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EXAF: A search engine for sample applications of object-oriented framework-provided concepts

INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2016年第July期75卷 135-147页

作者： Noei, Ehsan Heydarnoori, Abbas Sharif Univ Technol Dept Comp Engn Azadi Ave Tehran Iran

Context: object-oriented application frameworks, such as Java Swing, provide reusable code and design for implementing domain-specific concepts, such as Context Menu, in software applications. Hence, use of such frameworks not only can decrease the time and the cost of developing new software applications, but also can increase their maintainability. However, the main problems of using object-oriented application frameworks are their large and complex APIs, and often incomplete user manuals. To mitigate these problems, developers often try to learn how to implement their desired concepts from available sample applications. Nonetheless, this introduces another hard and time-consuming challenge which is finding proper sample applications. objective: To address this difficulty, we introduce EXAF (EXample applications Finder) that helps developers find sample applications which implement their desired framework-provided concepts. Method: The majority of existing framework comprehension approaches can only help programmers to get familiar with the usage of particular fine-grained API elements of the desired framework such as its classes and methods. Nevertheless, our approach is able to find sample applications that implement a particular framework-provided concept. To this end, EXAF benefits from the Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) information retrieval technique. We evaluated the approach using 24 concepts on top of the Microsoft .Net, Qt, and Java Swing frameworks. Results: Based on our evaluations, the precision of EXAF is more than 79%. Besides, it can find some sample applications that could not be found by common code search engines such as the ones which are used in SourceForge and Google Code. Conclusions: The results of our evaluations indicate that EXAF is effective in practice, and yields better search results because it considers various artifacts of a project like user reviews and bug reports. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： object-oriented application frameworks Framework-provided concepts Sample applications frameworks comprehension Code search engines

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Two Studies of Framework-Usage Templates Extracted from Dynamic Traces

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2012年第6期38卷 1464-1487页

作者： Heydarnoori, Abbas Czarnecki, Krzysztof Binder, Walter Bartolomei, Thiago Tonelli Sharif Univ Technol Dept Comp Engn Tehran Iran Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Univ Lugano Fac Informat CH-6904 Lugano Switzerland

object-oriented frameworks are widely used to develop new applications. They provide reusable concepts that are instantiated in application code through potentially complex implementation steps such as subclassing, implementing interfaces, and calling framework operations. Unfortunately, many modern frameworks are difficult to use because of their large and complex APIs and frequently incomplete user documentation. To cope with these problems, developers often use existing framework applications as a guide. However, locating concept implementations in those sample applications is typically challenging due to code tangling and scattering. To address this challenge, we introduce the notion of concept-implementation templates, which summarize the necessary concept-implementation steps and identify them in the sample application code, and a technique, named FUDA, to automatically extract such templates from dynamic traces of sample applications. This paper further presents the results of two experiments conducted to evaluate the quality and usefulness of FUDA templates. The experimental evaluation of FUDA with 14 concepts in five widely used frameworks suggests that the technique is effective in producing templates with relatively few false positives and false negatives for realistic concepts by using two sample applications. Moreover, we observed in a user study with 28 programmers that the use of templates reduced the concept-implementation time compared to when documentation was used.

关键词： object-oriented application frameworks framework comprehension framework documentation concept-implementation templates application programming interface (API) dynamic analysis concept location feature identification

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Supporting Framework Use via Automatically Extracted Concept-Implementation Templates

Supporting Framework Use via Automatically Extracted Concept...

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作者： Heydarnoori, Abbas University of Waterloo

学位级别：master

object-oriented application frameworks allow the reuse of both software design and code and are one of the most effective reuse technologies available today. frameworks provide domain-specific concepts, which are generic units of functionality. Framework-based applications are constructed by writing completion code that instantiates these concepts. The instantiation of such concepts requires implementation steps in the completion code, such as subclassing framework-provided classes, implementing interfaces, and calling appropriate framework services. Unfortunately, many existing frameworks are difficult to use because of their large and complex APIs and often incomplete user documentation. To cope with this problem, application developers often use existing framework applications as a guide. While existing applications contain valuable examples of concept implementation steps, locating them in the application code is often *** address this issue, this dissertation introduces the notion of concept implementation templates, which summarize the necessary concept implementation steps, and a technique named FUDA (Framework API Understanding through Dynamic Analysis) which automatically extracts such templates from runtime information collected when that concept is invoked in two or more different contexts in one or more sample applications. The experimental evaluation of FUDA with twelve realistic concepts on top of four widely-used frameworks suggests that the technique is effective in producing quality implementation templates for a given concept with high precision and recall from only two sample sample applications and execution scenarios. Moreover, it was observed in a user study with twelve subjects that the choice of templates vs. documentation had much less impact on development time than the concept complexity

