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作者： Ying Peng Department of economics and management Dehong normal college

This paper outlines the object-oriented methods and related technologies, and describes the object-oriented system development methods, including object-oriented analysis(OOA), object-oriented design(OOD), UML unified modeling language and Rational Rose modeling tools. Unified Modeling Language(UML) and Rational Rose, a modeling tool, have established a requirement analysis model and design model suitable for management system software. At the same time, they have provided a relatively complete analysis method and design ideas for the development of teaching management system in Colleges and universities.

关键词： object-oriented method Modeling UML

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Automated Extraction of Forest Burn Severity Based on Light and Small UAV Visible Remote Sensing Images

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FORESTS 2022年第10期13卷 1665页

作者： Ye, Jiangxia Cui, Zhongyao Zhao, Fengjun Liu, Qianfei Southwest Forestry Univ Coll Forestry Kunming 650224 Yunnan Peoples R China Chinese Acad Forestry Ecol & Nat Conservat Inst Key Lab Forest Protect Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm Beijing 100091 Peoples R China Henan Prov Inst Geophys Spatial Informat Zhengzhou 450009 Peoples R China

Identification of forest burn severity is essential for fire assessments and a necessary procedure in modern forest management. Due to the low efficiency and labor intensity of the current post-fire field survey in China's Forestry Standards, the limitation of temporal resolution of satellite imagery, and poor objectivity of manual interpretations, a new method for automatic extraction of forest burn severity based on small visible unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images is proposed. Taking the forest fires which occurred in Anning city of Yunnan Province in 2019 as the study objects, post-fire imagery was obtained by a small, multi-rotor near-ground UAV. Some image recognition indices reflecting the variations in chlorophyll loss effects in different damaged forests were developed with spectral characteristics customized in A and C, and the texture features such as the mean, standard deviation, homogeneity, and shape index of the length-width ratio. An object-oriented method is used to determine the optimal segmentation scale for forest burn severity and a multilevel rule classification and extraction model is established to achieve the automatic identification and mapping. The results show that the method mentioned above can recognize different types of forest burn severity: unburned, damaged, dead, and burnt. The overall accuracy is 87.76%, and the Kappa coefficient is 0.8402, which implies that the small visible UAV can be used as a substitution for the current forest burn severity survey standards. This research is of great practical significance for improving the efficiency and precision of forest fire investigation, expanding applications of small UAVs in forestry, and developing an alternative for forest fire loss assessments in the forestry industry.

关键词： forest burn severity forestry standards small visible UAV image recognition indices object-oriented method

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AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF URBAN BUILT-UP AREA BASED ON objectoriented method AND REMOTE SENSING DATA

AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF URBAN BUILT-UP AREA BASED ON OBJECTO...

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The ISPRS Technical Commission III Midterm Symposium on "Developments, Technologies and Applications in Remote Sensing"

作者： Longlong Li Huizhen Zhou Qiang Wen Ting Chen Feng Guan Baiyang Ren Hong Yu Zhiyong Wang Twenty-first Century Space Technology Application Co. Ltd State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology School of Natural ResourcesFaculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal University Beijing Engineering Research Center of Small Satellite Remote Sensing Information

Built-up area marks the use of city construction land in the different periods of the development, the accurate extraction is the key to the studies of the changes of urban expansion. This paper studies the technology of automatic extraction of urban built-up area based on object-oriented method and remote sensing data, and realizes the automatic extraction of the main built-up area of the city, which saves the manpower cost greatly. First, the extraction of construction land based on object-oriented method, the main technical steps include:(1) Multi-resolution segmentation;(2) Feature Construction and Selection;(3) Information Extraction of Construction Land Based on Rule Set, The characteristic parameters used in the rule set mainly include the mean of the red band(Mean R), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), Ratio of residential index(RRI), Blue band mean(Mean B), Through the combination of the above characteristic parameters, the construction site information can be extracted. Based on the degree of adaptability, distance and area of the object domain, the urban built-up area can be quickly and accurately defined from the construction land information without depending on other data and expert knowledge to achieve the automatic extraction of the urban built-up area. In this paper, Beijing city as an experimental area for the technical methods of the experiment, the results show that: the city built-up area to achieve automatic extraction, boundary accuracy of 2359.65 m to meet the requirements. The automatic extraction of urban built-up area has strong practicality and can be applied to the monitoring of the change of the main built-up area of city.

