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14th IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM)

作者： Sajnani, Hitesh Saini, Vaibhav Lopes, Cristina V. Univ Calif Irvine Bren Sch Informat & Comp Sci Irvine CA 92697 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769553047

Code cloning via copy-and-paste is a common practice in software engineering. Traditionally, this practice has been considered harmful, and a symptom that some important design abstraction is being ignored. As such, many previous studies suggest approaches to facilitate the discovery, removal, and refactoring of clones. However, not many studies exist that empirically investigate the relationship of code clones with code quality. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study of 31 open source Java projects (1.7 MSLOC) to explore the relationship between code clones and a set of bug patterns reported by FindBugs. We found that: (i) the defect density in cloned code is 3.7 times less than that of the rest of the code;(ii) 66% of the bug patterns associated with code clones are related to issues in coding style and practice, the two least problematic of the FindBugs categories, while that number is 49% for non-cloned code;and (iii) 75% of the bug patterns in cloned code are duplicated without any changes, while 25% are only present in one of the clones. These results show that, when using FindBugs to detect bug patterns, there is a positive differentiation of cloned code with respect to the rest of the code: the cloned code has considerably less, and less problematic, bug patterns. While our study does not unveil any explanation for this, results from other, more qualitative studies indicate that developers use copy-and-paste intentionally and wisely, which may explain the quantitative observations of our study. Overall, these research results suggest that the practice of code cloning in Java, and possibly in all other object-oriented languages, needs to be given serious consideration on the part of tool designers.

关键词： Java program debugging public domain software software quality source code (software) Java cloned code Java noncloned code bug pattern detection code quality copy-and-paste defect density design abstraction find bugs category object-oriented languages open source Java projects software engineering Cloning Computer bugs Correlation Encoding Google Software bug patterns code clones Java Java programming language bugs Codes object oriented programming languages open source software Debugging Software engineering software quality Bugs Cloning computer software

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PGF: A portable run-time format for type-theoretical grammars

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Journal of Logic, Language and Information 2010年第2期19卷 201-228页

作者： Angelov, Krasimir Bringert, Björn Ranta, Aarne Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden Google Inc Mountain View CA United States

Portable Grammar Format (PGF) is a core language for type-theoretical grammars. It is the target language to which grammars written in the high-level formalism Grammatical Framework (GF) are compiled. Low-level and simple, PGF is easy to reason about, so that its language-theoretic properties can be established. It is also easy to write interpreters that perform parsing and generation with PGF grammars, and compilers converting PGF to other formats. This paper gives a concise description of PGF, covering syntax, semantics, and parser generation. It also discusses the technique of embedded grammars, where language processing tasks defined by PGF grammars are integrated in larger systems. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

关键词： compilers object oriented programming languages Parsing syntax

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Principles of an object-oriented programming Language for Physarum Polycephalum Computing

Principles of an Object-Oriented Programming Language for Ph...

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10th International Conference on Digital Technologies

作者： Pancerz, Krzysztof Schumann, Andrew Univ Informat Technol & Management Rzeszow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781479933037

In the paper, we present principles of an object-oriented programming language for Physarum polycephalum computing. Physarum polycephalum is a one-cell organism that can be used for developing a biological architecture of different abstract devices. Both, theoretical foundations and assumptions for a language specification are considered. Especially, we focus on selected approaches (ladder diagrams, Petri nets, and transition systems) enabling us to model behaviour of Physarum polycephalum in the created programming language.

关键词： Physarum polycephalum object oriented programming languages Language specification Principle-Based Ethics Petri nets cells by organism

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Model-based, Platform-independent Logging for Heterogeneous Targets 22

Model-based, Platform-independent Logging for Heterogeneous ...

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22nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering languages and Systems (MODELS)

作者： Morin, Brice Ferry, Nicolas SINTEF Digital Oslo Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9781728125350

A recurring issue in generative approaches, in particular if they generate code for multiple target languages, is logging. How to ensure that logging is performed consistently for all the supported languages? How to ensure that the specific semantics of the source language, e.g. a modeling language or a domain-specific language, is reflected in the logs? How to expose logging concepts directly in the source language, so as to let developers specify what to log? This paper reports on our experience developing a concrete logging approach for ThingML, a textual modeling language built around asynchronous components, statecharts and a first-class action language, as well as a set of "compilers" targeting C, Go, Java and JavaScript.

关键词： original language logging modelling languages Language object oriented programming languages platform-independent logs Java Java programming language Targets

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Using the Executable Semantics for CFG Extraction and Unfolding

Using the Executable Semantics for CFG Extraction and Unfold...

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13th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC)

作者： Asavoae, Mihail Asavoae, Irina Mariuca Alexandru Ioan Cuza Univ Fac Comp Sci Iasi Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9780769546308

The longest path search problem is important in low-level worst-case execution time analysis and implies that all program executions are exhibited and inspected, via convenient abstractions, for their timing behavior. In this paper we present a definitional program unfolder that is based on the formal executable semantics of a target language. We work with K, a rewrite-based framework for the design and analysis of programming languages. Our methodology has two phases. First, it extracts directly from the executable semantics of the language, via reachability analysis, a safe control-flow graph (CFG) approximation. Second, it unfolds the control-flow graph, using loop bounds annotations and outputs the set of all possible program executions. The two-phased definitional program unfolder is implemented using the K-Maude tool, a prototype implementation of the K framework.

关键词： PROGRAM EXECUTION object oriented programming languages Semantics semiotics TWO-PHASE Computer programming languages ANNOTATIONS Loops Language

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Development of Agent-Based Intelligent Tutoring System for Teaching object-oriented programming Concepts

Development of Agent-Based Intelligent Tutoring System for T...

