页

作者： Heikkila, Jenni Tiippana, Kaisa Loberg, Otto Leppanen, Paavo H. T. Univ Helsinki Helsinki Finland Univ Jyvaskyla Jyvaskyla Finland

Seeing articulatory gestures enhances speech perception. Perception of auditory speech can even be changed by incongruent visual gestures, which is known as the McGurk effect (e.g., dubbing a voice saying /mi/ onto a face articulating /ni/, observers often hear /ni/). In children, the McGurk effect is weaker than in adults, but no previous knowledge exists about the neural-level correlates of the McGurk effect in school-age children. Using brain event-related potentials, we investigated change detection responses to congruent and incongruent audiovisual speech in school-age children and adults. We used an oddball paradigm with a congruent audiovisual /mi/ as the standard stimulus and a congruent audiovisual /ni/ or McGurk A/mi/V/ni/ as the deviant stimulus. In adults, a similar change detection response was elicited by both deviant stimuli. In children, change detection responses differed between the congruent and the McGurk stimulus. This reflects a maturational difference in the influence of visual stimuli on auditory processing.

关键词： audiovisual speech McGurk effect development EEG neural processing

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The presence of others reduces dyspnea and cortical neural processing of respiratory sensations

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BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019年第0期140卷 48-54页

作者： Herzog, Michaela Sucec, Josef Van Diest, Ilse Van den Bergh, Omer von Leupoldt, Andreas Univ Leuven Res Grp Hlth Psychol Tiensestr 102Box 3726 B-3000 Leuven Belgium

Dyspnea is a threatening symptom frequently experienced by patients within social contexts such as in the presence of family members, health professionals, or other patients. However, the effects of social presence on perceived dyspnea remain unknown. Therefore, this study examined the effects of social presence on dyspnea perception and cortical neural processing of respiratory sensations using respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREPs) in the electroencephalogram while additionally investigating the impact of dyspnea-specific fear. Thirty-one healthy females underwent four experimental conditions while RREPs were induced by inspiratory occlusions: (1)observer present/no dyspnea, (2)observer present/dyspnea, (3)alone/no dyspnea, (4)alone/dyspnea. The observer presence reduced ratings of perceived dyspnea during dyspnea conditions either significantly or at trend level. Additionally, reduced amplitudes at trend level of RREP component P2 in conditions with an observer present were found. No associations with dyspnea-specific fear were found. Findings suggest that social presence might have beneficial effects for individuals experiencing dyspnea.

关键词： Dyspnea Social presence Perception neural processing Respiratory-related evoked potential

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The neural processing of complex sounds

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BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MUSIC 2001年第1期930卷 133-142页

作者： Griffiths, TD Newcastle Univ Sch Med Dept Neurol Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH Tyne & Wear England Newcastle Univ Sch Med Dept Physiol Sci Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH Tyne & Wear England

This paper considers the temporal processing of complex sounds relevant to musical analysis. Functional imaging studies, using positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG), and the psychophysical assessment of patients with lesions allow two different approaches to this. Functional imaging allows the determination of structures normally involved in temporal analysis, while patient studies allow inference about the necessary structures for temporal analysis. Both approaches suggest a hierarchal organization in the brain corresponding to the processing of music. The features of individual notes are analyzed in the pathway up to and including the auditory cortices, while higher-order patterns formed by those features are analyzed by distributed networks in the temporal lobe and frontal lobes distinct from the auditory cortices.

关键词： neural processing complex sounds musical analysis functional imaging

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Measurement of object position inside high scattering medium by use of optical tomography method with neural processing

Measurement of object position inside high scattering medium...

