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object-oriented analysis-Is It Just Theory?

IEEE SOFTWARE 2010年第1期27卷 64-71页

作者： Gelbard, Roy Te'eni, Dov Sadeh, Matti Bar Ilan Univ Grad Sch Business Adm Informat Syst Program IL-52100 Ramat Gan Israel Tel Aviv Univ Dept Informat Syst Tel Aviv Israel

Academic researchers and practitioners frequently describe a situation in which the object-oriented (OO) approach strongly supports the design and coding phases of software development but only weakly supports the analysis phase. Such observations conflict with impressions imparted by textbooks and training programs. This article examines whether object oriented analysis (OOA) theory has been deployed in practice (with or without support of computer-aided software engineering tools) or whether it exists only in theory. This study explores 54 projects, diverse in scope and topic, all of which were implemented using object-oriented tools. The study shows that practitioners haven\'t widely adopted the theoretically popular OOA and suggests a cost-benefit perspective, arguing that OOA fails to attract practitioners because of a low ratio of costs to benefits relative to other methodologies. In particular, practitioners perceive the cost of system modeling using OOA methodologies and UML diagrams as high relative to its benefits. The authors present of recommendations to reduce costs and increase benefits in OOA.

关键词： cost-benefit object oriented analysis software software engineering uml Software design object orientation Software engineering Systems modelling object-oriented analysis UML Cost Benefit computer aided software engineering computer software

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object-oriented analysis AS DESIGN - A CASE-STUDY

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 1992年第4期2卷 489-521页

作者： ZUALKERNAN, IA TSAI, WT JEMIE, A WEN, IC DRAKE, JM UNIV MINNESOTA DEPT COMP SCIMINNEAPOLISMN 55455 UNIV MINNESOTA CARLSON SCH MANAGEMENTDEPT INFORMAT & DECIS SCIMINNEAPOLISMN 55455 UNIV MINNESOTA CTR RES LEARNING PERCEPT & COGNITMINNEAPOLISMN 55455

object-oriented analysis-is the activity of understanding a problem domain and developing a specification for it within an object-oriented paradigm. In this paper we propose object-oriented analysis can be viewed as a design task that consists of analysis, synthesis and internal and external completeness and consistency checking. We postulate a blackboard based design framework and propose several alternative theories within this framework. Data from an expert analyst is collected and analyzed for relative explanatory power of the alternative theories. Basic findings are that viewed as a design activity, object-oriented analysis is neither top-down nor completely opportunistic in nature. Rather, (1) analysis (the process of finding objects and processes) and synthesis (constructing the object model and state-transition diagrams) are complementary activities while internal completeness and consistency checking is coupled with synthesis and (2) construction of objects and processes are cyclic and complementary processes. The findings are compared with both descriptive and normative research in automated software design.

关键词： REQUIREMENT ENGINEERING PROTOCOL analysis object-oriented analysis CLIENT-ANALYST INTERACTION BLACKBOARD MODEL

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object-oriented analysis in enterprise application integration using web services

Object-oriented analysis in enterprise application integrati...

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2nd International Conference on Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems

作者： He, Y. M. Yang, L. Beihang Univ Sch Econ & Management Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780415457798

Enterprise Information Systems (EISs) become more and more important in the daily management of enterprises. However, advanced EISs are required due to rapid business development and global markets. Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) is made available by Web Services technology for application integration with loose coupling and flexible assembling to new application systems. The paper presents an object-oriented analysis in EAI with a case of BYJC-OKUMA (Beijing) Machine Tool Co., Ltd. It proposes a Web Services-based EAI solution and an object-oriented UML model of the sale management system for BYJC-OKUMA (Beijing). The workflow of its sale process is analyzed and modeled by UML as well. The study could provide reference for researchers to investigate and develop Semantic Business Process Management (SBPM) for Web Services-based EAI It could also provide reference for IT outsourcing companies to deliver cost reduction EAI solutions for BYJC-OKUMA (Beijing) and other relevant enterprises.

