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Adoption of low-code and no-code development: A systematic literature review and future research agenda

JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2025年 222卷

作者： Ajimati, Matthew Oladeji Carroll, Noel Maher, Mary Univ Galway JE Cairnes Sch Business & Econ Business Informat Syst Galway Ireland

Context: Low-code/no-code (LCNC) is an emerging technology trend that extends software development beyond professionalsoftware engineers, making it accessible to individuals throughout organizations and society. Objective: We aim to provide a systematic review of the current research on the adoption of LCNC technologies within citizen development (CD) practices for digital transformation (DT), and to propose a research agenda for this field. Method: This review is primarily conducted using a multi-phase systematic literature review of publications from the past five years, i.e., between 2017 and 2023. Results: We identified 40 primary studies that describes the application of LCNC development and CD practices, the theoretical lenses/frameworks used, and the associated benefits and challenges. Conclusion: In this study, we present three key contributions. First, we provide a comprehensive review of the benefits, challenges, theoretical perspectives, and methods used to explore LCNC and CD adoption. Second, we introduce a framework designed to guide managers in effectively adopting LCNC and CD practices. Finally, our systematic review uncovers gaps in existing research and identifies opportunities for further exploration, which paves the way for a future research agenda.

关键词： Citizen development Low-code no-code Digital transformation Systematic literature review

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Customizing Avatars to Enable no-code Telerehabilitation Movement Therapy

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COMPUTER ANIMATION AND VIRTUAL WORLDS 2025年第1期36卷

作者： Cheng, Po-Hsun Chen, Li-Wei Chen, Pin-Rong Chao, Shih-Yueh Liu, Tzu-Yin Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ Dept Software Engn & Management Kaohsiung Taiwan Natl Kaohsiung Normal Univ Informat Educ Ctr Kaohsiung Taiwan

While numerous motion capture tools have emerged, scarcer are solutions tailored for code-free utilization environments. An intuitive no-code interface promises greater accessibility for diverse user groups. Guided by this premise, the myKLA2 toolkit incorporates integrated decoder, editor, and player components tailored for code-free motion development workflows. Leveraging cyber-physical system principles, the software enables users to customize digital avatars by selecting from a large repository of sharable 3D VRM models. Additionally, McCabe's cyclomatic complexity analysis facilitated iterative refactoring to optimize system capabilities and toolset performance. Advanced joint tracking and motion capture algorithms enable precise avatar animation mirroring user movements in real-time. A human-readable JSON format facilitates configurable behavior encoding and exchange. This research demonstrates the system's potential as a versatile no-code toolkit for rapid development and design across healthcare, education, and other domains. By automating core tasks like motion tracking configuration, sensor calibration, and basic quantitative assessments, this tool promises to streamline therapist workflows in telerehabilitation.

关键词： cyber-physical systems cyclomatic complexity motion capture no-code software design telehabilitation web-based application

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Automated and code-free development of a risk calculator using ChatGPT-4 for predicting diabetic retinopathy and macular edema without retinal imaging

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International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2025年第1期11卷 1-14页

作者： Choi, Eun Young Choi, Joon Yul Yoo, Tae Keun Department of Ophthalmology Institute of Vision Research Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Yonsei University Wonju South Korea Department of Ophthalmology Hangil Eye Hospital 35 Bupyeong-Daero Bupyeong-Gu Incheon 21388 South Korea

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular edema (DME) are critical causes of vision loss in patients with diabetes. In many communities, access to ophthalmologists and retinal imaging equipment is limited, making screening for diabetic retinal complications difficult in primary health care centers. We investigated whether ChatGPT-4, an advanced large-language-model chatbot, can develop risk calculators for DR and DME using health check-up tabular data without the need for retinal imaging or coding experience. Methods: Data-driven prediction models were developed using medical history and laboratory blood test data from diabetic patients in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). The dataset was divided into training (KNHANES 2017–2020) and validation (KNHANES 2021) datasets. ChatGPT-4 was used to build prediction formulas for DR and DME and developed a web-based risk calculator tool. Logistic regression analysis was performed by ChatGPT-4 to predict DR and DME, followed by the automatic generation of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) code for the web-based tool. The performance of the models was evaluated using areas under the curves of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUCs). Results: ChatGPT-4 successfully developed a risk calculator for DR and DME, operational on a web browser without any coding experience. The validation set showed ROC-AUCs of 0.786 and 0.835 for predicting DR and DME, respectively. The performance of the ChatGPT-4 developed models was comparable to those created using various machine-learning tools. Conclusion: By utilizing ChatGPT-4 with code-free prompts, we overcame the technical barriers associated with using coding skills for developing prediction models, making it feasible to build a risk calculator for DR and DME prediction. Our approach offers an easily accessible tool for the risk prediction of DM and DME in diabetic patients during health check-ups, without the need for retinal imaging.

