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New Software-Based Readout Driver for the ATLAS Experiment

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 2021年第8期68卷 1811-1817页

作者： Kolos, Serguei Crone, Gordon Vazquez, William P. Univ Calif Irvine Dept Phys & Astron Irvine CA 92697 USA UCL Dept Phys & Astron London WC1E 6BT England Royal Holloway Univ London London TW20 0EX England

To maintain sensitivity to new physics in the coming years of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operations, A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS (ATLAS) collaboration has been working on upgrading a portion of the front-end (FE) electronics and replacing some parts of the detector with new devices that can operate under the much harsher background conditions of future LHC runs. The legacy FE of the ATLAS detector sent data to the data acquisition (DAQ) system via the so-called Read Out Drivers (RODs) custom-made VMEbus boards devoted to data processing, configuration, and control. The data were then received by the Read Out System (ROS), which was responsible for buffering them during the High-Level Trigger (HLT) processing. From Run 3 onward, all new trigger and detector systems will be read out using new components, replacing the combination of the ROD and the ROS. This new path will feature an application called the Software Read Out Driver (SW ROD), which will run on a commodity server receiving FE data via the Front-End Link eXchange (FELIX) system. The SW ROD will perform event fragment building and buffering as well as serving the data on request to the HLT. The SW ROD application has been designed as a highly customizable high-performance framework providing support for detector-specific event building and data processing algorithms. The implementation that will be used for Run 3 of the LHC is capable of building event fragments at a rate of 100 kHz from an input stream consisting of up to 120 MHz of individual data packets. This document will cover the design and the implementation of the SW ROD application and will present the results of performance measurements executed on the server models selected to host SW ROD applications during Run 3.

关键词： Detectors Software Servers Protocols Large Hadron Collider Buildings Iron Data acquisition (DAQ) data collection data transfer object-oriented programming

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Enhancement of an object-oriented expert system for contingency load transfer of distribution systems

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ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH 1997年第2期42卷 87-94页

作者： Wu, JS Lee, TE Tzeng, YM Chen, CS NATL KAOHSIUNG INST TECHNOL DEPT ELECT ENGNKAOHSIUNG 80782TAIWAN

This paper proposes a methodology to solve contingency load transfer of distribution systems by applying the object-oriented expert system. By this method, the faulted area is isolated and restored and the unfaulted, but out of service, area is restored effectively. Since the fault restoration has to be performed in a short time period and the affected area has to be constrained in a small area, it has become a critical issue to enhance the system reliability for the distribution system operation. The knowledge rule base with object-oriented programming can be designed to support distribution contingency management in an effective manner. The distribution facilities are designed as a class in the database and the distribution operation rules are created to form the knowledge base. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, one of the Taipower distribution systems is selected for computer simulation. It is concluded that the contingency load transfer of distribution systems can be solved efficiently by identifying the proper switching operation to solve the distribution contingency problem. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

关键词： object-oriented programming contingency load transfer expert system heuristic rules distribution system operation

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A real-time knowledge-based system for intelligent monitoring in complex, sensor-rich environments

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COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE 1998年第1期21卷 53-68页

作者： Beaulah, SA Chalabi, ZS Randle, DG Silsoe Res Inst Silsoe MK45 4HS Beds England

Real-time and on-line optimisation methods for control of large-scale systems use real-time sensor data to optimise the system's performance. The data need to be pre-processed for faults to safeguard against inappropriate control actions. Conventional real-time signal processing techniques are likely to fail because of the system's complexity and the processing speed required. A generic, real-time knowledge-based system-FLASH (FLexible Al for Signal Handling in real time)-has been developed to detect, diagnose and replace faulty sensor readings. Its effectiveness in processing signals for control in a complex, sensor-rich environment has been demonstrated in real-time environmental control of greenhouse microclimate. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： environmental control greenhouse knowledge-based systems object-oriented programming real-time operation sensor fault detection

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Analysing source code: looking for useful verb-direct object pairs in all the right places

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IET SOFTWARE 2008年第1期2卷 27-36页

作者： Fry, Z. P. Shepherd, D. Hill, E. Pollock, L. Vijay-Shanker, K. Univ Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA

The large time and effort devoted to software maintenance can be reduced by providing software engineers with software tools that automate tedious, error-prone tasks. However, despite the prevalence of tools such as IDEs, which automatically provide program information and automated support to the developer, there is considerable room for improvement in the existing software tools. The authors' previous work has demonstrated that using natural language information embedded in a program can significantly improve the effectiveness of various software maintenance tools. In particular, precise verb information from source code analysis is useful in improving tools for comprehension, maintenance and evolution of object-oriented code, by aiding in the discovery of scattered, action-oriented concerns. However, the precision of the extraction analysis can greatly affect the utility of the natural language information. The approach to automatically extracting precise natural language clues from source code in the form of verb-direct object (DO) pairs is described. The extraction process, the set of extraction rules and an empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of the automatic verb-DO pair extractor for Java source code are described.