关键词： object-oriented analysis Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) UML workflow model Web Services Semantic Business Process Management (SBPM)

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IMPROVING object-oriented analysis

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 1994年第2期36卷 67-86页

作者： ECKERT, G GOLDER, P UNIV ASTON DEPT COMP SCI & APPL MATHBIRMINGHAM B4 7ETW MIDLANDSENGLAND

This paper evaluates current object-oriented analysis methods and proposes some possible improvements. We start by describing software requirements definition activities and reviewing the concepts of data modelling and object-orientation. We then identify key principles of object-oriented analysis and judge a selection of emerging methods against these principles. Finally, a proposal is presented which attempts to avoid some of the identified shortcomings. The proposal provides a nested object-relationship-operation framework which is based on a consistent use of the object model, a strong notion of encapsulation and a clear distinction between the essential and the contingent properties of the modelled entities.

关键词： object-oriented analysis MODELING analysis METHODS SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

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An object-oriented analysis method for customer relationship management information systems

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2004年第7期46卷 433-443页

作者： Lin, JJ Lee, MC Ming Chuan Univ Dept Informat Management Kweishan Taoyuan Taiwan Chaoyang Univ Technol Dept Informat Management Wufeng Taichuang Taiwan

For the advances of Internet technologies in recent years, Electronic Commerce (EC) has gained many attentions as a major theme for enterprises to keep their competitiveness. Amongst all possibly desired endeavors for the EC, research has shown that effective management of customer relationships is a major source for keeping competitive differentiation. Therefore, it is commonly recognized as an important coal for an enterprise to promote its management of customer relationships through a prospect information system on the Internet to achieve the so-called Business-to-Customer EC. In this paper, we propose an object-oriented analysis method for the development of such a Customer Relationship Management Information System (CRMIS). The approach starts from the identification of prospect customers and their desired behaviors under preferable execution environments, and ends with the specification of system-internal objects/entities that collaborate to satisfy these behaviors and environments. The method is a use case driven approach with UML utilized and extended as its tool. To illustrate, the method is applied to an exemplified CRMTS for house agency. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： electronic commerce customer relationship management information system object-oriented analysis method

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object calculus and the object-oriented analysis and design of an error-sensitive GIS

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GEOINFORMATICA 2001年第3期5卷 261-289页

作者： Duckham, M Univ Keele Dept Comp Sci Keele ST7 8AA Staffs England

The use of object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) in GIS research, development and application is now well established. However, the tendency towards informality in OOAD techniques means many of the potential benefits of object-orientation (OO) are being discounted. Recent advances in the formal representation of OO systems may help realize these benefits with respect to some of the key contemporary issues in GIS. This paper examines the application of one particular OO formalism, the;(sigma) calculus of Abadi and Cardelli, to a long-standing unresolved research problem in GIS: the development of an error-sensitive GIS. The work indicates that significant enhancements in the exploration, verification and understanding of OO systems can be achieved through the use of zeta-calculus in support of conventional GOAD techniques.

关键词： object-oriented analysis object-oriented design object calculus formal methods data quality

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AN ANNOTATED-BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR object-oriented analysis AND DESIGN

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 1994年第9期36卷 569-582页

作者： WEBSTER, S Department of Applied Computing and Electronics Bournemouth University Talbot Campus Fern Barrow Poole Dorset BH12 5BB UK

This paper introduces some of the literature on object-oriented analysis and design. concentrating on the study of object-oriented development methods. It outlines both regular and irregular sources of material on obj... 详细信息

关键词： object-oriented analysis object-oriented DESIGN object-oriented SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT DESIGN METHODS

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Using metamodeling to integrate object-oriented analysis, design and programming concepts