关键词： ChatGPT-4 code-free prompt Diabetic macular edema Diabetic retinopathy no-code Risk calculator

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EasySMPC: a simple but powerful no-code tool for practical secure multiparty computation

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BMC BIOINFORMATICS 2022年第1期23卷 1-17页

作者： Wirth, Felix Nikolaus Kussel, Tobias Mueller, Armin Hamacher, Kay Prasser, Fabian Charite Univ Med Berlin Berlin Inst Hlth Med Informat Grp Charitepl 1 D-10117 Berlin Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt Computat Biol & Simulat Darmstadt Germany

Background: Modern biomedical research is data-driven and relies heavily on the re-use and sharing of data. Biomedical data, however, is subject to strict data protection requirements. Due to the complexity of the data required and the scale of data use, obtaining informed consent is often infeasible. Other methods, such as anonymization or federation, in turn have their own limitations. Secure multi-party computation (SMPC) is a cryptographic technology for distributed calculations, which brings formally provable security and privacy guarantees and can be used to implement a wide-range of analytical approaches. As a relatively new technology, SMPC is still rarely used in real-world biomedical data sharing activities due to several barriers, including its technical complexity and lack of usability. Results: To overcome these barriers, we have developed the tool EasySMPC, which is implemented in Java as a cross-platform, stand-alone desktop application provided as open-source software. The tool makes use of the SMPC method Arithmetic Secret Sharing, which allows to securely sum up pre-defined sets of variables among different parties in two rounds of communication (input sharing and output reconstruction) and integrates this method into a graphical user interface. No additional software services need to be set up or configured, as EasySMPC uses the most widespread digital communication channel available: e-mails. No cryptographic keys need to be exchanged between the parties and e-mails are exchanged automatically by the software. To demonstrate the practicability of our solution, we evaluated its performance in a wide range of data sharing scenarios. The results of our evaluation show that our approach is scalable (summing up 10,000 variables between 20 parties takes less than 300 s) and that the number of participants is the essential factor. Conclusions: We have developed an easy-to-use "no-code solution " for performing secure joint calculations on biomedical dat

关键词： Secure multi-party computation SMPC Secret sharing GMW protocol User experience no-code Joint calculations

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Design of blockchain-based applications using model-driven engineering and low-code/no-code platforms: a structured literature review

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SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING 2023年第6期22卷 1857-1895页

作者： Curty, Simon Harer, Felix Fill, Hans-Georg Univ Fribourg Digitalizat & Informat Syst Grp Bd Perolles 90 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland

The creation of blockchain-based software applications requires today considerable technical knowledge, particularly in software design and programming. This is regarded as a major barrier in adopting this technology in business and making it accessible to a wider audience. As a solution, low-code and no-code approaches have been proposed that require only little or no programming knowledge for creating full-fledged software applications. In this paper we extend a review of academic approaches from the discipline of model-driven engineering as well as industrial low-code and no-code development platforms for blockchains. This includes a content-based, computational analysis of relevant academic papers and the derivation of major topics. In addition, the topics were manually evaluated and refined. Based on these analyses we discuss the spectrum of approaches in this field and derive opportunities for further research.

关键词： Blockchain Low-code no-code Model-driven engineering Software development

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Challenges of Low-code/no-code Software Development: A Literature Review 21st

Challenges of Low-Code/No-Code Software Development: A Liter...

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21st International Conference on Perspectives in Business Informatics Research (BIR) - Business Informatics for Sustainable Innovation

作者： Rokis, Karlis Kirikova, Marite Riga Tech Univ Inst Appl Comp Syst Riga Latvia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031169465;9783031169472

Low-code/no-code software development is an emerging approach delivering the opportunity to build software with a minimal need for manual coding and enhancing the involvement of non-programmers in software development. Low-code principles allow enterprises to save time and costs through a more rapid development pace and to improve software products quality by bringing closer together business and information technologies as well as promoting automation. Nevertheless, the low-code/no-code approach is a relatively new and continuously progressing domain that requires understanding of existing challenges and identification of improvement directions. In this paper, challenges in the low-code software development process and suggestions for their mitigation are identified and amalgamated with the purpose to deliver insights into the current state of the low-code/no-code development process and identify areas for further research and development.

