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Joint timing recovery and decoding algorithms for non-binary ldpc coded systems

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 2013年第4期23卷 1115-1120页

作者： Huang, Kechao Zhang, Dalong Zhao, Shancheng Ma, Xiao Sun Yat Sen Univ Dept Elect & Commun Engn Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong Peoples R China Inst Informat Sci & Technol Dept Commun Engn Zhengzhou 450002 Peoples R China

In this paper, we present two joint timing recovery and decoding algorithms for non-binary lowdensity parity-check (ldpc) coded systems. To estimate the timing offset, the first algorithm utilizes the percentage of the satisfied check nodes (SCNs), while the second algorithm utilizes the soft decision metrics (SDMs). Both SCNs and SDMs are fed back from the ldpc decoder, which can be implemented by either the well-known q-ary sum-product algorithm (QSPA) or other low complexity algorithms, such as the X-EMS algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms suffer from a little performance degradation compared with the perfect timing system. Simulation results also show that X-EMS algorithms aided by the timing recovery algorithm using SDMs outperform QSPA aided by the timing recovery algorithm using SCNs, but with a much lower complexity. This implies that the performance is mainly affected by the timing recovery algorithms. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iterative timing recovery non-binary ldpc codes Q-ary sum-product algorithm (QSPA) X-EMS algorithms

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Iterative Decoding Algorithms for a Class of non-binary Two-Step Majority-Logic Decodable Cyclic codes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2014年第6期62卷 1779-1789页

作者： Chang, Hsiu-Chi Chang, Hsie-Chia Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Natl Chiao Tung Univ Inst Elect Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

This paper presents two iterative decoding algorithms for a class of non-binary two-step majority-logic (NB-TS-MLG) decodable cyclic codes. A partial parallel decoding scheme is also introduced to provide a balanced trade-off between decoding speed and storage requirements. Unlike non-binary one-step MLG decodable cyclic codes, the Tanner graphs of which are 4-cycle-free, NB-TS-MLG decodable cyclic codes contain a large number of short cycles of length 4, which tend to degrade decoding performance. The proposed algorithms utilize the orthogonal structure of the parity-check matrices of the codes to resolve the degrading effects of the short cycles of length 4. Simulation results demonstrate that the NB-TS-MLG decodable cyclic codes decoded with the proposed algorithms offer coding gains as much as 2.5 dB over Reed-Solomon codes of the same lengths and rates decoded with either hard-decision or algebraic soft decision decoding.

关键词： Extended min-sum algorithm majority-logic decoding non-binary ldpc codes cyclic codes

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Analysis of Stopping Constellation Distribution for Irregular non-binary ldpc Code Ensemble

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2011年第11期E94A卷 2153-2160页

作者： Nozaki, Takayuki Kasai, Kenta Sakaniwa, Kohichi Tokyo Inst Technol Dept Commun & Integrated Syst Tokyo 1528550 Japan

The fixed points of the belief propagation decoder for non-binary low-density parity-check (ldpc) codes are referred to as stopping constellations. In this paper, we give the stopping constellation distributions for the irregular non-binary ldpc code ensembles defined over the general linear group. Moreover, we derive the exponential growth rate of the average stopping constellation distributions in the limit of large code-length.

关键词： non-binary ldpc codes stopping constellation

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Optimal power distribution in non-binary ldpc code-based cooperative wireless networks

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COMPUTER NETWORKS 2016年 100卷 157-165页

作者： Melo, Bruna L. R. Cunha, Daniel C. Pimentel, Cecilio Third Ctr Integrated Air Def & Air Traff Control Ave Centenario Alberto Santos Dumont S-N BR-51250000 Recife PE Brazil Fed Univ Pernambuco UFPE Ctr Informat CIn Ave Jornalista Anibal Fernandes S-N BR-50740560 Recife PE Brazil Fed Univ Pernambuco UFPE Dept Elect & Syst DES Ave Arquitetura S-N BR-50740560 Recife PE Brazil

This work analyzes the optimal power allocation in coded cooperative communication systems with a single relay and using the amplify-and-forward protocol. non-binary low density parity-check (ldpc) codes are used at the source and a fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based decoding algorithm is employed at the destination. We study the power distribution between the source and the relay based on the minimization of the ldpc bit error rate (BER) performance at the destination as well as on the information theoretic measures such as the channel capacity and outage probabilities, The optimal power allocation estimated by the ldpc performance simulation corresponds to the capacity/outage probability results. In addition, BER comparisons of the coded systems (cooperative and noncooperative) are carried out for some typical cooperative scenarios. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel capacity Cooperative communications Flat fading channels non-binary ldpc codes Outage probability Power optimization

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An Efficient NB-ldpc Decoder Architecture for Space Telecommand Links

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS 2021年第4期68卷 1213-1217页

作者： Alvarez, Angel Fernandez, Victor Matuz, Balazs Univ Cantabria Microelect Engn Grp Santander 39005 Spain German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Commun & Nav D-82234 Webling Germany

In the framework of error correction in space telecommand (TC) links, the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) currently recommends short block-length BCH and binary low-density parity-check (ldpc) codes. Other alternatives have been discarded due to their high decoding complexity, such as non-binary ldpc (NB-ldpc) codes. NB-ldpc codes perform better than their binary counterparts over AWGN and jamming channels, being great candidates for space communications. We show the feasibility of NB-ldpc coding for space TC applications by proposing a highly efficient decoding architecture. The proposed decoder is implemented for a (128,64) NB-ldpc code over GF(16) and the design is particularized for a space-certified Virtex-5QV FPGA. The results prove that NB-ldpc coding is an alternative that outperforms the standardized binary ldpc, with a coding gain of 0.7 dB at a reasonable implementation cost. Given that the maximum rate for TC recommended by the CCSDS is 2 Mbps, the proposed architecture achieves a throughput of 2.03 Mbps using only 9615 LUTs and 5637 FFs (no dedicated memories are used). In addition, this architecture is suitable for any regular (2,4) NB-ldpc (128,64) code over GF(16) independently of the H matrix, allowing flexibility in the choice of the code. This brief places NB-ldpc codes as the excellent candidates for future versions of the telecommand uplink standard.

