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Met and unmet need for medical gender affirmation in the Australian non-binary community

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH 2025年第2期26卷 305-316页

作者： Zwickl, Sav Ruggles, Tomi Sheahan, Stephanie Murray, Joel Grace, Julian Ginger, Ariel Wong, Alex Fang Qi Cheung, Ada S. Univ Melbourne Dept Med Austin Hlth Trans Hlth Res Grp Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Melbourne Dept Anat & Physiol Melbourne Vic Australia Neophile Sydney NSW Australia Dept Endocrinol Gender Clin Austin Hlth Melbourne Vic Australia Austin Hlth 145 Studley Rd Heidelberg Vic Australia

Background: There is a widely held assumption that non-binary people do not, or rarely, pursue gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) or gender-affirming surgery (GAS), however, little is known about the medical gender affirmation needs of non-binary people in ***: This study aimed to assess the rates of met and unmet need for GAHT and GAS amongst a community sample of non-binary people in Australia. Methods: This online, cross-sectional survey was open to non-binary people, living in Australia and aged >= 16 years between 11 June 2021 and 21 April 2022. Survey questions assessed history of and desire for GAHT and GAS. Outcomes: The main outcome measures were rates and types of GAHT and GAS that were desired and accessed. Results: Of 271 non-binary respondents, 80.4% were presumed female at birth (PFAB) and 19.6% were presumed male at birth (PMAB). Respondents ranged from 16-68 years of age, with a median age of 28 years (IQR 23, 34). In respondents PFAB, there was 63.1% total need for GAHT, and in those respondents who reported need for GAHT, the rate of unmet need was 8.8%. Over half of respondents PFAB reported need for GAS (52.8%) and in those respondents, the rate of unmet need was 43.4%. In respondents PMAB, there was 77.3% total need for GAHT, and in those respondents who reported need for GAHT, the rate of unmet need was 14.6%. One third of respondents PMAB (32.1%) reported need for GAS, and in those respondents, the rate of unmet need was 82.4%. Conclusion: Given the frequency with which non-binary people desire and access medical gender-affirmation, healthcare professionals urgently require additional training, to increase awareness about the variety of medical affirmation options and how to provide good quality, patient-centred care to improve psychological functioning and quality of life for non-binary people.

关键词： Gender-affirming hormones gender-affirming surgery genderqueer non-binary transgender

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Experiences of menopause among non-binary and trans people

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH 2025年第2期26卷 447-458页

作者： Toze, Michael Westwood, Sue Univ Lincoln Lincoln Med Sch Lincoln England Univ York York Law Sch York England

BackgroundConventional categorizations of menopause can be difficult to apply to trans, gender non-conforming and non-binary (TGNB) populations. Menopause has biological, psychological and social meanings that may be hard to clearly apply within a context of diverse experiences of sex and gender. nonetheless, some TGNB people do experience menopause, and their experiences may be different from those of other groups due to those diverse biopsychosocial understandings and *** paper thematically analyses the responses of 15 TGNB respondents who responded to a larger survey about LGBTQ+ experiences of *** key themes were identified: Menopause and embodied identities, and Navigating gender normativity and gender binarism. The first of these contains two sub-themes, shifting and (un)settled gender identities, and embodied dis/connections with *** findings appear to be comparatively novel within the published academic literature but potentially have some parallels with prior observations regarding interactions between puberty and gender identity, and also regarding TGNB people's experiences of challenges in navigating other health and life experiences normatively understood as female. These explorations raise a number of potentially sensitive questions, given the current debate and controversies around gender, sex and identity. nonetheless, they point to a need for further research and practice into menopause that is inclusive and supportive of a range of gender and sexual identities.