关键词： object-oriented application frameworks Framework Comprehension Dynamic Analysis Reverse Engineering Framework Documentation Concept-Implementation Templates

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Converging CSP Specifications and C++ Programming via Selective Formalism

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ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 2005年第2期4卷 302-330页

作者： Gardner, William B Department of Computing and Information Science University of Guelph Guelph Ont. NIG 2W1 Canada

CSP (communicating sequential processes) is a useful algebraic notation for creating a hierarchical behavioral specification for concurrent systems, due to its formal interprocess synchronization and communication semantics. CSP specifications are amenable to simulation and formal verification by model-checking tools. A translator has been created to synthesize C++ code from CSP for execution with an object-oriented framework called CSP++, thereby making CSP specifications directly executable. To overcome the drawback that CSP is neither a full-featured nor popular programming language, an approach called “selective formalism” allows the use of CSP to be limited to specifying the control portion of a system, while the rest of its functionality is supplied in the form of C++ modules. These are activated through association with abstract events in the CSP specification. This is a new means of bringing convergence between a formal method and a popular programming language. It is believed that this methodology can be extended to hardware/software codesign for embedded systems. © 2005, ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： Design Executable specifications hardware/software codesign Languages object-oriented application frameworks Verification

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Coyote: An XML-based framework for web services testing 7

Coyote: An XML-based framework for web services testing

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7th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering

作者： Tsai, WT Paul, R Song, WW Cao, ZB Arizona State Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Tempe AZ 85287 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769517692

Web services received significant attention recently and several important web service platforms such as .NET are now available. The testing and evaluation of web services are important for both service providers and subscribers. This paper proposes an XML-based object-oriented testing framework Coyote to test web services rapidly. Coyote consists of two parts: test master and test engine. The test master allows testers to specify test scenarios and cases as well as Performing various analyses such as dependency analysis, completeness and consistency, and converts WSDL specifications into test scenarios. The test engine interacts with the web services under test, and provides tracing information. The test framework incorporates concepts from object-oriented application frameworks so that it is relatively easy to change test scenarios/cases. Due to the distributed nature of web services, Coyote focuses on integration testing instead of module testing.

关键词： web services object-oriented application frameworks scenario analysis WSDL integration testing

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Hooking into object-oriented application frameworks 97

Hooking into object-oriented application frameworks

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19th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 97) - Pulling Together

作者： Froehlich, G Hoover, HJ Liu, L Sorenson, P Department of Computing Science University of Alberta Edmonton AB. T6G 2H1

ISBN: (纸本)0897919149

An object-oriented application framework provides a generic design within a given domain and a reusable implementation of that design. frameworks have great potential for reuse, but that potential can only be achieved if the framework can be understood and used effectively by application developers. The complexity of the design and implementation of a framework can make understanding the framework difficult, and so good documentation and guidance to the framework user is needed. Several methods exist for documenting the design of the framework, but less work has been done on documenting the purpose of the framework and how it is intended to be used. In this paper, we introduce the concept of hooks as a means of documenting and providing guidance on the intended use of a framework. Each hook provides a concise solution to a focused requirement or problem within the context of the framework. Solutions for more complex requirements can be provided by combining several hooks. A discussion and means of describing hooks is given, with a focus on the method of adaption used to fulfill the requirement and the level of support provided for the solution within the framework.

关键词： object-oriented application frameworks software reuse framework documentation

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Developing Flexible and High-performance Web Servers with frameworks and Patterns

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ACM Computing Surveys 2000年第1期32卷 39-39页

作者： Schmidt, Douglas C. Hu, James C. UC Irvine Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Irvine CA 92697-2625 616E Engineering Tower United States

The goal of this paper is to illustrate how frameworks and patterns address complexities that arise in the design and implementation of high-performance distributed software systems. These complexities are both inherent (e.g., latency reduction and throughput preservation), and accidental (e.g., the continuous reinvention of key concepts and components). This paper explains how complexities occurring in the development of high-performance Web servers can be alleviated with the use of design patterns and object-oriented application frameworks. These techniques were applied to the development our high-performance adaptive Web server framework, JAWS. JAWS exemplifies how a framework can remain flexible without sacrificing performance. © 2000, ACM. All rights reserved.

关键词： design patterns distributed software systems object-oriented application frameworks WWW

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