关键词： Low-code no-code Software development Requirements Low-code development platform Citizen developer

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PromptDeck: A no-code Platform for Modular Prompt Engineering 24

PromptDeck: A No-Code Platform for Modular Prompt Engineerin...

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ACM/IEEE 27th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings (MODELS)

作者： Bucchiarone, Antonio Panciera, Marco Cicchetti, Antonio Mana, Nadia Castelluccio, Carlotta Stott, Lee Fdn Bruno Kessler Trento Italy Univ Trento Trento Italy Malardalen Univ IDT Vasteras Sweden Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706226

This paper introduces a no-code platform for modular prompt engineering, designed to democratize access to generative AI for non-developers. By integrating advanced technologies such as ***, Express, MongoDB, and Azure OpenAI services, the platform provides a robust and flexible environment for creating and managing AI-driven tasks. The intuitive frontend, built with React and TypeScript, enables users with minimal coding expertise to design, execute, and evaluate complex AI workflows. A key feature of the platform is its extensible plugin system, which allows users to easily incorporate additional functionalities to meet their specific needs. This no-code approach empowers a broader audience to harness the power of generative AI, fostering innovation and enabling diverse applications across various fields. By lowering the technical barriers, the platform paves the way for widespread adoption of AI technologies, driving the future of AI-enhanced solutions.

关键词： Low-code Development Platforms no-code Generative AI Prompt Engineering Modularization

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The Pareto Distribution of Software Features and no-code 1

The Pareto Distribution of Software Features and No-Code

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1st International Workshop on Beyond code: No code (BCNC)

作者： ElBatanony, Ahmed Succi, Giancarlo Innopolis Univ Innopolis Tatarstan Russia

This research analyzes the top-performing software applications to identify the Pareto distribution of the features and accordingly proposes the use of no-code tools to increase the efficiency of software developers.

ISBN: (纸本)9781450391252

关键词： no-code Pareto distribution Software Features

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Automated Regression Tests: A no-code Approach for BPMN-based Process-Driven Applications 25

Automated Regression Tests: A No-Code Approach for BPMN-base...

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25th IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (IEEE EDOC)

作者： Schneid, Konrad Stapper, Leon Thoene, Sebastian Kuchen, Herbert Munster Univ Appl Sci Munster Germany Univ Munster Munster Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781665435796

BPMN-based Process-Driven Applications (PDA) require less coding since they are not only based on source code, but also on executable process models. Automated testing of such model-driven applications gains growing relevance, and it becomes a key enabler if we want to found their development on continuous integration (CI) techniques. While process analysts are typically responsible for test case specifications from a business perspective, technically skilled process engineers take the responsibility for implementing the required test code. This is time-consuming and, due to their often different skills and backgrounds, might result in communication problems such as information losses and misunderstandings. This paper presents a new approach which enables an analyst to generate executable tests for PDAs without the need for manual coding. It consists of a sophisticated model analysis, a wizard-based specification of test cases, and a subsequent code generation. The resulting tests can easily be integrated into CI pipelines. The concept is underpinned by a user-friendly tool which has been evaluated in case studies and in real-world implementation projects from different industry sectors. During the evaluation, the prototype proved a more efficient test creation process and a higher test quality.

关键词： Model-Based Testing BPMN no-code Process-Driven Application

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Towards the no-code Era: A Vision and Plan for the Future of Software Development 1

Towards the No-Code Era: A Vision and Plan for the Future of...

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1st International Workshop on Beyond code: No code (BCNC)

作者： ElBatanony, Ahmed Succi, Giancarlo Innopolis Univ Innopolis Tatarstan Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450391252

This paper provides a highly opinionated and biased vision and a two-stage plan with guidelines to reach a new era of software development, where anyone can create software without bothering to write code. Moreover, this paper explores in depth the first of these stages, which consists of creating a no-code tool based on six principles: configuration driven development, APIs, open-source, cross-platform, cloud computing, and design systems. An examination of each principle is presented and a case is made for why such a combination of principles would lay the foundation for future development efforts [28]. Possible enquiries are addressed and a path is laid out for future works.

关键词： no-code Configuration Driven Development API Cloud Computing Design Systems Cross-platform Open-source

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