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5th International Multi-Conference on Society, Cybernetics and Information (IMSCI 2011)

作者： Goyal, Madhu Univ Technol Sch Software Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781936338344

Agent-based technology can be used in developing educational tutoring systems. An Intelligent Tutoring System, named as 'ProgTool' has been developed for teaching object-oriented programming concepts. The Prog-Tool' has been developed using JADE (Java Agents Development Environment) framework. This system helps the students to learn about objects, Classes and other programming concepts by taking tutorials from it sitting anywhere and anytime. This paper shows that usage of 'ProgTool' helps students with topic sequencing, visual representation, and choice of multiple exercises and tests on each topic makes it a very useful for students.

关键词： Software Agents JADE object oriented programming languages Intelligent Tutoring System

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Physiomodel - An Integrative Physiology in Modelica 37

Physiomodel - An Integrative Physiology in Modelica

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37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC)

作者： Matejak, Marek Kofranek, Jiri Charles Univ Prague Fac Med 1 Prague Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9781424492701

Physiomodel (http://***) is our reimplementation and extension of an integrative physiological model called HumMod 1.6 (http://***) using our Physiolibrary (http://***). The computer language Modelica is well-suited to exactly formalize integrative physiology. Modelica is an equation-based, and object-oriented language for hybrid ordinary differential equations (http://***). Almost every physiological term can be defined as a class in this language and can be instantiated as many times as it occurs in the body. Each class has a graphical icon for use in diagrams. These diagrams are self-describing;the Modelica code generated from them is the full representation of the underlying mathematical model. Special Modelica constructs of physical connectors from Physiolibrary allow us to create diagrams that are analogies of electrical circuits with Kirchhoff's laws. As electric currents and electric potentials are connected in electrical domain, so are molar flows and concentrations in the chemical domain;volumetric flows and pressures in the hydraulic domain;flows of heat energy and temperatures in the thermal domain;and changes and amounts of members in the population domain.

关键词： Physiomodel Integrative Physiology Modelica Domain object oriented programming languages Physiology potential electric current Thermal energy Computer programming languages

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Constructing Shallow-Transfer Rule for Indonesian-English Machine Translation

Constructing Shallow-Transfer Rule for Indonesian-English Ma...

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International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS)

作者： Yulianti, Evi Adriani, Mirna Manurung, Hisar M. Budi, Indra Hidayanto, Achmad N. Univ Indonesia Fac Comp Sci Lab Informat Retrieval Bogor Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781467330268;9789791421157

Shallow-transfer rule is the main component of shallow-transfer machine translation that matches the pattern of source language and then performs required action to translate them into the target language. However, high development cost is required to build it because it needs much of linguistic knowledge. This paper focuses on the process to automatically generate the shallow-transfer rule for Indonesian-to-English that is followed with manual postediting to improve the quality of automatic rule. The result shows that the automatic transfer rule can improve the performance of the word-forword translation. Furthermore, manual postediting process was also shown to increase the quality of automatic transfer rule. According to this result, using automatic approach is an effective way to build shallow-transfer rule at starting point that can be further enhanced by performing rule post-editing.

关键词： machine translation AUTOMATIC original language object oriented programming languages Rule manual Word master element

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Bilingualism affects picture naming but not picture classification

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MEMORY & COGNITION 2005年第7期33卷 1220-1234页

作者： Gollan, TH Montoya, RI Fennema-Notestine, C Morris, SK Univ Calif San Diego Dept Psychiat La Jolla CA 92093 USA Vet Med Res Fdn San Diego CA USA Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst San Diego CA USA

Bilinguals named pictures in their dominant language more slowly (and with more errors) than did monolinguals. In contrast, bilinguals named the same pictures as quickly as did monolinguals on the fifth presentation (in Experiment 2) and classified them (as human made or natural) as quickly and accurately as did monolinguals (in Experiment 1). In addition, bilinguals retrieved English picture names more quickly if they knew the name in both Spanish and English (on the basis of a translation test that bilinguals completed after the timed tasks), and monolingual response times for the same materials suggested that this finding was not obtained simply because names that were easier to translate were easier in general. These findings suggest that bilinguals differ from monolinguals at a postconceptual processing level, that implicit activation of lexical representations in the nontarget language can facilitate retrieval in the target language, and that being bilingual is analogous to having a lexicon full of lower frequency words, relative to monolinguals.

关键词： SPANISH-ENGLISH BILINGUALS SPOKEN WORD PRODUCTION LEXICAL ACCESS SPEECH PRODUCTION LANGUAGE MEMORY TIP RECOGNITION TRANSLATION REPRESENTATIONS terminal interface processor Bilingualism timed tasks picture Memory NAMING Language English representations Multilingualism English language object oriented programming languages METTL8 gene

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JSONA – From JSON to Annotations and Back: A Generative Software Development Perspective

JSONA – From JSON to Annotations and Back: A Generative S...

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International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Networks, ICISN 2024

作者： Le, Duc Minh Department of Information Technology FPT University Swinburne Vietnam Hanoi Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9789819755035

JSON has not only become a de factor language for data exchange between distributed systems but commonly been used as the intermediate configuration format in those systems. On the other hand, annotations have extensively been used as the intermediate metadata sublanguage of object-oriented programming languages in various generative software development (GSD) scenarios. However, existing works have not formally addressed the mapping between JSON and annotations and how such mapping is used in GSD. In this paper, we bridge this gap by matching JSON and annotations and formalising the resulted mapping in terms of a set of primitive transformation operators between the two languages. We use UML/OCL to construct syntax models of the two languages and match these models to identify mapping rules. We also semi-formalise design specifications of the operators. We demonstrate the effectiveness of JSONA using two GSD case studies: (1) SPA generation and (2) design pattern application. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Annotations Generative Software Development JSON object oriented programming languages

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