关键词： software tools object-oriented code verb information natural language information software maintenance Software engineering techniques verb-direct object pairs Natural language processing natural language processing object-oriented programming object-oriented programming source code

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Steam tables for pure water as an ActiveX component in Visual Basic 6.0

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COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES 2003年第9期29卷 1155-1163页

作者： Verma, MP Geotermia Inst Invest Elect Cuernavaca 62490 Morelos Mexico

The IAPWS-95 formulation for the thermodynamic properties of pure water was implemented as an ActiveX component (SteamTables) in Visual Basic 6.0. For input parameters as temperature (T = 190-2000K) and pressure (P = 3.23 x 10(-8)-10,000 MPa) the program SteamTables calculates the following properties: volume (V), density (D), compressibility factor (Z(0)), internal energy (U), enthalpy (H), Gibbs free energy (G), Helmholtz free energy (A), entropy (S), heat capacity at constant pressure (C-p), heat capacity at constant volume (C-v), coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), isothermal compressibility (Z(iso)), velocity of sound (VelS), partial derivative of P with T at constant V (dPdT), partial derivative of T with Vat constant P (dTdV), partial derivative of V with P at constant T (dVdP), Joule-Thomson coefficient (JTC), isothermal throttling coefficient (IJTC), viscosity (Vis), thermal conductivity (ThrmCond), surface tension (SurfTen), Prandtl number (PrdNum) and dielectric constant (DielCons) for the liquid and vapor phases of pure water. It also calculates T as a function of P (or P as a function of T) along the sublimation, saturation and critical isochor curves, depending on the values of P (or T). The SteamTables can be incorporated in a program in any computer language, which supports object link embedding (OLE) in the Windows environment. An application of SteamTables is illustrated in a program in Visual Basic 6.0 to tabulate the values of the thermodynamic properties of water and vapor. Similarly, four functions, Temperature(Press), Pressure(Temp), State(Temp, Press) and WtrStmTbls(Temp, Press, Nphs, Nprop), where Temp, Press, Nphs and Nprop are temperature, pressure, phase number and property number, respectively, are written in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to use the SteamTables in a workbook in MS-Excel. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： steam tables water PVT characteristics object-oriented programming Visual Basic 6.0 IAPWS-95 formulation VBA MS-Excel

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Survey of component-based software development

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IET SOFTWARE 2007年第2期1卷 57-66页

作者： Mahmood, S. Lai, R. Kim, Y. S. La Trobe Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Bundoora Vic 3086 Australia Kyungwon Univ Songnam Coll Software Kyonggi Do 461701 South Korea

Because of the extensive uses of components, the Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) process is quite different from that of the traditional waterfall approach. CBSE not only requires focus on system specification and development, but also requires additional consideration for overall system context, individual components properties and component acquisition and integration process. The term component-based software development (CBD) can be referred to as the process for building a system using components. CBD life cycle consists of a set of phases, namely, identifying and selecting components based on stakeholder requirements, integrating and assembling the selected components and updating the system as components evolve over time with newer versions. This work presents an indicative literature survey of techniques proposed for different phases of the CBD life cycle. The aim of this survey is to help provide a better understanding of different CBD techniques for each of these areas.

