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object-based sound synthesis for virtual environments - Using musical acoustics

IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE 2000年第6期17卷 37-51页

作者： Pedersini, F Sarti, A Tubara, S Politecn Milan I-20133 Milan Italy

We show how to construct an object-based environment for soundgeneration, whose objects can be individually synthesized and which caninteract with each other through modelling of a potential interactiontopology. We show how this interaction topology can be mode dynamic andtime-varying. We also discuss how we envision an object-basedenvironment that integrates geometric, radiometric, andintrinsic/extrinsic acoustic properties. We finally illustrate our firstresults towards modelling of complex sound generation systems

关键词： acoustic generators acoustic signal processing audio signal processing musical acoustics object-oriented methods reviews signal synthesis dynamic topology geometric properties interaction topology intrinsic/extrinsic acoustic properties object-based envi Acoustic signal processing Modeling object orientation Signal synthesis audio signal processing Synthesis of Sound

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Towards a taxonomy of errors in PLC programming

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COGNITION TECHNOLOGY & WORK 2015年第3期17卷 417-430页

作者： Duschl, Kerstin C. Gramss, Denise Obermeier, Martin Vogel-Heuser, Birgit Tech Univ Munich Chair Automat & Informat Syst D-85747 Garching Germany

Based on previous studies on programming errors and their causes, the presented paper investigates errors that application engineers in the area of machine and plant automation make while creating either function block diagrams, plcML [an adaption of the unified modelling language (UML)] or modAT4rMS code (a newly developed modelling language that adapts and combines aspects of UML and SysML). A laboratory-based study with 52 mechatronics apprentices and electrical engineering technicians with knowhow in manufacturing system design but comparably undeveloped programming skills has been conducted, in which the subjects' errors and think-aloud statements during code creation were recorded. In a subsequent step, these data have been analysed by the cognitive causes of the coding errors applying the skill-rules-knowledge framework. As a result, a taxonomy of errors is presented. Results indicate that most of the errors in the subjects' code are due to insufficient understanding of the notation's syntax, problems with the rules of encapsulation, the creation of modules and finally with the creation of variants and aggregations, which are all located at the rule-based level. Errors at the skill-based level mainly occurred during behavioural modelling with modAT4rMS. It is argued that the provided insights can be used for improving education on programmable logic controller (PLC) languages and for the design of tools that support PLC programmers at detecting and fixing errors within their code.

关键词： Automation Errors Human factors object-oriented methods Software engineering

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Cellular neural networks for video compression: An object-oriented approach

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS 2007年第5期17卷 1703-1711页

作者： Grassi, Giuseppe Vecchio, Pietro Grieco, Luigi A. Di Sciascio, Eugenio Univ Lecce Dipartimento Ingn Innovaz I-73100 Lecce Italy Politecnico Bari Dipartimento Elettron & Elettron I-70124 Bari Italy

Video compression technologies have recently become an integral part of the way we create, communicate and consume visual information. The aim of this Letter is to show that the Cellular Neural Network (CNN) paradigm can be exploited for obtaining accurate video compression. In particular, the Letter presents an architecture that combines CNN algorithms and H. 264 codec. The compression capabilities of the devised coding system are analyzed in detail using some benchmark video sequences, and comparisons are carried out between the CNN-based approach and the H. 264 codec working alone. The outcome of the analysis is that the CNN-based coding approach outperforms the H. 264 codec working alone, allowing to perceive the capabilities of the CNN paradigm.

关键词： CNN video compression image analysis object-oriented methods

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object-oriented INTELLIGENT COMPUTER-INTEGRATED DESIGN, PROCESS PLANNING, AND INSPECTION

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COMPUTER 1993年第3期26卷 54-65页

作者： MAREFAT, M MALHOTRA, S KASHYAP, RL PURDUE UNIV ENGN RES CTR INTELLIGENT MFG SYSTW LAFAYETTEIN 47907

The methodology for developing intelligent integrated computer-aided design and manufacturing systems based on object-oriented principles is discussed. The ways in which the application of these principles affects the nature of these systems are reviewed. The implementation of an automated, intelligent, and flexible computer-integrated-manufacturing (CIM) system prototype using an object-oriented programming environment (Smalltalk-80, Version 4.0) is detailed. A CIM system includes CAD, a process planner, and an inspection planner. Each of these components is discussed individually

关键词： CAD CIM system Smalltalk-80 computer integrated manufacturing flexible computer-integrated-manufacturing inspection inspection planner intelligent integrated computer-aided design knowledge based systems manufacturing systems object-oriented methods object-oriented principles object-oriented programming object-oriented programming environment process planner

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An object-oriented model of measurement systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT 1998年第1期47卷 104-107页

作者： Yang, QP Butler, C Brunel Univ Ctr Mfg Metrol Uxbridge UB8 3PH Middx England

This paper presents a general object-oriented model for measurement systems. The limitations of the conventional function-oriented models are examined in the light of the generalized concept of measurement and its theoretical framework proposed previously by the authors. The proposed model identifies five classes of objects, i.e., measured object, measuring instrument, reference standard, human observer, and operating environment. Each is characterized by its own attributes and operations or functions at three levels, i.e., internal, operational, and environmental. The interactions between them are also modeled, including the coupling between the measured object and the measuring instrument, the human-instrument interface, the calibration, and the interference, It serves as both a modeling framework and a practical tool for description, analysis and design, and, in particular, for computer-aided analysis and design of a measuring system, It will find applications in instrumentation engineering and measurement research and education.

