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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2009年第1期39卷 105-110页

作者： Laracy, Joseph R. Seton Hall Univ S Orange NJ 07079 USA

As the use of computer simulation grows in a variety of science and engineering fields, the quality of random variate generators becomes increasingly important. Unfortunately, a number of standard implementations are grossly inadequate and exhibit poor statistical properties. This paper presents a software pattern For efficiently implementing an extensible, high-quality random variate generator. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： modeling and simulation patterns object-oriented design methods

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Evaluation of Accuracy in design Pattern Occurrence Detection

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2010年第4期36卷 575-590页

作者： Pettersson, Niklas Lowe, Welf Nivre, Joakim Linnaeus Univ Sch Comp Sci Phys & Math S-35195 Vaxjo Sweden Uppsala Univ Dept Linguist & Philol S-75126 Uppsala Sweden

Detection of design pattern occurrences is part of several solutions to software engineering problems, and high accuracy of detection is important to help solve the actual problems. The improvement in accuracy of design pattern occurrence detection requires some way of evaluating various approaches. Currently, there are several different methods used in the community to evaluate accuracy. We show that these differences may greatly influence the accuracy results, which makes it nearly impossible to compare the quality of different techniques. We propose a benchmark suite to improve the situation and a community effort to contribute to, and evolve, the benchmark suite. Also, we propose fine-grained metrics assessing the accuracy of various approaches in the benchmark suite. This allows comparing the detection techniques and helps improve the accuracy of detecting design pattern occurrences.

关键词： Patterns object-oriented design methods measurement techniques evaluation reverse engineering reengineering restructuring

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design by contract to improve software vigilance

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2006年第8期32卷 571-586页

作者： Le Traon, Yves Baudry, Benoit Jezequel, Jean-Marc France Telecom R&D F-22307 Lannion France Univ Rennes 1 IRISA F-35042 Rennes France

design by Contract is a lightweight technique for embedding elements of formal specification ( such as invariants, pre and postconditions) into an object-oriented design. When contracts are made executable, they can play the role of embedded, online oracles. Executable contracts allow components to be responsive to erroneous states and, thus, may help in detecting and locating faults. In this paper, we define Vigilance as the degree to which a program is able to detect an erroneous state at runtime. Diagnosability represents the effort needed to locate a fault once it has been detected. In order to estimate the benefit of using design by Contract, we formalize both notions of Vigilance and Diagnosability as software quality measures. The main steps of measure elaboration are given, from informal definitions of the factors to be measured to the mathematical model of the measures. As is the standard in this domain, the parameters are then fixed through actual measures, based on a mutation analysis in our case. Several measures are presented that reveal and estimate the contribution of contracts to the overall quality of a system in terms of vigilance and diagnosability.

关键词： object-oriented design methods programming by contract diagnostics metrics

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Predicting the probability of change in object-oriented systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2005年第7期31卷 601-614页

作者： Tsantalis, N Chatzigeorgiou, A Stephanides, G Univ Macedonia Dept Appl Informat Thessaloniki 54006 Greece

Of all merits of the object-oriented paradigm, flexibility is probably the most important in a world of constantly changing requirements and the most striking difference compared to previous approaches. However, it is rather difficult to quantify this aspect of quality: This paper describes a probabilistic approach to estimate the change proneness of an object-oriented design by evaluating the probability that each class of the system will be affected when new functionality is added or when existing functionality is modified. It is obvious that when a system exhibits a large sensitivity to changes, the corresponding design quality is questionable. The extracted probabilities of change can be used to assist maintenance and to observe the evolution of stability through successive generations and identify a possible "saturation" level beyond which any attempt to improve the design without major refactoring is impossible. The proposed model has been evaluated on two multiversion open source projects. The process has been fully automated by a Java program, while statistical analysis has proved improved correlation between the extracted probabilities and actual changes in each of the classes in comparison to a prediction model that relies simply on past data.

关键词： object-oriented programming product metrics object-oriented design methods quality analysis and evaluation

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Test synthesis from UML models of distributed software

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2007年第4期33卷 252-268页

作者： Pickin, Simon Jard, Claude Jeron, Thierry Jezequel, Jean-Marc Le Traon, Yves Univ Carlos III Madrid Dept Ingn Telemat Madrid Spain ENS Cachan F-35170 Bruz France INRIA IRISA F-35042 Rennes France ENST Bretagne F-35576 Cesson Sevigne France

The object-oriented software development process is increasingly used for the construction of complex distributed systems. In this context, behavior models have long been recognized as the basis for systematic approaches to requirements capture, specification, design, simulation, code generation, testing, and verification. Two complementary approaches for modeling behavior have proven useful in practice: interaction-based modeling ( e. g., UML sequence diagrams) and state-based modeling ( e. g., UML statecharts). Building on formal V&V techniques, in this article we present a method and a tool for automated synthesis of test cases from scenarios and a state-based design model of the application, remaining entirely within the UML framework. The underlying "on the fly" test synthesis algorithms are based on the input/output labeled transition system formalism, which is particularly appropriate for modeling applications involving asynchronous communication. The method is eminently compatible with classical OO development processes since it can be used to synthesize test cases from the scenarios used in early development stages to model global interactions between actors and components, instead of these test cases being derived manually. We illustrate the system test synthesis process using an air traffic control software example.