关键词： component-based software development CBD life cycle Software engineering techniques stakeholder requirements component acquisition system specification object-oriented programming object-oriented programming software engineering overall system context

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A decision-making model for flexible manufacturing system

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ASSEMBLY AUTOMATION 2009年第1期29卷 32-40页

作者： Mehijerdi, Yahia Zare Yazd Univ Dept Ind Engn Yazd Iran

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop a computer aided decision-making model for flexible manufacturing system (FMS) situations when multiple conflicting objectives are addressed by the management. Design/methodology/approach - It is assumed that the problem is the managerial level schedule rather than the operational schedule. As a tool, goal programming has been employed for measuring the trade-offs among the objectives. As a safeguard, the level of the reliability of the constraints associated with the random coefficients is taken into consideration. As an optimization technique, the approach of chance constrained programming which has been an operational way for introducing probabilistic constraints into the collection of the linear programming and goal programming problem constraints is stated and mathematically formulated. Findings - The approach of chance constrained programming is suitable to introduce management concerns about the reliability of the constraints of the problem in the FMS. Originality/value - The paper gives an overview of the FMS and proposes a goal programming model for the analysis of problem. The proposed model acknowledges the randomness of customer demands for better standardization of production planning and inventory management systems. By the fact that customer demands are not always deterministic the hypothesis that sale level for each period is normally distributed is imposed. A sample example problem is provided to show how the proposed model can work.

关键词： Flexible Manufacturing systems object-oriented programming Logic programming Decision making Production scheduling Inventory control

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Integration testing of object-oriented and Aspect-oriented programs: A structural pairwise approach for Java

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER programming 2009年第10期74卷 861-878页

作者： Lazzarini Lemos, Otavio Augusto Franchin, Ivan Gustavo Masiero, Paulo Cesar ICMC USP Dept Sistemas Comp BR-13560970 Sao Carlos SP Brazil

Several testing approaches focus on finding faults in software units of implementation. A problem not addressed by unit testing is the interaction among units, with respect to the correctness of their interfaces. In this paper a structural integration testing approach for object-oriented (00) and Aspect-oriented (AO) Java programs is presented. To make the activity more feasible, we address the testing of pairs of units (i.e., methods and pieces of advice). A model called PWDU (PairWise Def-Use) graph to represent the flow of control and data between pairs of units is proposed. Based on the PWDU, the following family of testing criteria is defined: all-pairwise-integrated-nodes (control-flow based), all-pairwise-integrated-edges (control-flow based), and all-pairwise-integrated-uses (data-flow based). To evaluate the proposed approach, an implementation of the criteria in a testing tool is presented along with an example of usage and an exploratory study. The study with 7 AO programs that are also 00 was conducted to investigate the cost of application and usefulness of the approach. Results provided evidence that the criteria are practical and useful for integration testing of 00 and AO programs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Software testing object-oriented programming Aspect-oriented programming Structural testing Integration testing Testing criteria Testing object-oriented programs Testing Aspect-oriented programs Java

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Computer simulation of industrial dryers

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DRYING TECHNOLOGY 1996年第5期14卷 971-1010页

作者： MarinosKouris, D Maroulis, ZB Kiranoudis, CT [a] Department of Chemical Engineering. National Technical University Athens Greece

The use of computers to perform simulation of chemical engineering processes has lead to the development of software tools that perform most tedious computations in the field of process analysis and design. The most popular structures regarding process simulation of conventional and specialized processes are analyzed properly by considering the basic parts of commercial programs. Computational procedures, graphical aspects, management of properties database are outlined. Modeling aspects of drying technology regarding simulation are summarized and classified. The need for specialized software and development efforts in the field of commercial dryers simulation are emphasized and appropriately addressed. Modern aspects, such as object-oriented programming in simulation of industrial dryers are suitably presented and various case studies are used to indicate the effectiveness of modern simulation methods in the field of dryers operation.

关键词： process flowsheeting process analysis modular and equation-oriented simulation software modeling of industrial dryers object-oriented programming

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Modular invariants for layered object structures

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER programming 2006年第3期62卷 253-286页

作者： Muller, Peter Poetzsch-Heffter, Arnd Leavens, Gary T. ETH ETH Zentrum CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Tech Univ Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany Iowa State Univ Ames IA USA

Classical specification and verification techniques support invariants for individual objects whose fields are primitive values, but do not allow sound modular reasoning about invariants involving more complex object structures. Such non-trivial object structures are common, and occur in lists, hash tables, and whenever systems are built in layers. A sound and modular verification technique for layered object structures has to deal with the well-known problem of representation exposure and the problem that invariants of higher layers are potentially violated by methods in lower layers;such methods cannot be modularly shown to preserve these invariants. We generalize classical techniques to cover layered object structures using a refined semantics for invariants based on an ownership model for alias control. This semantics enables sound and modular reasoning. We further extend this ownership technique to even more expressive invariants that gain their modularity by imposing certain visibility requirements. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： invariant object-oriented programming modular verification ownership visibility JML

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