Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detecti...
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Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detection approaches, ranging from traditional heuristic algorithms to machine learning methods, are used to identify these defects. Ensemble learning methods have strengthened the detection of these defects. However, existing approaches do not simultaneously exploit the capabilities of extracting relevant features from pre-trained models and the performance of neural networks for the classification task. Therefore, our goal has been to design a model that combines a pre-trained model to extract relevant features from code excerpts through transfer learning and a bagging method with a base estimator, a dense neural network, for defect classification. To achieve this, we composed multiple samples of the same size with replacements from the imbalanced dataset MLCQ1. For all the samples, we used the CodeT5-small variant to extract features and trained a bagging method with the neural network Roberta Classification Head to classify defects based on these features. We then compared this model to RandomForest, one of the ensemble methods that yields good results. Our experiments showed that the number of base estimators to use for bagging depends on the defect to be detected. Next, we observed that it was not necessary to use a data balancing technique with our model when the imbalance rate was 23%. Finally, for blob detection, RandomForest had a median MCC value of 0.36 compared to 0.12 for our method. However, our method was predominant in Long Method detection with a median MCC value of 0.53 compared to 0.42 for RandomForest. These results suggest that the performance of ensemble methods in detecting structural development defects is dependent on specific defects.
This paper presents a new modelling architecture and a formal modelling approach based on concepts derived from object-oriented programming. It also presents the conclusions of a comparative study of the methods used ...
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This paper presents a new modelling architecture and a formal modelling approach based on concepts derived from object-oriented programming. It also presents the conclusions of a comparative study of the methods used for numerical and formal solution. The architecture and approach that are described here have been applied to a complex real system : modelling the road behaviour of an articulated vehicle - a tractor and semi-trailer.
This paper describes the methodological and implementational aspects of an intelligent system which is being developed for the planning of plant-side process operations such as start-up, response to faults, optimizati...
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This paper describes the methodological and implementational aspects of an intelligent system which is being developed for the planning of plant-side process operations such as start-up, response to faults, optimization, etc. In particular, it shows how knowledge is modeled, how the planning methodology is structured, and how current developments in artificial intelligence and LISP computers are being used to provide the implementational framework.
Personal workstations with bitmap displays and window systems are becoming a widely used computing tool. This article describes some of the capabilities of an experimental package for drawing scatterplots and histogra...
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Personal workstations with bitmap displays and window systems are becoming a widely used computing tool. This article describes some of the capabilities of an experimental package for drawing scatterplots and histograms that has been implemented on such a workstation. An example illustrates how those capabilities can be used in the graphical analysis of a data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
A knowledge representation scheme for systems modelling should support system qualification, system decomposition and model composition, and the generation of representations suitable for multiple types of model servi...
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A knowledge representation scheme for systems modelling should support system qualification, system decomposition and model composition, and the generation of representations suitable for multiple types of model service. This paper describes a prototype, based on domain specific knowledge representations, aimed at providing multiple model services. The functionality of some typical reasoning rules used for manipulating the knowledge represented in different objects is outlined and the desired features of applications also indicated. The results show that a unified approach, intelligent object-oriented modelling, could provide an ideal approach to the problem of multi-disciplinary system modelling and might be responsible for progress that eases the difficult task of encoding heterogeneous knowledge of realworld applications
We present an object model that is the ground for several software products written by our team in C++ and used by our customers for over 10 years. The object model has allowed us to design software packages of many c...
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We present an object model that is the ground for several software products written by our team in C++ and used by our customers for over 10 years. The object model has allowed us to design software packages of many components and achieve high level of code reuse due to specific features of the model. Besides the object model, we also present several common infrastructure components that could be useful for the development of any general-purpose software system in C++.
The paper presents a large scale nonlinear model which is used for supporting international negotiations aimed at improving air quality in Europe. The model helps to identify cost effective measures for reducing air p...
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The paper presents a large scale nonlinear model which is used for supporting international negotiations aimed at improving air quality in Europe. The model helps to identify cost effective measures for reducing air pollution emissions and to examine the resulting concentrations of tropospheric ozone acidification and eutrophication. Several methodological and technical issues related to the specification, generation and optimization-based analysis of large nonlinear models for decision support that are of a more general interest are presented.
This paper describes work on developing a tool to support the analysis of the impact of an FMS, at the stage of design of the system. The tool described is an objectoriented discrete-event simulation program capable o...
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This paper describes work on developing a tool to support the analysis of the impact of an FMS, at the stage of design of the system. The tool described is an objectoriented discrete-event simulation program capable of modeling alternative systems configurations and analysing the FMS using multiple performance measures. The simulator is implemented in C++ and after being totally verified, it is in the process of validation. The main objective of the paper is to present a complete description of the simulation model, with an emphasis on the conceptual design.
We present an approach to providing broad-based accessibility to graphical applications by employing the capabilities of the Eclipse platform and aspect-orientedprogramming (AOP) in away that leverages the strengths ...
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We present an approach to providing broad-based accessibility to graphical applications by employing the capabilities of the Eclipse platform and aspect-orientedprogramming (AOP) in away that leverages the strengths of each. We first describe the Eclipse platform and the variety of frameworks that can be useful to the effort. We also present the advantages of aspect-orientedprogramming and contrast aspect-orientedprogramming with object-oriented programming (OOP). Then, we discuss how to use the Eclipse frameworks and AOP in the design of accessible Eclipse-based applications and share some situations of when to leverage these frameworks and when we do not from the perspective of robustness and efficiency.
The problem of development of the support system for design and introducing of intelligent control algorithms for the complex controlling system components is discussed. The model of controlling algorithm, which combi...
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The problem of development of the support system for design and introducing of intelligent control algorithms for the complex controlling system components is discussed. The model of controlling algorithm, which combines dynamic, intelligent and object-oriented approaches is suggested and analyzed. The intelligent possibilities and problems of real-time interpretation of the model are considered. The application in software for spacecraft components control algorithms design is discussed.
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