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS 1999年第2期24卷 113-129页

作者： Van Hillegersberg, J Kumar, K Erasmus Univ Dept Informat & Decis Sci NL-3000 DR Rotterdam Netherlands

object-oriented (OO) systems development theory has rapidly evolved. Generally, there is a concern about the current inconsistent state of OO theory. There is a lack of a shared understanding of the basic concepts and of a common vocabulary for discussing them. Although recent efforts have contributed to organizing OO concepts, a complete model of OO based on the areas of analysis, design and programming is still lacking. This study develops and applies an approach to build such a definition of OO concepts using metamodeling. Metamodels of existing OO methodologies were created and then integrated into a single metamodel that defines OO concepts and their relationships. A number of useful applications of this OO metamodel are proposed, including in methodology development and selection. The main contribution of this approach is its focus on bridging the gap that exists between the OO analysis and design area and the area of OO programming. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： metamodeling object-orientation object-oriented analysis object-oriented design object-oriented programming method methodology

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Automatic identification of agricultural terraces through object-oriented analysis of very high resolution DSMs and multispectral imagery obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014年第0期134卷 117-126页

作者： Diaz-Varela, R. A. Zarco-Tejada, P. J. Angileri, V. Loudjani, P. Commiss European Communities Joint Res Ctr Inst Environm & Sustainabil Monitoring Agr Resources Unit I-21027 Ispra VA Italy Univ Santiago de Compostela Escola Politecn Super IBADER Dept BotGI TB 1934 E-27002 Lugo Spain CSIC IAS Cordoba Spain

Agricultural terraces are features that provide a number of ecosystem services. As a result, their maintenance is supported by measures established by the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). In the framework of CAP implementation and monitoring, there is a current and future need for the development of robust, repeatable and cost-effective methodologies for the automatic identification and monitoring of these features at farm scale. This is a complex task, particularly when terraces are associated to complex vegetation cover patterns, as happens with permanent crops (e.g. olive trees). In this study we present a novel methodology for automatic and cost-efficient identification of terraces using only imagery from commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) cameras on board unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Using state-of-the-art computer vision techniques, we generated orthoimagery and digital surface models (DSMs) at 11 cm spatial resolution with low user intervention. In a second stage, these data were used to identify terraces using a multi-scale object-oriented classification method. Results show the potential of this method even in highly complex agricultural areas, both regarding DSM reconstruction and image classification. The UAV-derived DSM had a root mean square error (RMSE) lower than 0.5 m when the height of the terraces was assessed against field GPS data. The subsequent automated terrace classification yielded an overall accuracy of 90% based exclusively on spectral and elevation data derived from the UAV imagery. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Common agricultural policy Agricultural terraces Very high resolution imagery Digital surface model Unmanned aerial vehicles object-oriented analysis

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Part-whole relationship categories and their application in object-oriented analysis

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING 1999年第5期11卷 779-797页

作者： Motschnig-Pitrik, R Kaasboll, J Univ Vienna Dept Appl Comp Sci & Informat Syst A-1040 Vienna Austria Univ Oslo Dept Informat N-0316 Oslo Norway

Part decomposition and, conversely, the construction of composite objects out of individual parts have long been recognized as ubiquitous and essential mechanisms involving abstraction. This applies, in particular, in areas such as CAD, manufacturing, software development, and computer graphics. Although the part-of relationship is distinguished in object-oriented modeling techniques, it ranks far behind the concept of generalization/specialization and a rigorous definition of its semantics is still missing. In this paper, we first show in which ways a shift in emphasis on the part-of relationship leads to analysis and design models that are easier to understand and to maintain. We then investigate the properties of part-of relationships in order to define their semantics. This is achieved by means of a categorization of part-of relationships and by associating semantic constraints with individual categories. We further suggest a precise and, compared with existing techniques, less redundant specification of constraints accompanying part-of categories based on the degree of exclusiveness and dependence of parts on composite objects. Although the approach appears generally applicable, the object-oriented Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used to present our findings. Several examples demonstrate the applicability of the categories introduced.

关键词： conceptual modeling object-oriented analysis object-oriented design part-of relationship part-of relationship categories partonomy aggregation semantic constraints object life-cycle

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