关键词： Menopause transgender non-binary Experiences

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Gender-affirming orchiectomy in transgender and non-binary individuals: A large cohort study with middle- to long-term follow-up

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSGENDER HEALTH 2025年第2期26卷 459-463页

作者： van der Sluis, Wouter B. Smit, Jan Maerten Schaefer, Tim Bouman, Mark-Bram Amsterdam Univ Med Ctr Dept Plast Reconstruct & Hand Surg Amsterdam Netherlands Amsterdam Univ Med Ctr Ctr Expertise Gender Dysphoria Locat VUmc Amsterdam Netherlands Gender Clin Dept Plast Surg Bosch En Duin Netherlands Univ Groningen Univ Med Ctr Groningen Dept Plast Surg Groningen Netherlands

Introduction Some transgender individuals opt for gender-affirming orchiectomy. Data on postoperative outcomes in the transgender population are scarce. Methods All individuals who underwent gender-affirming orchiectomy between 01-2010 and 01-2024 were retrospectively identified at two centers that provide surgical transgender care. Individual demographics, motivations, intra- and postoperative complications, reoperations and postoperative regret were recorded. Surgical risk factors were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 119 individuals were retrospectively identified with a median clinical follow-up of 2.3 years (range 0.3-9.4). A total of 109 identified as transgender woman, eight as non-binary and two as agender. 18 (15%) individuals opted for sperm cryopreservation before surgery. The postoperative course was without complications in 102 (86%) individuals. Complications comprised hemorrhage (n = 5, 4%, Clavien-Dindo 3b) and abscess formation (n = 7, 6%, Clavien-Dindo 2), (n = 1), 3a (n = 3) and 3b (n = 3))). In the follow-up time, seven individuals underwent vaginoplasty, two vulvoplasty and two were on the waiting list for vaginoplasty. There were no cases of regret. A BMI >35 was identified as risk factor for infectious complications (p = .045, OR 9.8, 95% CI 1.0-99.3). Discussion Gender-affirming orchiectomy is a simple and safe procedure. It can be performed as standalone gender-affirming surgical procedure, or as bridge to another gender-affirming procedure.

关键词： Gender dysphoria gGAS non-binary orchiectomy transgender

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Perception of non-binary social media users towards authentic non-binary social media influencers

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COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2025年 163卷

作者： Meston, Madison Williams, David E. Univ Saskatchewan Edwards Sch Business Dept Management & Mkt Saskatoon SK S7N 5A7 Canada

This paper explores an authentic way for brands to connect with the non-binary community, an understudied and underserved audience. With a call for better representation, this study is the first to investigate what role nonbinary social media influencers (SMIs) may play in filling this gap. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, non-binary social media users were interviewed on their perceptions, thoughts, and feelings of nonbinary SMIs. Three superordinate themes were discovered: (1) Motivations for following non-binary SMIs, (2) Popularity Factors of non-binary SMIs, and (3) Representation of the community through non-binary SMIs. The findings may be paired with existing literature to provide a basis for future research on influencer marketing to the non-binary community.

关键词： Social media influencers non-binary Gender Identity

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Degendering Menstruation: A Scoping Review Exploring the Experiences of Transgender and non-binary People

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JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2025年第5期72卷 812-840页

作者： Bigalky, Jodie Mackey, April Safaralizadeh, Tannaz Petrucka, Pammla Univ Saskatchewan Coll Nursing Saskatoon SK Canada Univ Saskatchewan Sch Publ Hlth Saskatoon SK Canada

Menstruation is a biological process experienced by up to 800 million people on any given day. Historically, menstruation has been studied from the female perspective. However, it should be considered that not all who menstruate are women. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the status of evidence on transgender and non-binary individuals' experiences with menstruation. Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework for conducting a scoping study was used to guide this review. The authors used five steps of the six-step process to identify the research problem and search strategy, select studies based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, extract key information from five selected studies, and chart, summarize, and report the results as themes. The analysis resulted in the identification of four themes: (1) gender dysphoria and the influence on identity;(2) menstrual management and transformation as a turning point;(3) managing menstruation in precarious spaces;and (4) moving toward an open dialogue. Findings suggest a need for awareness of diverse and inclusive menstrual experiences. Inclusive advertising and menstrual products are needed to support transgender and non-binary people and reduce gender dysphoria. Policy initiatives should support the reconceptualization of infrastructure so that bathrooms are safe and comfortable places. Future opportunities for research exploring menstrual management within transgender and non-binary populations with emphasis on global research with diverse cultures and social structures is necessary to address gaps in the existing literature.