关键词： formal methods testing tools object-oriented design methods

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A multiple case study of design pattern decay, grime, and rot in evolving software systems

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SOFTWARE QUALITY JOURNAL 2013年第2期21卷 289-323页

作者： Izurieta, Clemente Bieman, James M. Montana State Univ Bozeman MT 59717 USA Colorado State Univ Dept Comp Sci Ft Collins CO 80523 USA

Software designs decay as systems, uses, and operational environments evolve. Decay can involve the design patterns used to structure a system. Classes that participate in design pattern realizations accumulate grime-non-pattern-related code. design pattern realizations can also rot, when changes break the structural or functional integrity of a design pattern. design pattern rot can prevent a pattern realization from fulfilling its responsibilities, and thus represents a fault. Grime buildup does not break the structural integrity of a pattern but can reduce system testability and adaptability. This research examined the extent to which software designs actually decay, rot, and accumulate grime by studying the aging of design patterns in three successful object-oriented systems. We generated UML models from the three implementations and employed a multiple case study methodology to analyze the evolution of the designs. We found no evidence of design pattern rot in these systems. However, we found considerable evidence of pattern decay due to grime. Dependencies between design pattern components increased without regard for pattern intent, reducing pattern modularity, and decreasing testability and adaptability. The study of decay and grime showed that the grime that builds up around design patterns is mostly due to increases in coupling.

关键词： design concepts object-oriented design methods design patterns Software evolution Decay Grime Technical debt Multiple case study

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Introducing software engineering developments to a classical operating systems course

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION 2005年第1期48卷 118-126页

作者： Billard, EA Calif State Univ Hayward Dept Math & Comp Sci Hayward CA 94542 USA

An operating system course draws from a well-defined fundamental theory, but one needs to consider how more, recent advances, not necessarily, in the theory itself, can be applied to improve the course and the general body of knowledge of the student. The goal of this paper is to show how recent software engineering developments can be introduced to such a course to riot only satisfy the theory requirements, but also make the theory more understandable. In particular, this paper focuses on how students can effectively learn the Unified Modeling Language, the object-oriented methodology, and the Java programming language in the context of an operating systems course. The goal is to form a systematic software engineering process for operating system design and implementation.

关键词： Java object-oriented design methods operating systems process management software engineering

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Forecasting Java Software Evolution Trends Employing Network Models

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2015年第6期41卷 582-602页

作者： Chaikalis, Theodore Chatzigeorgiou, Alexander Univ Macedonia Dept Appl Informat Thessaloniki 54643 Greece

The evolution of networks representing systems in various domains, including social networks, has been extensively studied enabling the development of growth models which govern their behavior over time. The architecture of software systems can also be naturally represented in the form of networks, whose properties change as software evolves. In this paper we attempt to model several aspects of graphs representing object-oriented software systems as they evolve over a number of versions. The goal is to develop a prediction model by considering global phenomena such as preferential attachment, past evolutionary trends such as the tendency of classes to create fewer relations as they age, as well as domain knowledge in terms of principles that have to be followed in object-oriented design. The derived models can provide insight into the future trends of software and potentially form the basis for eliciting improved or novel laws of software evolution. The forecasting power of the proposed model is evaluated against the actual evolution of 10 open-source projects and the achieved accuracy in the prediction of several network and software properties, which reflect the underlying system design, appears to be promising.

关键词： Graphs and networks restructuring reverse engineering and reengineering software architectures object-oriented design methods

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Synthesizing Multithreaded Code from Real-Time object-oriented Models via Schedulability-Aware Thread Derivation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2014年第4期40卷 413-426页

作者： Kim, Saehwa Hankuk Univ Foreign Studies Dept Informat Commun Engn Yongin 449791 Gyeonggi Do South Korea

One of the major difficulties in developing embedded systems with object-oriented modeling is to translate a designed model into code that satisfies required real-time performance. This paper proposes scenario-based implementation synthesis architecture with timing guarantee (SISAtime) that addresses these difficulties. The problems that SISAtime must solve are: how to synthesize multithreaded-code from a real-time object-oriented model;and how to design supporting development tools and runtime system architecture while ensuring that the scenarios in the system have minimal response times and the code satisfies the given timing constraints with a minimal number of threads. SISAtime provides a new scheduling algorithm which minimizes scenario response times. SISAtime also provides a new thread derivation method that derives tasks and maps tasks to threads while automatically assigning task scheduling attributes. We have fully implemented SISAtime by extending the RoseRT development tool that uses UML 2.0 as a modeling language, and we applied it to an existing industrial private branch exchange system. The performance evaluation results show that the response times, context switches, and the number of threads of the system with SISAtime were reduced by 21.6, 33.2, and 65.2 percent, respectively, compared to the system with the best known existing thread derivation method.

关键词： Multitasking object-oriented design methods real-time systems and embedded systems system integration and implementation

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Toward formalizing domain modeling semantics in language syntax

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2005年第1期31卷 21-37页

作者： Evermann, J Wand, Y Victoria Univ Wellington Sch Informat Management Wellington New Zealand Univ British Columbia Sauder Sch Business Vancouver BC V6T 1Z2 Canada

Information Systems are situated in and are representations of some business or organizational domain. Hence, understanding the application domain is critical to the success of information systems development. To support domain understanding, the application domain is represented in conceptual models. The correctness of conceptual models can affect the development outcome and prevent costly rework during later development stages. This paper proposes a method to restrict the syntax of a modeling language to ensure that only possible configurations of a domain can be modeled, thus increasing the likelihood of creating correct domain models. The proposed method, based on domain ontologies, captures relationships among domain elements via constraints on the language metamodel, thus restricting the set of statements about the domain that can be generated with the language. In effect, this method creates domain specific modeling languages from more generic ones. The method is demonstrated using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Specifically, it is applied to the subset of UML dealing with object behavior and its applicability is demonstrated on a specific modeling example.

关键词： analysis methodologies specification object-oriented design methods design concepts CASE ontology

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