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object-oriented model of the seismic vulnerability of the fuel distribution network in coastal British Columbia

RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY 2019年 186卷 11-23页

作者： Costa, Rodrigo Haukaas, Terje Chang, Stephanie E. Dowlatabadi, Hadi Univ British Columbia Dept Civil Engn Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Sch Community & Reg Planning Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil Vancouver BC Canada

An agent-based object-oriented model for the fuel distribution network in coastal British Columbia in Canada is presented. objects representing infrastructure components with varied attributes and behaviors are described together with objects representing transportation modes on land and on water. A novel feature of the modeling approach is its capacity to represent the diverse nature of the objects in a network. Another novelty of the approach is its capacity to simulate discrete deliveries based on requests, which is a requirement in the modeling of the considered fuel distribution network. This paper presents the software architecture and applies it to assess the probability of fuel shortages following an earthquake for six storage facilities in coastal British Columbia. The results of this assessment can be used to inform emergency response plans.

关键词： object-oriented programming Agent-based modeling Multimodel analysis Fuel network modeling Probabilistic models Seismic vulnerability Disaster resilience

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GENASIS Basics: object-oriented utilitarian functionality for large-scale physics simulations

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COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS 2015年 196卷 506-534页

作者： Cardall, Christian Y. Budiardja, Reuben D. Oak Ridge Natl Lab Div Phys Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Univ Tennessee Dept Phys & Astron Knoxville TN 37996 USA Univ Tennessee Natl Inst Computat Sci Knoxville TN 37996 USA

Aside from numerical algorithms and problem setup, large-scale physics simulations on distributed-memory supercomputers require more basic utilitarian functionality, such as physical units and constants;display to the screen or standard output device;message passing;I/O to disk;and runtime parameter management and usage statistics. Here we describe and make available Fortran 2003 classes furnishing extensible object-oriented implementations of this sort of rudimentary functionality, along with individual 'unit test' programs and larger example problems demonstrating their use. These classes compose the Basics division of our developing astrophysics simulation code GsNASIS (General Astrophysical Simulation System), but their fundamental nature makes them useful for physics simulations in many fields. Program summary Program title: GENASIS Catalogue identifier: AEXE_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://***/summaries/AEXE_v1_*** Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial - ShareALike 4.0 International No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 32863 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 148873 Distribution format: *** programming language: Fortran 2003 (tested with gfortran 4.9.2, Intel Fortran 15, NAG Fortan 5.3.1, Cray Compiler 8.2.5). Computer: PC, cluster, supercomputer. Operating system: Linux, Unix. RAM: For example problems, depends on user-specified problem size and number of processes. The fluid dynamics problems with 128(3) cells on 8 processes use about 300 MB per process. The molecular dynamics problems with 6912 particles on 12 processes use about 20 MB per process. Classification: 4.14, 6.5, 20. External routines: MPI [1] and Silo [2] Nature of problem: By way of illustrating GENASIS Basics functionality, solve example fluid dynamics and molecular dynamics problems. Solution method: Fo

关键词： Simulation framework object-oriented programming Fortran 2003

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The crisis of contemporary science

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KYBERNETES 2006年第3-4期35卷 497-521页

作者： Kjellman, A Stockholm Univ KTH Dept Comp & Syst Sci Kista Sweden

Purpose - To present a new approach to scientific thinking (paradigm) that avoids the shortcomings and inconsistencies of the prevailing Newtonian approach. Design/methodology/approach - The signs of a science in crisis are reviewed and some of its shortcomings are compiled and connected to some misleading fundamental assumptions of the reigning paradigm of science. Calls attention to a current fundamental misunderstanding of the human capacity of observation - especially the negligence of the conceptual feedback loops of the human mind that make up the core of human learning capacity. Findings - When using a subject-oriented approach (SOA) to science, which takes off from the individual knowing the subject (methodological solipsism), it is possible to consistently construct a knower's science where all today's misleading assumptions can be successfully removed. This effort results in an abstract constructivist epistemology, where the reversed cause-effect chain severely upsets the classically trained mind - especially in natural science. Research limitations/implications - There is a great deal of work left to examine the soundness of these ideas and pave the way for such a profound re-orientation of traditional science that as a first step will be concerned with elucidating and explicating a wide range of problems and concerns in set and decision theory, logic, and mathematics. This is essentially to launch a research programme in these areas that as a next step includes all natural and social sciences that will appear in a new light when viewed from a first person, SOA. Practical implications - There is no other way for science to evade the prevailing crisis but to involve, in its very Kuhnian sense, a radical change of paradigm. In this view, the realist confusion, which is responsible for the genesis of Cartesian dualism and a row of other inconsistencies met with intoday's science, will slowly vanish, as will the embarrassing gulf between the natural and socia

关键词： sciences object-oriented programming sociocybernetics

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A simulation platform for computing energy consumption and emissions in transportation networks

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT 2008年第7期13卷 413-427页

作者： Cortes, Cristian E. Vargas, Luis S. Corvalan, Roberto M. Univ Chile Santiago Chile

