Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) has been extensively studied as a winter cover crop in conservation agriculture using experimental and modeling approaches. Previous studies generally modeled cereal rye by modifying exi...
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Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) has been extensively studied as a winter cover crop in conservation agriculture using experimental and modeling approaches. Previous studies generally modeled cereal rye by modifying existing cash crop models. This study aims to develop a new cereal rye vegetative growth model and evaluate model accuracy. The new model, namely RYESIM, employs object-oriented programming techniques and a linked-list data structure to present the emergence order of cereal rye organs, such as leaves, internodes, and tillers. Individual organs are abstracted as "classes," which encapsulate organs' morphological features and emergence- growth-senescence processes as member variables and functions. Multiple organs are assembled based on the tiller hierarchy to formulate the cereal rye plant architecture. RYESIM also contains "representative plant" as an average process among multiple individual plants, which bridges individual organs' growth and field-scale averaged plant morphology, as well as ensuring plant-level biomass and nitrogen (N) mass balance. Existing soil (2DSOIL) and biochemical photosynthesis models are incorporated to estimate soil water-nutrient supply, carbon assimilation and transpiration. RYESIM was evaluated using published field data measured in the Mid- Atlantic region of the USA. Compared to observed values, the relative mean absolute errors of RYESIM for tiller number, aboveground biomass and N mass were within 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 (with exceptions), and the RYESIM simulated values fell within the value ranges from literature results. Therefore, RYESIM provides effective simulations on cereal rye vegetative growth, and the RYESIM model structure also provides a paradigm for future "multi-tiller" cash crop model development.
The object-oriented programming is widely used in different fields of finite element analysis (FEA). The commonly used object-oriented codes were almost written by C++. Due to the inability to automatically manage mem...
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The object-oriented programming is widely used in different fields of finite element analysis (FEA). The commonly used object-oriented codes were almost written by C++. Due to the inability to automatically manage memory and the lack of gigantic standard library and a third-party library for C++, building matrix classes are needed and a strong programming ability for program developers is also necessary. The conventional FEM method still has many disadvantages such as poor accuracy, hard stiffness matrix, mesh dependence and lack of upper bound solution. The smoothed FEM (S-FEM) method proposed by Liu et al. can efficiently overcome these disadvantages and is therefore widely used in FEA. In this work, the elastic-plastic CS-FEM method is extended and implemented using Python programming based on the framework proposed [H. Li and Y. Xiao, Implementation and numerical simulation on object-oriented elastic-plastic finite element method based on Python, J. Syst. Simul. 36(5) (2024) 1107-1117] The resulting object-oriented elastic-plastic CS-FEM framework is then applied to FEA of elastic-plastic mechanics problems. The correctness of the resulting framework and the high computational accuracy and good mesh adaptability of CS-FEM models have been verified by comparing the corresponding results with an analytical solution or ABAQUS results. The object-oriented elastic-plastic CS-FEM framework provides a more efficient and adaptable approach to FEA, and can also overcome many limitations of the conventional FEM method and C++ programming. The use of Python and the CS-FEM method offers improved computational accuracy, mesh adaptability and development efficiency, and this will make it a valuable tool for solving practical problems in mechanics and engineering.
This paper proposes a new fracture mechanics based OOP tool for damage tolerant evaluation of cracked structural components including tubular joints subjected to constant and variable amplitude loading. To meet requir...
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This paper proposes a new fracture mechanics based OOP tool for damage tolerant evaluation of cracked structural components including tubular joints subjected to constant and variable amplitude loading. To meet requirements of damage tolerant evaluation of structural components, interactive and user-friendly software, has been developed by using OOP concepts. Application of OOP concepts with class and sequence diagrams generated using unified modified language (UML) design tool has been explained with reference to the software. Graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed using VC++, which acts as a client at the front end, while the database developed using MS-ACCESS-XP acts as the server at the back-end. Database design for typical structural components with different crack configurations has been shown in the form of tables. The details of various program modules and structure of GUI have been outlined. Number of benchmark problems has been solved through GUI for verification and validation. The efficacy of the software has been illustrated through an example problem. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The usual boundary element analysis programs are coded in FORTRAN, which makes it difficult to build and maintain complex program systems. This paper presents the idea and implementation of the object-oriented program...
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The usual boundary element analysis programs are coded in FORTRAN, which makes it difficult to build and maintain complex program systems. This paper presents the idea and implementation of the object-oriented programming approach for the boundary clement method in two-dimensional heat transfer analysis. The advantages of the object-oriented programming for developing the complicated boundary element analysis program are demonstrated by examples for two different types of partial differential equations: the Laplace equation and the diffusion equation. Based on the object-oriented programming approach together with the efficient coding in C+ +. computer programs for the above problems are systematic, brief and readable. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This paper gives a bibliographical review of the object-oriented programming applied to the finite element method as well as to the boundary element method. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains references...