关键词： Menstruation menstrual hygiene management period poverty transgender non-binary scoping review

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Representation of Young non-binary Characters in Mainstream Fiction

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ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2025年第3期54卷 1199-1215页

作者： Blanco-Fernandez, Vitor Akinmade, Sikemi Soto-Sanfiel, Maria T. Pompeu Fabra Univ Dept Commun Roc Boronat 138Off 53-914 Barcelona 08018 Spain Natl Univ Singapore Dept Commun & New Media Singapore Singapore

This study characterizes the depiction of young non-binary characters in mainstream fiction. It presents the results of a close-reading analysis of four non-binary characters from different cultural contexts that appeared in Netflix's English-language catalog in November 2023: Cal from Sex Education (UK), Darren from Heartbreak High (Australia), Syd from One Day at a Time (USA), and Yael from Degrassi: Next Class (Canada). The analysis observed aspects of their identity, embodiment, attitude, context, social interactions, and development. The findings reveal patterns that confirm the existence of non-binary stereotypes in the media, as well as divergent features that could be considered manifestations of diversity across Western contexts, thus contributing to a more detailed understanding of the mental models of non-binary individuals that are shared across different cultural contexts.

关键词： non-binary Representation Stereotypes TV/Media Youth Gender identity

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HIV Testing and PrEP Use Among Trans and/or non-binary Participants in the TASG Study, a Participatory Study in Germany

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AIDS AND BEHAVIOR 2025年第5期29卷 1608-1618页

作者： Koppe, Uwe Hamm, Jonas A. Spurgat, Chris Hahne, Alexander Saalfeld, Robin K. Garcia, Manuel Ricardo Bremer, Viviane Poege, Kathleen TASG study group, Teo Robert Koch Inst Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol Seestr 10 D-13353 Berlin Germany Deutsch Aidshilfe DAH Berlin Germany Freelance Sex Educator & Bodyworker Hamburg Germany Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena Dept Sociol Jena Germany Freelance architect trans activist antiracist acti Munich Germany Robert Koch Inst Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Monitoring Berlin Germany

HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are recommended in Germany for individuals at increased HIV risk. However, data on HIV testing, PrEP use, and PrEP knowledge among trans and non-binary people are limited. We analysed data from the 'Sexuelle Gesundheit in trans und nicht-bin & auml;ren Communitys' (TASG) study, a participatory study on HIV/STI and sexual health among trans and non-binary people in Germany. The study was designed, promoted, and analysed with active involvement of community members. Participants were invited to complete an anonymous online survey between 1 March and 1 July 2022. The outcomes included HIV testing within the last 5 years, PrEP use, and PrEP-specific knowledge. Predictors for HIV testing were identified using a bootstrap stepwise selection procedure. Among 2468 HIV-negative participants with information on potential HIV risks, 21.5% had potential needs for HIV testing and PrEP. Of these, only 44.3% (208/470, missing: 60) reported testing for HIV within the last 5 years. Older participants, those living in larger cities, and those with higher education levels were more likely to have tested for HIV. Additionally, only 8.3% (38/459, missing: 71) reported ever using PrEP. Among 451 participants with potential PrEP needs (missing: 79), only 57.4% knew at least one of three key PrEP-related facts at the time of the survey. Our findings highlight substantial gaps in HIV testing and prevention among trans and non-binary individuals in Germany with potential needs for these services. Reducing barriers to testing and prevention is essential to enable broader access to these critical services.