关键词： measurement science measurement system data handling modeling object-oriented methods system analysis and design virtual instrumentation

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Ontology-based trajectory simulation framework

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN ENGINEERING 2008年第1期8卷 014503-1--014503-页

作者： Durak, Umut Oguztuzun, Halit Ider, S. Kemal TUBITAK SAGE TR-06261 Ankara Turkey METU Comp Engn TR-06531 Ankara Turkey METU Mech Engn TR-06531 Ankara Turkey

Trajectory simulations are tools to compute the flight path and flight parameters of munitions. We present an ontology-based object-oriented reuse infrastructure and discuss the underlying model driven development methodology. The strategic objective is to make domain knowledge and software reusable across a wide variety of trajectory simulation projects.

关键词： object-oriented methods Ontologies Matlab Simulation ontologies (artificial intelligence) aerospace computing Trajectories (Physics) digital simulation software reusability Computer software

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Integrated BOM and routing generator for variety synchronization in assembly-to-order production

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JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 2005年第2期16卷 233-243页

作者： Du, Jun Jiao, Yuan-Yuan Jiao, Jianxin Tianjin Univ Sch Management Tianjin Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Mech & Prod Engn Singapore Singapore

Purpose - Traditional production management systems are often designed to support manufacturing based on a limited number of product variants. With the emerging trend of producing customized products to meet diverse customer needs, the number of product variants increases exponentially in mass customization. In a situation of assembly-to-order production, production planning and control involve not only product variety, but also process variety. It is imperative to synchronize product and process variety in a coherent manner. Design/methodology/approach - This paper discusses integrated product and production data management for assembly-to-order production. An integrated BOM and routing generator is proposed for the purpose of unifying BOM and assembly-planning data in order to accommodate a wide range of product variability and production variations. Findings - An integrated BOM and routing generator excels in variety synchronization for assembly-to-order production planning. Research limitations/implications - Variety synchronization opens many opportunities for research into mass customization production. It is important to deal with not only the results of high variety production but also the causes of process variations. Practical implications - The proposed methodology is applicable to manage high variety production like mass customization. Originality/value - The paper proposes the variety synchronization issue in mass customization. An object-oriented methodology is applied to manage variety of BOMs and variety of routings.

关键词： Mass customization Bespoke production object-oriented methods Production planning

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A CATALOGING FRAMEWORK FOR SOFTWARE-DEVELOPMENT methods

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COMPUTER 1993年第2期26卷 34-&页

作者： KARAM, GM CASSELMAN, RS Dept. of Syst. & Comput. Eng. Carleton Univ. Ottawa Ont.

A framework providing a basis for comparing and evaluating software development methods (SDMs), which are systems of technical procedures and notational conventions for the organized construction of software-based systems, is presented. Using the framework, practitioners and methodologists can describe and rate an SDM's support for 21 properties. The application of the framework to two examples, OMT and R.J.A. Buhr's (1990) architectural design, is discussed. Several suggested uses of the framework include: comparing a group of SDMs with one another; defining a standard in terms of the framework and then using this as a basis for discussion; examining an SDM to discover its coverage and capabilities; and combining the properties of different SDMs to create a new SDM

关键词： OMT SDMs architectural design cataloging framework notational conventions object modelling technique object-oriented methods organized construction software development methods software engineering software selection software-based systems standard standards technical procedures

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A software framework for the development of Web-based medical education using learning object classes

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MEDICAL INFORMATICS AND THE INTERNET IN MEDICINE 2006年第1期31卷 9-22页

作者： Wu, Ting Zimolong, Andreas Schiffers, Norbert Radermacher, Klaus Univ Aachen Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Helmholtz Inst Biomed Engn D-52074 Aachen Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Orthopaed Clin D-5100 Aachen Germany

A software framework for the development of Web-based medical education is proposed. The objective is to optimize the development process by introducing Learning objects (LO) and Learning object Classes ( LO Classes) so that the content preparation can be separated from the educational issues, ergonomic design, and technical realization. Based on the concept of case-based, problem-oriented education, different learning scenarios were analysed and then modelled as different LOs. These LOs can be further abstracted in several reusable LO Classes that represent certain patterns of content structure, pedagogical concept, and user interface. With the help of LO input templates, the educational material can be prepared by the authors in the authoring process easily and appropriately. An LO content management system was developed to store and maintain different LOs and to generate the Web-presentation of LOs adaptively and dynamically in the tutoring process. This software framework has been applied to the exemplary development of an interactive course in orthopaedics. The LOs and LO Classes also help to maintain consistency of the course representation to users. As a result, more efficiency in the development phase and good usability and quality of the end products can be achieved.

关键词： medical education Web-based training learning object learning object class object-oriented methods

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Design of distributed control systems in the next millennium

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COMPUTING & CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1997年第4期8卷 148-152页

作者： Lewis, R Omron Elect Ltd Southampton Hants England

New technologies and standards are emerging that are set to have a dramatic effect on the design and implementation of industrial control systems. These technologies will reduce the time to bring new systems on stream, and leverage the integration of business and industrial systems. The fusion of distributed object technology, with function blocks as defined in the new IEC standard 1499, will allow distributed industrial control systems to be created by the interconnection of software components.

关键词： business systems Production engineering computing Control engineering computing standards control system synthesis distributed control IEC standard 1499 distributed object technology Standards and calibration object-oriented methods distributed control systems design software component interconnection industrial control systems Control in industrial production systems Industrial applications of IT time industrial systems industrial control

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