关键词： Urban built-up area Construction land object-oriented method Remote sensing Automatic extraction

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NDVI-Based Lacunarity Texture for Improving Identification of Torreya Using object-oriented method

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第9期10卷 1431-1444页

作者： HAN Ning WU Jing Amir Reza Shah Tahmassebi XU Hong-wei WANG Ke Institute of Remote Sensing and Information System Application College of Environment and Resource Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 P.R. China School of Environment and Resource Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Hangzhou 311300 P.R.China

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） is a very useful feature for differentiating vegetation and non-vegetation in remote sensed imagery. In the light of the function of NDVI and the spatial patterns of the vegetation landscapes, we proposed the lacunarity texture derived from NDVI to characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation landscapes concerning the ＂gappiness＂ or ＂emptiness＂ characteristics. The NDVI-based lacunarity texture was incorporated into object-oriented classification for improving the identification of vegetation categories, especially Torreya which was the targeted tree species in the present research. A three-level hierarchical network of image objects was defined and the proposed texture was integrated as potential sources of information in the rules base. A knowledge base of rules created by classifier C5.0 indicated that the texture could potentially be applied in object-oriented classification. It was found that the addition of such texture improved the identification of every vegetation category. The results demonstrated that the texture could characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation structures, which could be a promising approach for vegetation identification.

关键词： Torreya NDVI lacunarity class hierarchy object-oriented method decision tree spatial pattern

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URBAN BUILT-UP AREA EXTRACTION AND APPLICATION BASED ON GF-2 SATELLITE DATA

URBAN BUILT-UP AREA EXTRACTION AND APPLICATION BASED ON GF-2...

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The ISPRS Technical Commission III Midterm Symposium on "Developments, Technologies and Applications in Remote Sensing"

作者： Chang Xiao Xiaomin Yu Hubei Geomatics Information Center

GF-2 satellite was launched in China on August 19, 2014. It has wide potential applications with the spatial resolution of around 1 meter. In this paper, urban built-up area was extracted and classified based on GF-2 satellite data using object-oriented method. Songbai town of Shennongjia forest region was taken as an example. The results were applied to urban-rural planning and supervision of Songbai town in Shennongjia forest region.

关键词： GF-2 satellite object-oriented method built-up area Shennongjia

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Impact factors on expansion of built-up areas in Zhejiang Province, China 8

Impact factors on expansion of built-up areas in Zhejiang Pr...

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17th SPIE Conference on Earth Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing/GIS Applications

作者： Liu, Dong Zhu, Qiankun Li, Yan Gong, Fang Chinese Acad Sci Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol Key Lab Watershed Geog Sci Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu Peoples R China State Ocean Adm Inst Oceanog 2 State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam Hangzhou 310012 Zhejiang Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Int Inst Earth Syst Sci Nanjing 210093 Jiangsu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510613218;9781510613201

Built-up areas are the results of human activities. Not only are they the real reflection of human and society activities, but also one of the most important input parameters for the simulation of biogeochemical cycle. Therefore, it is very necessary to map the distribution of built-up areas and monitor their changes by using new technologies and methods at high spatiotemporal resolution. By combining technologies of GIS (Geographic Information System) and RS (Remote Sensing), this study mainly explored the expansion and driving factors of built-up areas at the beginning of the 21st century in Zhejiang Province, China. Firstly, it introduced the mapping processes of LULC (Land Use and Land Cover) based on the method which combined object-oriented method and binary decision tree. Then, it analyzed the expansion features of built-up areas in Zhejiang from 2000 to 2005 and 2005 to 2010. In addition to these, potential driving factors on the expansion of built-up areas were also explored, which contained physical geographical factors, railways, highways, rivers, urban centers, elevation, and slop. Results revealed that the expansions of built-up areas in Zhejiang from 2000 to 2005 and from 2005 to 2010 were very obvious and they showed high levels of variation in spatial heterogeneity. Except those, increased built-up areas with distance to railways, highways, rivers, and urban centers could be fitted with power function (y = a*x(b)), with minimum R-2 of 0.9507 for urban centers from 2000 to 2005;the increased permillages of built-up areas to mean elevation and mean slop could be fitted with exponential functions (y = a*e(bx)), with minimum R-2 of 0.6657 for mean slop from 2005 to 2010. Besides, government policy could also impact expansion of built-up areas. In a nutshell, a series of conclusions were obtained through this study about the spatial features and driving factors of evolution of built-up areas in Zhejiang from 2000 to 2010.

