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The Application-View Model of the International Standard IEC 61850

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY 2009年第3期24卷 1132-1139页

作者： Ozansoy, Cagil R. Zayegh, Aladin Kalam, Akhtar Victoria Univ Sch Elect Engn Melbourne Vic 8001 Australia

The introduction of IEC 61850 as the de facto SA standard for the communication between devices in a substation and the related system requirements has made it possible and justifiable to integrate station Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) on a high-speed peer-to-peer communication network (Ethernet) through standardization. IEC 61850 presents a set of standard object-oriented (00) data models to describe the processes to be implemented and controlled in a substation and a set of service models for the interactions between devices in a substation and the transfer of all sorts of IED data. IEC 61850 proposes the concept of standardizing IED data using data objects referred to as logical nodes. This makes it possible to achieve the "plug and play" capability so that information and commands can be shared on a single network independent from any implementation. In this paper, the authors describe the standard's application-view model and present the use of 00 methodology and techniques for the implementation of the Logical Node (LN) application-view data model of the standard. The target audience for this paper includes power system protection and automation engineers and technicians as well as research personnel who have at least a basic understanding of the IEC 61850 international standard and other technology mechanisms addressed in this paper.

关键词： Application-view model IEC 61850 IED object-oriented methods substation automation systems unified modeling language

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An architecture for scheduling and control in flexible manufacturing systems using distributed objects

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION 2002年第4期18卷 452-462页

作者： Tai, TT Boucher, TO Aspentech Technol Inc New Providence NJ 07974 USA Rutgers State Univ Dept Ind Engn Piscataway NJ 08854 USA

Modern manufacturing systems are highly automated and require distributed architectures in order to integrate enterprise-wide planning and decision making while providing scalability. In this paper, we introduce an architecture for scheduling and controlling a manufacturing system using distributed objects. We design a cell object, which encapsulates data and methods for scheduling and controlling the cell resources. New jobs entering the manufacturing system are allocated to cells based on schedules computed in real time by these distributed cell objects. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach through empirical trials that compare it to scheduling and job dispatching using other methods.

关键词： discrete event systems distributed control flexible manufacturing systems object-oriented methods

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Using patterns to create component documentation

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IEEE SOFTWARE 1998年第2期15卷 84-+页

作者： Kotula, J Stratasys Inc Eden Prairie MN 55344 USA

When designing a component, the developer holds certain usage scenarios in mind. But this is not enough. If customers do not understand the component's purpose and how its developer expected it to be used, they will misuse it. Good documentation is the primary means of communication between a software component's creator and its users, providing insight into design intent, use cases, and potential problems. The author provides four examples that show how patterns can provide guidance on documentation content, structure, and presentation.

关键词： object-oriented methods subroutines system documentation component documentation design intent design patterns documentation content documentation presentation documentation structure object-oriented design use cases program and system documentation subroutine object-oriented design object orientation design pattern

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Difficulties in the transition from OO analysis to design

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IEEE SOFTWARE 1999年第5期16卷 94-102页

作者： Kaindl, H Siemens AG Austria A-1030 Vienna Austria

The transition from object-oriented analysis to object-oriented design is indeed difficult. Unfortunately, most of the literature on this topic has incorrectly assessed this issue since the notion of OOA was introduce... 详细信息

关键词： object-oriented methods object-oriented analysis object-oriented design object-oriented development systems analysis-to-design transition object orientation object-oriented design object-oriented analysis

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Using objects to model finite deformation plasticity

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ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS 1999年第1期15卷 37-60页

作者： Zabaras, N Srikanth, A Cornell Univ Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn Ithaca NY 14853 USA

An object-oriented finite element framework has been developed for the Lagrangian analysis of thermoplasticity coupled with ductile damage at finite strains. The paper presents the development of a general reusable and extensible class structure that allows for the easy implementation, testing and maintenance of various algorithms for the constitutive, kinematic and contact subproblems of the deformation problem, as well as for heat transfer analysis. A forming example, is presented to demonstrate the ability of the developed simulator to model hot forming of microporous materials.

关键词： finite deformations metal forming object-oriented methods

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Method for the analysis and design of class characteristic migrations during object system evolution

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2001年第4期26卷 237-257页

作者： Castellani, X Jiang, H Billionnet, A CEDRIC IIE CNAM Res Lab F-91025 Evry France Genoscope Ctr Natl Sequencage F-71057 Evry France

We propose a method to assist designers in the analysis and design of the migrations of class characteristics (attributes and methods) during object system evolution. This method advocates: . to analyze a migration by identifying transfer links that will be used to transfer class characteristics;. to design the graph of the transfer links of a migration by decomposing it into components that minimize the amount of work required to carry out the modifications of the classes concerned by the migration, that can be studied separately and then possibly dispatching to designers;these components are groups of classes strongly coupled and separate (i.e. the classes making up each component are strongly coupled by transfer links, and no links occur between the classes of different components). Among the partitions of a migration obtained with such components, the best ones are those whose components minimize the amount of work required to carry out the modifications of the classes concerned by the migration. These partitions are such that classes are implicated in the minimum number components. In case several best partitions are found, we choose the ones which have the fewest components. The components of a migration are represented by maximal bipartite complete subgraphs of the graph of transfers of a migration that defines a partition of a set of its arcs. Efficient algorithms for building a partition of a directed graph by searching for such subgraphs do not exist in the graph theory. We propose three approaches for building a partition of the graph of transfers of a migration: a departure approach that places emphasis on the classes from which class characteristics are transferred, an arrival approach that places emphasis on the classes to which class characteristics are transferred, and a simulated annealing approach used in operations research. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： evolution maintenance migration object-oriented methods transfer of characteristics partitions of migration

