Traditional geographic information system (GIS)-overlay routines usually build on relatively simple data models. Topology is - if at all - calculated on the fly for very specific tasks only. If, for example, a change ...
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Traditional geographic information system (GIS)-overlay routines usually build on relatively simple data models. Topology is - if at all - calculated on the fly for very specific tasks only. If, for example, a change comparison is conducted between two or more polygon layers, the result leads mostly to a complete and also very complex from-to class intersection. A lot of additional processing steps need to be performed to arrive at aggregated and meaningful results. To overcome this problem a new, automated geospatial overlay method in a topologically enabled (multi-scale) framework is presented. The implementation works with polygon and raster layers and uses a multi-scale vector/raster data model developed in the object-based image analysis software eCognition (Trimble Geospatial Imaging, Munich, Germany). Advantages are the use of the software inherent topological relationships in an object-by-object comparison, addressing some of the basic concepts of object-oriented data modeling such as classification, generalization, and aggregation. Results can easily be aggregated to a change-detection layer;change dependencies and the definition of different change classes are interactively possible through the use of a class hierarchy and its inheritance (parent-child class relationships). Implementation is exemplarily shown for a change comparison of CORINE Land Cover data sets. The result is a flexible and transferable solution which is - if parameterized once - fully automated.
The design of mass housing projects, with their complex array of apartment types and constraints, can be challenging for architects. Automated-organizing programs can assist in exploring various design alternatives, b...
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The design of mass housing projects, with their complex array of apartment types and constraints, can be challenging for architects. Automated-organizing programs can assist in exploring various design alternatives, but the computational cost of checking all possible building organizations grows exponentially. This paper describes a method that utilizes a variant of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) to bound and direct the growth of search trees. The method allows designers to explore design alternatives using geometrical objects and incorporates constraints related to daylight and privacy evaluation. Two search tree strategies, breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS), are implemented using a custom solver, with DFS proving suitable for larger search trees and BFS being appropriate for searching through the entire tree. By clearly defining the problem and adjusting the constraints, designers can efficiently explore the design space and obtain valid building alternatives in a reasonable time.
There are a number of highly significant misconceptions about what the CIM is, how it is used and what users should expect from products claiming CIM Compliance. This paper will try to address the reality of what the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457710018
There are a number of highly significant misconceptions about what the CIM is, how it is used and what users should expect from products claiming CIM Compliance. This paper will try to address the reality of what the CIM is and how such significant misconceptions often reflect a misunderstanding about the CIM based on its most common implementations. The issue of CIM compliance will be considered from the perspective of profiling and interface definitions and why this makes the large, complex model, more manageable for those seeking to support a CIM interface.
There are a number of highly significant misconceptions about what the CIM is, how it is used and what users should expect from products claiming CIM Compliance. This paper will try to address the reality of what the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781457710001
There are a number of highly significant misconceptions about what the CIM is, how it is used and what users should expect from products claiming CIM Compliance. This paper will try to address the reality of what the CIM is and how such significant misconceptions often reflect a misunderstanding about the CIM based on its most common implementations. The issue of CIM compliance will be considered from the perspective of profiling and interface definitions and why this makes the large, complex model, more manageable for those seeking to support a CIM interface.
Energy management systems employ a variety of schematic and quasi-geographic presentations in their user interfaces. These are sometimes generated automatically, but more often are hand-drawn and require considerable ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781612847894
Energy management systems employ a variety of schematic and quasi-geographic presentations in their user interfaces. These are sometimes generated automatically, but more often are hand-drawn and require considerable labor to create and maintain. Most of this labor goes into the arrangement, or 'layout' of the power system elements within the overall diagram and when network models are exchanged, as defined in the IEC 61970 part 452 and IEC 61968 part 13 standards, it is desirable to be able to exchange these layouts. This paper will discuss the CIM Graphics Exchange format that extends the standard CIM network model to include this schematic layout information and utilize existing IEC standards (61970-552) for encoding and transmission.