关键词： Built-up Areas Driving Factors object-oriented method Remote Sensing Zhejiang Province

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object-oriented Contact Detection Approach for Three-Dimensional Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Based on Entrance Block Theory

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMECHANICS 2017年第5期17卷 E4016009.1-E4016009.1页

作者： Zheng, Fei Jiao, Yu-Yong Zhang, Xiu-Li Tan, Fei Wang, Long Zhao, Qiang Chinese Acad Sci Inst Rock & Soil Mech State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn Wuhan 430071 Peoples R China Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Civil & Environm Engn 439 Davis Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Compared with two-dimensional (2D) contact cases, three-dimensional (3D) contact problems are more complicated in both contact geometry representation and contact detection. The entrance block theory proposed by Shi lays the foundation for solving contact problems in a uniform format. This paper presents a new contact detection approach for 3D polyhedral blocks with the use of entrance block theory. In this approach, contacts between 3D polyhedra were classified into three categories: finite-contact covers (face to face, edge to face, and parallel edge to edge), single-contact covers (vertex to face, crossing edge to edge, vertex to edge, and vertex to vertex), and basic-contact covers (vertex to face and crossing edge to edge). A finite-contact cover consists of several single-contact covers, and all single-contact covers can be identified as basic-contact covers. Thus, the contact detection process can be fulfilled in three phases: a rough search phase to form a potential contacting block list for all blocks, a delicate search phase to detect the four single-contact covers, and an identification phase to identify basic-contact covers from all single-contact covers. Because contacts happen on boundaries of blocks, which can be regarded as a union of boundaries of 3D block angles, the delicate search can be fulfilled through detection between boundaries of 3D block angles to increase its efficiency. After contact detection, a list of potential contact pairs based on the three contact categories was formed and solved based on two basic-contact covers (i.e., vertex-to-face and crossing edge-to-edge contact covers). The half-edge data structure was applied to represent angles, edges, and polygons in polyhedra. The contact detection algorithm was fulfilled in the framework of 3D discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), using the object-oriented programming method. In this paper, examples are provided to verify the accuracy of the proposed algorithm in treating vertex-t

关键词： Contact detection Three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis object-oriented method Entrance block theory Contact cover First entrance Shortest exit

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Monitoring the Invasion of Spartina alterniflora Using Multi-source High-resolution Imagery in the Zhangjiang Estuary, China

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REMOTE SENSING 2017年第6期9卷 539-539页

作者： Liu, Mingyue Li, Huiying Li, Lin Man, Weidong Jia, Mingming Wang, Zongming Lu, Chunyan Chinese Acad Sci Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol Key Lab Wetland Ecol & Environm Changchun 130102 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Jilin Univ Coll Earth Sci Changchun 130061 Peoples R China Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Dept Earth Sci Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ Coll Comp & Informat Fuzhou 350002 Peoples R China

Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) is one of the most harmful invasive plants in China. Google Earth (GE), as a free software, hosts high-resolution imagery for many areas of the world. To explore the use of GE imagery for monitoring S. alterniflora invasion and developing an understanding of the invasion process of S. alterniflora in the Zhangjiang Estuary, the object-oriented method and visual interpretation were applied to GE, SPOT-5, and Gaofen-1 (GF-1) images. In addition, landscape metrics of S. alterniflora patches adjacent to mangrove forests were calculated and mangrove gaps were recorded by checking whether S. alterniflora exists. The results showed that from 2003-2015, the areal extent of S. alterniflora in the Zhangjiang Estuary increased from 57.94 ha to 116.11 ha, which was mainly converted from mudflats and moved seaward significantly. Analyses of the S. alterniflora expansion patterns in the six subzones indicated that the expansion trends varied with different environmental circumstances and human activities. Land reclamation, mangrove replantation, and mudflat aquaculture caused significant losses of S. alterniflora. The number of invaded gaps increased and S. alterniflora patches adjacent to mangrove forests became much larger and more aggregated during 2003-2015 (the class area increased from 12.13 ha to 49.76 ha and the aggregation index increased from 91.15 to 94.65). We thus concluded that S. alterniflora invasion in the Zhangjiang Estuary had seriously increased and that measures should be taken considering the characteristics shown in different subzones. This study provides an example of applying GE imagery to monitor invasive plants and illustrates that this approach can aid in the development of governmental policies employed to control S. alterniflora invasion.