关键词： Decoding Computer architecture Encoding Complexity theory Iterative decoding Throughput VLSI design FPGA non-binary ldpc codes decoder architecture space communications

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Low-Complexity Channel-Likelihood Estimation for non-binary codes and QAM

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2012年第6期16卷 801-804页

作者： He, Guanghua Sarkis, Gabi Hemati, Saied Gross, Warren J. Bai, Baoming Xidian Univ State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xian 710071 Peoples R China McGill Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Montreal PQ H3A 2A7 Canada

An approximate channel-likelihood estimation algorithm is introduced for non-binary coded, square quadrature-amplitude-modulated systems. It is shown that the proposed approximation greatly simplifies the calculation of channel-likelihoods and yet provides results close to those based on exact calculations for non-binary low-density parity-check codes over the additive white Gaussian noise channel.

关键词： Channel-likelihoods non-binary ldpc codes QAM

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A Systolic LLR Generation Architecture for non-binary ldpc Decoders

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2011年第8期15卷 851-853页

作者： Al Ghouwayel, Ali Boutillon, Emmanuel Univ Europeenne Bretagne Lab STICC CNRS UBS F-56100 Lorient France

non-binary ldpc codes offer higher performances than their binary counterpart but suffer from higher decoding complexity. A solution to reduce the decoding complexity is to use the Extended Min-Sum algorithm. The first step of this algorithm requires the generation of the first n(m) largest Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR), sorted in increasing order, of each received symbol. In the case where GF(q) symbols are transmitted using a BPSK modulation, we propose a simple systolic architecture that generates the sorted list of symbols.

关键词： non-binary ldpc codes Extended Min-Sum algorithm systolic architecture

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Optimized Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform on GPUs for non-binary ldpc decoding

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PARALLEL COMPUTING 2014年第9期40卷 449-453页

作者： Andrade, Joao Falcao, Gabriel Silva, Vitor Univ Coimbra Inst Telecomunicacoes Dept Elect & Comp Engn P-3030290 Coimbra Portugal

The Fourier Transform Sum-Product Algorithm (FT-SPA) used in non-binary Low-Density Parity-Check (ldpc) decoding makes extensive use of the Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT). We have developed a massively parallel Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform (FWHT) which exploits the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) pipeline and memory hierarchy, thereby minimizing the level of memory bank conflicts and maximizing the number of returned instructions per clock cycle for different generations of graphics processors, with considerable speedup gains in FT-SPA based non-binary ldpc decoding. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： non-binary ldpc codes Parallel processing Walsh-Hadamard Transform

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A Low-Complexity Delay-Tunable Coding Scheme for Visible Light Communication Systems

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IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2016年第18期28卷 1964-1967页

作者： Zhao, Shancheng Ma, Xiao Jinan Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Data & Comp Sci Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong Peoples R China

Visible light communication (VLC) systems are expected to support a variety of applications, such as common-information broadcasting, real-time multimedia streaming, and large file downloading. Typically, these applications have different delay requirements. Hence, it is desirable to design high-performance coding scheme capable of supporting a wide range of delays but with acceptable hardware complexity. To achieve this, we propose a delay-tunable coding scheme for VLC systems based on block Markov superposition transmission of short non-binary low-density parity-check (NBldpc) codes. The proposed coding scheme includes the following advantages: 1) it is easily configurable to fulfill different delay requirements while keeping the code rate constant;2) it requires essentially the same hardware modules to implement the encoder/decoder as the involved short NBldpc code;and 3) it can have a larger coding gain if a longer delay is tolerated. Numerical results are presented to show the expected tradeoff between delay and energy in a VLC system.

关键词： Block Markov superposition transmission delay-tunable light emitting diode (LED) non-binary ldpc codes visible light communication (VLC)

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non-binary protograph low-density parity-check codes for space communications

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING 2012年第2期30卷 43-51页

作者： Costantini, Laura Matuz, Balazs Liva, Gianluigi Paolini, Enrico Chiani, Marco Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR Inst Commun & Nav D-82234 Wessling Germany SkyTechnol Srl I-20147 Milan Italy Univ Bologna DEIS WiLAB I-47521 Cesena FC Italy

Protograph-based non-binary low-density parity-check (ldpc) codes with ultra-sparse parity-check matrices are compared with binary ldpc and turbo codes (TCs) from space communication standards. It is shown that larger coding gains are achieved, outperforming the binary competitors by more than 0.3?dB on the additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGN). In the short block length regime, the designed codes gain more than 1?dB with respect to the binary protograph ldpc codes recently proposed for the next generation up-link standard of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： belief propagation non-binary ldpc codes protographs space communications

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