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An intelligent decision support system for on-demand fixture retrieval, adaptation and manufacture

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JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 2017年第2期28卷 189-211页

作者： Kasie, Fentahun Moges Bright, Glen Walker, Anthony Univ KwaZulu Natal Dept Mech Engn Durban South Africa Hawassa Univ Hawassa Ethiopia

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to propose a decision support system (DSS) that stabilizes the flow of fixtures in manufacturing systems. The proposed DSS assists decision-makers to reuse or adapt the available fixtures or to manufacture new fixtures depending upon the similarity between the past and new cases. It considers the cost effectiveness of the proposed decision when an adaptation decision is passed. Design/methodology/approach - The research problem is addressed by integrating case-based reasoning, rule-based reasoning and fuzzy set theory. Cases are represented using an object-oriented (OO) approach to characterize them by their feature vectors. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and the inverse of weighted Euclidean distance measure are applied for case retrieval. A machining operation is illustrated as a computational example to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed DSS. Findings - The problems of fixture assignment and control have not been well-addressed in the past, although fixture management is one of the complex problems in manufacturing. The proposed DSS is a promising approach to address such kinds of problems using the three components of an artificial intelligence and FAHP. Research limitations/implications - Although the DSS is tested in a laboratory environment using a numerical example, it has not been validated in real industrial systems. Practical implications - The DSS is proposed in terms of simple rules and equations. This implies that it is not complex for software development and implementation. The illustrated numerical example indicates that the proposed DSS can be implemented in the real-world. Originality/value - Demand-driven fixture retrieval and manufacture to assign the right fixtures to planned part-orders using an intelligent DSS is the main contribution. It provides special consideration for the adaptation of the available fixtures in a system.

关键词： Decision making Decision support systems Analytical hierarchy process Artifical intelligence Fuzzy sets object-oriented methods

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An overview of the telecommunications information networking architecture

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1996年第3期8卷 135-141页

作者： Chapman, M Dupuy, F Nilsson, G FRANCE TELECOM CNETLAAEIABSAF-22301 LANNIONFRANCE ERICSSON TELECOM AB ELLEMTELATM BROADBANDS-12625 STOCKHOLMSWEDEN

The Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture (TINA) Consortium is an international collaboration aiming at defining and validating an open architecture for telecommunication services for the broadband, multimedia, and information era. The architecture is based on distributed computing, object orientation, and other concepts and standards from the telecommunications and computing industries. This paper provides an introduction to TINA.

关键词： Multimedia communications standards distributed processing Computer networks and techniques telecommunication services broadband networks management architecture object-oriented methods interworking service specification object-oriented programming Distributed systems software Computer communications broadband communication information networks multimedia communication network architecture object orientation legacy systems telecommunication computing distributed computing computing industry open architecture tool-set telecommunication network management TINA consortium computing architecture telecommunication standards Network management telecommunications industry service design Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture service architecture information era open systems Communications computing international collaboration

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CODESIGN FROM COSPECIFICATION

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COMPUTER 1994年第1期27卷 42-47页

作者： WOO, NS DUNLOP, AE WOLF, W PRINCETON UNIV PRINCETONNJ 08544

In traditional embedded system design. system architects decide which parts of the system will be in hardware or software. For certain operations the decision is clear: high-speed packet manipulation, for example, will be implemented in hardware, and a recursive search will be software-based. However, some operations are codesign operations and can be implemented in hardware or software or both. This article investigates automated partitioning of behavior into hardware and software. The authors' design methodology allows gradual, continuous repartitioning of codesign operations during design. They use an object-oriented approach to identify the basic objects and associated functions of a system. Their prototype codesign specification language, object-oriented Functional Specifications (OOFS), lets them describe system state in objects and write object methods as pure functions. Thus, they can describe complex systems without biasing the implementation toward hardware or software. Once OOFS generates system specifications. a compiler and a circuit synthesizer compile the tagged specifications into software or hardware for design or simulation. The authors illustrate their design methodology with a tic-tac-toe board implemented in various combinations of hardware and software.

关键词： OOFS object-oriented Functional Specifications automated partitioning codesign cospecification design methodology hardware logic design object-oriented object-oriented methods prototype codesign specification language software software engineering specification languages

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Comparison of threshold identification techniques for object-oriented software metrics

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IET SOFTWARE 2020年第6期14卷 727-738页

作者： Shatnawi, Raed Jordan Univ Sci & Technol Dept Software Engn Irbid 22110 Jordan

Quality assurance is a continuous process throughout the project lifecycle from inception till post-delivery. Software metrics are tools to help developers in achieving software quality objectives. Software metrics are used to predict the fault-proneness of classes in software using machine-learning and statistical techniques. However, these methodologies are difficult for daily tasks. Simpler and on the fly methodologies such as threshold values are needed. Metric thresholds can be used to control software quality and to recommend improvements on software code. Thresholds detect the parts of software that need more verification and validation. Many threshold identification techniques were proposed in previous research. However, the techniques do not provide consistent thresholds. The authors compare eight threshold identification techniques to diagnose software fault-proneness. The eight techniques are derived from diagnosis measures such as specificity, sensitivity, recall and precision. Five threshold identification techniques have derived thresholds that are skewed and have large standard deviations. Only three techniques are selected for threshold identification based on consistency and variation in selecting thresholds of software metrics in the systems under study. These techniques find thresholds that have the least variation among the studied techniques. The median of the 11 systems is selected as a representative of all thresholds.

关键词： learning (artificial intelligence) software quality software fault tolerance software metrics project management product life cycle management statistical analysis object-oriented methods program verification threshold identification techniques object oriented software metrics statistical techniques software quality assurance metric thresholds software code software fault proneness project lifecycle machine learning software verification software validation

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