关键词： remote sensing Google Earth invasive species smooth cordgrass object-oriented method landscape metrics

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Fine classification of construction land using high-resolution remote sensing images: a case study in planning restricted zone of nuclear power plant

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ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 2017年第22期10卷 495-495页

作者： Sun, Zhong-ping Liu, Suhong Cao, Fei Shi, Yuanli Wang, Chang-zuo Beijing Normal Univ Fac Geog Sci State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Minist Environm Protect Satellite Environm Ctr Beijing 100094 Peoples R China

Detailed construction land information plays a significant role in monitoring planning restricted zone of nuclear power plant and ecological environment protection. This study focuses on developing fine classifying method of construction land in planning restricted zone of nuclear power plant using high spatial resolution GF(GaoFen)-1 remote sensing images. The object-oriented classification method is used in this study;the important process of which is image segmentation and classification. Multi-scale segmentation method, rule-based decision tree, and the nearest neighbor classifier are used in classifying construction land classes, i.e., road, industrial, and residential. An optimal segmentation scale is crucial to image segmentation in object-oriented classification. Instead of laborious trial-and-error experiments for optimal image segmentation, the change rates of the local variance in the homogeneous region are calculated to get the optimal segmentation scales. Multi-level classification strategy is used in the following classification. Rule-based decision tree is used to classify road and water, vegetation and non-vegetation, and industrial and residential. And the nearest neighbor classifier is used to classify cropland and forest within the vegetation land use type. The accuracy assessment result shows that the overall accuracy is 89.67% and Kappa coefficient is 0.85 for object-oriented classification, which is much higher than pixel-based maximum likelihood classifier (overall accuracy is 79.17% and Kappa coefficient is 0.74) and support vector machine classifier (overall accuracy is 74.16% and Kappa coefficient is 0.68).

关键词： Fine classification Construction land Nuclear power plant Planning restricted zone GF-1 remote sensing image object-oriented method

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Land Cover Status in the Koshi River Basin,Central Himalayas

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2017年第1期8卷 10-19页

作者： WU Xue GAO Jungang ZHANG Yili LIU Linshan ZHAO Zhilong Basanta PAUDEL Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Koshi River Basin is in the middle of the Himalayas,a tributary of the Ganges River and a very important cross-border *** the basin there are large changes in altitude,habitat complexity,ecosystem integrity,land cover diversity and regional difference and this area is sensitive to global climate *** on Landsat TM images,vegetation mapping,field investigations and 3S technology,we compiled high-precision land cover data for the Koshi River Basin and analyzed current land cover *** found that from source to downstream,land cover in the Koshi River Basin in 2010 was composed of water body（glacier）,bare land,sparse vegetation,grassland,wetland,shrubland,forest,cropland,water body（river or lake） and built-up *** them,grassland,forest,bare land and cropland are the main types,accounting for 25.83%,21.19%,19.31% and 15.09% of the basin＇s area *** composition and structure of the Koshi River Basin land cover types are different between southern and northern *** north slope is dominated by grassland,bare land and glacier;forest,bare land and glacier are mainly found on northern *** slopes contain nearly seven times more grassland than southern slopes;while 97.13% of forest is located on southern *** area on northern slope is 6.67 times than on southern *** vertical distribution of major land cover types has obvious zonal *** cover types from low to high altitudes are cropland,forest,Shrubland and mixed cropland,grassland,sparse vegetation,bare land and water *** results provide a scientific basis for the study of land use and cover change in a critical region and will inform ecosystem protection,sustainability and management in this and other alpine transboundary basins.

关键词： Himalayas Koshi River Basin land cover pattern vertical distribution object-oriented method

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