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This paper gives a bibliographical review of the object-oriented programming applied to the finite element method as well as to the boundary element method. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations on the subject that were published between 1990 and 2003. The following topics are included: finite element method-object-oriented programming philosophy, mesh modelling, distributed/parallel processing, toolkits and libraries, object-oriented specific applications (aerospace, civil engineering/geomechanics, coupled problems, dynamical systems, electromagnetics, fracture mechanics and contact problems, material simulations/manufacturing, mechanical engineering, nonlinear structural simulations, optimization, others);boundary element method. Totally 408 references are listed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The general deformation problem with material and geometric non-linearities is typically divided into a number of subproblems including the kinematic, the constitutive, and the contact/friction subproblems. These prob...
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The general deformation problem with material and geometric non-linearities is typically divided into a number of subproblems including the kinematic, the constitutive, and the contact/friction subproblems. These problems are introduced for algorithmic purposes;however, each of them represents distinct physical aspects of the deformation process. For each of these subproblems, several well-established mathematical and numerical models based on the finite element method have been proposed for their solution. Recent developments in software engineering and in the field of object-oriented C++ programming have made it possible to model physical processes and mechanisms more expressively than ever before. In particular, the various subproblems and computational models in a large inelastic deformation analysis can be implemented using appropriate hierarchies of classes that accurately represent their underlying physical, mathematical and/or geometric structures. This paper addresses such issues and demonstrates that an approach to deformation processing using classes, inheritance and virtual functions allows a very fast and robust implementation and testing of various physical processes and computational algorithms. Here, specific ideas are provided for the development of an object-oriented C++ programming approach to the FEM analysis of large inelastic deformations. It is shown that the maintainability, generality, expandability, and code re-usability of such FEM codes are highly improved. Finally, the efficiency and accuracy of an object-oriented programming approach to the analysis of large inelastic deformations are investigated using a number of benchmark metal-forming examples. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This article describes an object-oriented implementation of the finite element method and the finite volume method in a unified adaptive system using the programming language C++. The system applies to various types o...
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This article describes an object-oriented implementation of the finite element method and the finite volume method in a unified adaptive system using the programming language C++. The system applies to various types of mathematical model problems. Traditionally, different numerical methods for different types of problems are implemented independently by procedural languages such as C and Fortran. Moreover, adaptive analysis programs are more complicated than nonadaptive programs. Nevertheless, these methods share many common properties such as linear system solvers, data structures, a posteriori error analyses, and refinement processes. Some advantageous features of object-oriented programming are demonstrated through the integration of these properties in the adaptive system. New data types of objects specific to adaptive methods are also introduced. The system is well-structured, extendable, and maintainable due mainly to the nature of encapsulation and inheritance of object-oriented programming.
object-oriented programming is a new approach to software construction which is becoming widely used. It aids the engineering of software by providing powerful techniques for structuring and reusability. A summary of ...
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object-oriented programming is a new approach to software construction which is becoming widely used. It aids the engineering of software by providing powerful techniques for structuring and reusability. A summary of the architectural features of OOP is followed by a description of the language mechanisms used to realize them, using as examples smalltalk -80 and c ++. The paper describes ways in which reusable software may be presented, and explains the construction of generic applications. Finally, some current research issues and some other uses of object-oriented ideas are discussed.
A new method of writing boundary element programmes using the programming paradigms known as object-oriented programming (OOP) is presented in this paper. Among OOP paradigms, C++ is more suited to numerical programmi...
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A new method of writing boundary element programmes using the programming paradigms known as object-oriented programming (OOP) is presented in this paper. Among OOP paradigms, C++ is more suited to numerical programming than a pure OOP language, and the fact that C++ is chosen in this paper intends to illustrate the efficiency of object-orient boundary element programming. The advantage of object-orient boundary element programming-i.e. being superior to other paradigms such as FORTRAN-is shown by discussion of a sample C++ code of boundary element methods. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The object-oriented paradigm shows great potential as a means for revolutionizing software development. In the last decade, much research has been directed towards the development of design methods, languages, environ...
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The object-oriented paradigm shows great potential as a means for revolutionizing software development. In the last decade, much research has been directed towards the development of design methods, languages, environments, reusable libraries of software components and database systems to support this paradigm. The first part of the paper presents the terminology of the object-oriented paradigm, reviews the state-of-the-art in object-oriented programming and discusses class libraries and object-oriented design. The second part of the paper discusses its application in the area of computer-aided control system design. It is argued that the adoption of these ideas will increase greatly the productivity of software developers in this field and improve the facilities that will be offered to users.
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