As the scope of the Common Information Model grows from its origins in transmission network model exchange to cover distribution, dynamics and market data, the amount of data transferred is correspondingly increasing ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424483570
As the scope of the Common Information Model grows from its origins in transmission network model exchange to cover distribution, dynamics and market data, the amount of data transferred is correspondingly increasing and the use of a single XML file for each exchange has become impractical. There is a requirement to reduce the size of the exchanged data while retaining the separation of data according to its type and this paper proposes a standard using a combination of multiple data sets organized by type;individual file header data;group descriptors and a ZIP containment format to create a compressed, modular data exchange format that utilizes existing IEC standards, retains data modularity and reduces the size of the exchanged file.
The IEC 61970 Common Information Model ( CIM) is an object-oriented representation of a power system and is used primarily as a data exchange format for power system operational control systems. This paper introduces ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424448135
The IEC 61970 Common Information Model ( CIM) is an object-oriented representation of a power system and is used primarily as a data exchange format for power system operational control systems. This paper introduces the concepts behind class modeling and how this approach is used to define the power system components based on CIM. And a new modeling rule for the hierarchical Energy Management Systems ( EMS) is presented. The rule is unified modeling and management in the superior EMS and the model of the underlying EMS divided and equaled from the unified model directly. To illustrate one of the effective means of using the CIM/XML model exported from EMS, a CIM toolkit implemented in C# is developed as the core of Automatic Voltage Control ( AVC) system for storing, processing, extracting, and exchanging data directly from CIM objects.
The search for better urban living has significantly increased the demand for efficient and sustainable multi-modal transportation systems in large urban areas. This should favor emergence of balanced transportation s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642003035
The search for better urban living has significantly increased the demand for efficient and sustainable multi-modal transportation systems in large urban areas. This should favor emergence of balanced transportation systems that use each mode for what it does best. However, the development of urban transportation policies partly relies on the availability of appropriate data and then information. The research introduced in this paper proposes a multi-modal and multi-scale data model oriented to the representation Of the urban transportation system of the city of Guangzhou in China The model introduced takes into account different transportation modes and integrates them within a federated data model designed using all object-oriented approach. Such a model allows the development of., specialized services designed after a survey and study Of users' and planners' requirements. The approach is experimented in a district Of the City Of Guangzhou and validated by a prototype development. This experimental system enables transportation planners and decision-makers to take better decisions effectively, and provides high-quality geospatial information-based services to final end-users
Interpreting ever increasing volumes of network data is a problem faced by utilities as computing and communications technology becomes cheaper and makes real-time monitoring of equipment affordable. This paper descri...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424419050
Interpreting ever increasing volumes of network data is a problem faced by utilities as computing and communications technology becomes cheaper and makes real-time monitoring of equipment affordable. This paper describes work undertaken for two utilities to produce an interface for visualizing network activity to help identify clusters of faults both geographically and temporally. This involved the development of a multi-user interface capable of showing both real-time and historical fault data on a geographical map and timetine at both distribution and transmission level. The use of an industry standard information model in the form of the Common Information Model (CIM) allowed a solution to be developed that was able to use existing network topology data and processing software while producing a solution not reliant on a proprietary of utility-specific data format.
Spatial-Temporal GIS is the inevitable tendency to realize dynamic digital earth with essential technology. The technology of static 3D GIS is already well developed, but the 4D GIS, traditional GIS plus temporal dime...
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Spatial-Temporal GIS is the inevitable tendency to realize dynamic digital earth with essential technology. The technology of static 3D GIS is already well developed, but the 4D GIS, traditional GIS plus temporal dimension is still at the theoretical study stage because its essential technology involves creation and manipulation of the temporal data base, which is related to temporal data base modeling, mainly dealing with storage and research of mass data. This paper considers reasonable TGIS datamodeling to combine simple, convenient, and feasible snap-shot modeling with flexible object-oriented data modeling while avoiding the consistent and redundant snap-shot modeling and complex object-oriented data modeling. The paper adopts a special way of dealing with the property of time: first create a fundamental data; then produce buffer data through snapshot datamodeling, and form a new data pool with time stab; and, finally, connect discrete layers to continuous ? with changing functions. By doing this, plenty of space is saved in data storage and it is easier to realize data calculation by dividing stored layers based on the varyious objects . Meanwhile, it can be once more for history events.?? The theoretical approach creatively studies the difficulties of TGIS and has been substantiated through Automatic Cellar Theory.
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