The design of mass housing projects, with their complex array of apartment types and constraints, can be challenging for architects. Automated-organizing programs can assist in exploring various design alternatives, b...
详细信息
The design of mass housing projects, with their complex array of apartment types and constraints, can be challenging for architects. Automated-organizing programs can assist in exploring various design alternatives, but the computational cost of checking all possible building organizations grows exponentially. This paper describes a method that utilizes a variant of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) to bound and direct the growth of search trees. The method allows designers to explore design alternatives using geometrical objects and incorporates constraints related to daylight and privacy evaluation. Two search tree strategies, breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS), are implemented using a custom solver, with DFS proving suitable for larger search trees and BFS being appropriate for searching through the entire tree. By clearly defining the problem and adjusting the constraints, designers can efficiently explore the design space and obtain valid building alternatives in a reasonable time.
Spatial-Temporal GIS is the inevitable tendency to realize dynamic digital earth with essential technology. The technology of static 3D GIS is already well developed, but the 4D GIS, traditional GIS plus temporal dime...
详细信息
Spatial-Temporal GIS is the inevitable tendency to realize dynamic digital earth with essential technology. The technology of static 3D GIS is already well developed, but the 4D GIS, traditional GIS plus temporal dimension is still at the theoretical study stage because its essential technology involves creation and manipulation of the temporal data base, which is related to temporal data base modeling, mainly dealing with storage and research of mass data. This paper considers reasonable TGIS datamodeling to combine simple, convenient, and feasible snap-shot modeling with flexible object-oriented data modeling while avoiding the consistent and redundant snap-shot modeling and complex object-oriented data modeling. The paper adopts a special way of dealing with the property of time: first create a fundamental data; then produce buffer data through snapshot datamodeling, and form a new data pool with time stab; and, finally, connect discrete layers to continuous ? with changing functions. By doing this, plenty of space is saved in data storage and it is easier to realize data calculation by dividing stored layers based on the varyious objects . Meanwhile, it can be once more for history events.?? The theoretical approach creatively studies the difficulties of TGIS and has been substantiated through Automatic Cellar Theory.
object-oriented (O-O) data models are known for their rich semantics and modeling power for representing complex data. It is also generally agreed that O-O models can provide more functionalities and semantic construc...
详细信息
object-oriented (O-O) data models are known for their rich semantics and modeling power for representing complex data. It is also generally agreed that O-O models can provide more functionalities and semantic constructs for modelingdata in applications of geographic information systems (GIS). However, there is a lack of a complete understanding of how to apply O-O concepts in modeling GIS data. In this paper, we propose an object-orienteddata model called OMEGA which is designed especially for GIS applications. We discuss in the model the use of O-O concepts in characterizing GIS applications. This model distinguishes geographic data into three major types: geometric objects, geographic objects, and relationship objects. Each of these types of objects is modeled by distinct and proprietary type hierarchies. In the core OMEGA model, there are five semantic association types: generalization, aggregation, (spatial) relationship, geographic constituent set (GCS), and selective aggregation (SA). The major enhancements that have been added to the model include (1) separating of relationships between objects from the object class and grouping of relationships of the same type into a relationship class;these classes can have aggregation as well as generalization associations;(2) a proposed unique set construct, called a geographic constituent set (GCS), especially for modeling of GIS data;and, (3) a proposed selective aggregation (SA) construct which is used to resolve overrefinement problems in a generalization hierarchy. Properties associated with these new constructs are also presented.
There are a number of highly significant misconceptions about what the CIM is, how it is used and what users should expect from products claiming CIM Compliance. This paper will try to address the reality of what the ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781457710001
There are a number of highly significant misconceptions about what the CIM is, how it is used and what users should expect from products claiming CIM Compliance. This paper will try to address the reality of what the CIM is and how such significant misconceptions often reflect a misunderstanding about the CIM based on its most common implementations. The issue of CIM compliance will be considered from the perspective of profiling and interface definitions and why this makes the large, complex model, more manageable for those seeking to support a CIM interface.
Energy management systems employ a variety of schematic and quasi-geographic presentations in their user interfaces. These are sometimes generated automatically, but more often are hand-drawn and require considerable ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781612847894
Energy management systems employ a variety of schematic and quasi-geographic presentations in their user interfaces. These are sometimes generated automatically, but more often are hand-drawn and require considerable labor to create and maintain. Most of this labor goes into the arrangement, or 'layout' of the power system elements within the overall diagram and when network models are exchanged, as defined in the IEC 61970 part 452 and IEC 61968 part 13 standards, it is desirable to be able to exchange these layouts. This paper will discuss the CIM Graphics Exchange format that extends the standard CIM network model to include this schematic layout information and utilize existing IEC standards (61970-552) for encoding and transmission.
暂无评论