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Conference on Lightmetry - Metrology and Testing Techniques Using Light

作者： Domanski, AW Pierscinski, K Zielinski, M Karpierz, MA Sierakowski, M Wolinski, TR Warsaw Univ Technol Fac Phys PL-00662 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)0819448702

Optical imaging of objects inside high scattering medium by use of light instead of X-rays is called optical tomography. There are several types of optical tomography methods. One of them is direct transillumination with laser light in order to collect shadow images as a starting point for tomography procedure leading to three-dimensional object imaging. In this paper we present a modification of a direct transillumination optical tomography method with neural processing to measure a position of the object placed inside water solution of Intralipid, i.e. inside liquid, which simulates optical properties of a living tissue. As a light source a laser diode emitting red light beam (lambda approximate to 670 nm) is used. Detection system of transillumination images is based on scanning of the optical field by photodiode. Scattered field measurements for opposite directions of object illumination, are processed by the neural net. In this approach all the time-consuming computations are conducted while training the artificial neural network. Results of object position measurement obtained in works leading to the paper show that neural processing is helpful in better accuracy of the object positioning, than direct image processing.

关键词： optical tomography neural processing

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Does Partisan Bias Modulate neural processing of Political Information? An Analysis of the neural Correlates of Corruption and Positive Messages

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POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020年第1期41卷 145-164页

作者： Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto Venkatraman, Vinod Sanchez-Fernandez, Juan Luque-Martinez, Teodoro Madrid Open Univ Madrid Spain Temple Univ Philadelphia PA 19122 USA Univ Granada Granada Spain

Daily worldwide newspapers print articles exposing government corruption. Yet these messages do not lead to a loss of votes for the corrupt parties. Sympathizers' partisan bias, which respectively minimizes and maximizes corruption and positive messages of their own parties respectively, is widely considered the main cause of the loss of effectiveness of political communications. Despite the well-established existence of such bias when processing political information, little is known as to its psychological origin. Through the use of neuroscience (fMRI), this study explores the underlying brain mechanisms of negative (corruption) and positive political messages related to a conservative and a socialist Spanish political party, as well as the differences between their sympathizers. The findings reveal that negative (vs. positive) political messages exert the greatest neuroimaging impact on the electorate, as shown in aversive, risk, and disappointment-related brain regions. Interestingly, we show that there exists a main partisan bias against opposite parties (and not a positive bias toward one's own party) that stems from a higher risk, ambiguity, and disbelief provoked by both positive and negative information about rival parties. Furthermore, this bias was more pronounced among conservative supporters. The current findings provide valuable insights for political parties to improve their communication campaigns.

关键词： corruption fMRI neural processing partisan bias positive communication

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Face and face pareidolia in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy indicates diferent neural processing:an event-related potential study

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Acta Epileptologica 2024年第4期7卷 276-286页

作者： Gülsüm Akdeniz Sadiye Gumusyayla Gonul Vural Orhan Deniz Pınar Özışık Department of Biophysics Department of NeuroscienceFaculty of MedicineAnkara Yildirim Beyazit Universityand Yenimahalle Training and Research HospitalAnkara 06018Turkey Department of Neurology Faculty of MedicineAnkara Yildirim Beyazit UniversityAnkara 06801Turkey Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of MedicineAnkara Yildirim Beyaziat UniversityAnkara 06800Turkey

Background Visual perception of face images or face pareidolia can be evaluated with event-related potentials(ERP)for healthy subjects and patients with neurological *** this study,we aimed to analyse event-related potential components such as P100,N100,N170,and vertex-positive potential(VPP)in response to face pareidolia perception in temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)*** ERPs were recorded during the pareidolia *** were analzyed and current source density(CSD)maps were *** CSD profles were shown to be interpretable when face and face pareidolia conditions.N100,P100,and N170 components showed larger amplitudes and longer latency in epilepsy patients in response to face pareidolia stimuli compared to real face ***,the N170 component latency did not difer signifcantly between epilepsy patients and healthy participants,while the larger amplitude and longer latency of N100 and P100 responses were evoked in healthy *** Our results indicate a diference in the neural mechanisms of processing real face information and pareidolia face-like information in TLE patients.

关键词： Face pareidolia Pareidolia Temporal lobe epilepsy N170 Face neural processing

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