关键词： Trans non-binary HIV testing PrEP

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Mental Health Care for Transgender and non-binary Adults: An Investigation of Affirmative Practice, Therapy Experiences and Outcomes, and Reasons for Treatment Termination

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SEXUALITY RESEARCH AND SOCIAL POLICY 2025年 1-13页

作者： Pepping, Christopher A. Cronin, Timothy J. Davis, Andrew W. Griffith Univ Sch Appl Psychol Brisbane Qld 4222 Australia La Trobe Univ Sch Psychol & Publ Hlth Melbourne Australia

IntroductionIt is widely acknowledged that mental health services should be affirming and tailored to meet the needs of TNB people, though only limited research has addressed this empirically. This study examined mental health help-seeking experiences of TNB adults and tested whether, and how, TNB-affirming practice predicts therapy *** sample of 232 TNB therapy clients (M age = 26.98 years) completed a questionnaire assessing treatment characteristics and experiences, ratings of affirmative therapy practice, aspects of the therapeutic relationship, and therapy outcomes. Data were collected in 2018 from a sample of TNB individuals living in ***, stress, and anxiety were the most commonly cited reasons for seeking help, and a sizeable proportion also sought help for gender-related factors. TNB-affirmative practice was associated with greater client satisfaction and greater therapy effectiveness;these associations were mediated by aspects of the therapeutic alliance. The most frequently cited reason for treatment termination was a lack of practitioner understanding, and only 22% of those who had terminated treatment did so because their problems had been *** suggest the extent to which mental health professionals are TNB-affirming has important implications for the outcomes of mental health support among TNB individuals. Results also point to unmet mental health needs that are at least partially related to a lack of affirmative mental health *** ImplicationsFindings support recommendations for affirming and inclusive mental health services and suggest that the therapeutic alliance may be one mechanism through which affirmative practice could enhance therapy outcomes. We discuss policy and professional practice implications and highlight the need for further research focused on developing and testing the efficacy of tailored therapy interventions for TNB adults.

关键词： Transgender non-binary Affirmative therapy Therapeutic relationship Mental health Therapy

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Helping to destigmatise the use of period products for trans, masculine presenting, non-binary and gender diverse (TMNG) consumers through an inclusive communication design framework

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CULTURE HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2025年第3期27卷 321-337页

作者： Connory, Jane Tyagi, Shivani Swinburne Univ Technol Sch Design & Architecture Melbourne Vic Australia

This study aimed to understand the experiences that trans, masculine presenting, non-binary and gender diverse (TMNG) people who menstruate have with period product packaging and marketing, and identified opportunities for improvement through an inclusive communication design framework. Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with nine TMNG consumers, allies and advocates. These revealed positive and negative experiences with the current design of period product packaging and marketing throughout the entire 'user journey', including purchasing, use and disposal. A thematic analysis of the interviews confirmed that problems exist with the lack of representation through imagery and language on period product packaging and marketing. The resulting three themes were engaged with to develop an inclusive communication design framework that included: the need for an improvement in the physical experience of periods;the need for improved mental health and emotional relationship to periods;and the need for the consideration of broader social issues such as sustainability and accessibility in relation to period product packaging and marketing.

关键词： Trans non-binary masculine presenting gender diverse inclusive communication design period products

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Belonging beyond the binary: the positive experiences of visible non-binary and genderqueer individuals in the workplace

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EQUALITY DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION 2025年第2期44卷 158-173页

作者： Trotter, Megan Yates, Julia City Univ London Psychol Dept London England

PurposeThe number of people being identified as non-binary and genderqueer (NBGQ) is rapidly increasing, but the literature offers scant guidance for organisations aiming to offer these workers an inclusive environment in which they feel that they belong. This study explores how the positive experiences of NBGQ individuals contribute to their sense of belonging in the ***/methodology/approachIn-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five participants, exploring their positive experiences of belonging at work and the data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).FindingsThree higher-order themes were created: allowing authenticity;social support and creating inclusive culture. Findings from this study suggest that NBGQ authenticity, perceived colleague social support and the proactive creation of inclusive organisational cultures interact to develop a sense of belonging for NBGQ individuals in the ***/valueEmpirical studies on the experiences of non-binary people at work are almost non-existent. Existing research predominantly explores the negative experiences of NBGQ individuals as a subset of a transgender demographic. This article focuses specifically on the experiences of NBGQ workers and thus contributes to filling this gap in the literature.

关键词： Interpretative phenomenological analysis non-binary Belonging at work Gender-queer

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