This work presents a methodology for studying the transportation and energy sectors in an integrated fashion. It is based on an object-oriented model that identifies and simulates transportation activity, both urban and interurban, to compute emissions and energy consumption. The approach is oriented towards strategic planning studies with a time horizon of ten years. A software code using Java technology is developed and applied to the main Chilean transportation systems. The software provides a basis for studying the effects of transportation on the environment. This methodology should be capable of predicting the impact due to the future implementation of technological improvements and policies at a country-wide level. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy Power systems Chilean transportation Networks object-oriented programming

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A hybrid data fusion approach to the hierarchical mapping of land-cover types in the urban core

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 2017年第19期38卷 5338-5356页

作者： Kokje, Amit Gao, Jay de Freitas, C. R. Univ Auckland Sch Environm 23 Symonds St Auckland 1142 New Zealand

It is difficult to map land covers in the urban core due to the close proximity of high-rise buildings. This difficulty is overcome with a proposed hybrid, the hierarchical method via fusing PAN-sharpened WorldView-2 imagery with light detection and ranging (lidar) data for central Auckland, New Zealand, in two stages. After all features were categorized into 'ground' and 'above-ground' using lidar data, ground features were classified from the satellite data using the object-oriented method. Above-ground covers were grouped into four types from lidar-derived digital surface model (nDSM) based on rules. Ground and above-ground features were classified at an accuracy of 94.1% (kappa coefficient or kappa = 0.913) and 93.7% (kappa = 0.873), respectively. After the two results were merged, the nine covers achieved an overall accuracy of 93.7% (kappa = 0.902). This accuracy is highly comparable to those reported in the literature, but was achieved at much less computational expense and complexity owing to the hybrid workflow that optimizes the efficiency of the respective classifiers. This hybrid method of classification is robust and applicable to other scenes without modification as the required parameters are derived automatically from the data to be classified. It is also flexible in incorporating user-defined rules targeting hard-to-discriminate covers. Mapping accuracy from the fused complementary data sets was adversely affected by shadows in the satellite image and the differential acquisition time of imagery and lidar data.

关键词： Accuracy Satellite data object oriented High rise buildings object-oriented programming Buildings Optical radar Satellite imagery Image detection Workflow Shadows Land use Lidar Mapping Parameter modification Parameter robustness Proximity Data integration Image acquisition Complexity Land cover Multisensor fusion Satellites Imagery Acquisition Data Methodology Detection

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KNOWLEDGE-BASED CASE TOOLS - IMPROVING PERFORMANCE USING DOMAIN-SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1994年第4期9卷 167-173页

作者： LLOYDWILLIAMS, M UNIV SHEFFIELD DEPT INFORMAT STUDIESSHEFFIELD S10 2TNS YORKSHIREENGLAND

Knowledge-based CASE tools are able to play an active part in the design of computer-based systems. Providing such tools with in-built domain-specific (or 'real world') knowledge can enhance both the performance and the appearance of intelligence. However, little work has so far been carried out as to how this might be achieved. The paper illustrates how such knowledge may be provided in the form of generic models based on a thesaurus approach, and applies the technique to a knowledge-based CASE tool designed to support object-oriented design.

关键词： object-oriented design software tools generic models Expert systems and other AI software and techniques programming support intelligent design assistants object-oriented programming domain-specific knowledge thesaurus approach computer-based systems knowledge-based CASE tools knowledge representation object-oriented programming

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SEED-Config: a tool for conceptual structural design in a collaborative building design environment

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ENGINEERING 2000年第3期14卷 233-247页

作者： Fenves, SJ Rivard, H Gomez, N Concordia Univ Ctr Bldg Studies Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada NIST Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA Florida Int Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Miami FL 33199 USA

SEED-Config is a design environment intended to assist structural designers in collaboratively exploring and extending the design buildings. Its purpose is to help designers in rapidly synthesizing alternative structural design solutions at the conceptual level to the point where the structural concept is supportive of the overall design and possible conflicts are explored and resolved. The SEED-Config prototype consists of four subsystems. The Design Information Repository is built upon an information model that exploits the hierarchical nature of building descriptions to represent design information. It can save an overall design or parts of a design to a case library, thus supporting case-based reasoning. The Design Knowledge Manager allows for the browsing, editing, selecting and applying of technology nodes which encapsulate structural design knowledge. The Classification Reference Manager allows for the definition, management, inference and querying of classifications which are used to classify and index design solutions as they are generated. The Geometric Modeler reasons about topology and geometry. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： design environment conceptual design building design structural design collaborative design case-based reasoning information model knowledge representation classification and indexing object-oriented programming

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Node-based dynamic adaptive grid with quadrilateral and hexahedral elements

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ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE 1999年第1期30卷 31-41页

作者： Wang, GH Tyler, JM Weltman, JS Callahan, JD Geoquest Unit Schlumberger Houston TX 77056 USA Louisiana State Univ Dept Comp Sci Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Innovat Emergency Management Baton Rouge LA 70809 USA InControl Technol Houston TX 77068 USA

A node-based data structure is developed for use in either two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method (FEM) problems. This grid uses quadrilateral (2-D) or hexahedral (3-D) elements and is dynamically adaptive according to the 1-irregular requirement for refinement-derefinement. Implemented in C + +,the grid consists of node objects linked with pointers to neighboring node objects. The algorithm used to traverse the grid starts at the first node of the grid and constructs each FEM element by following the links of the nodes. This algorithm uses a stack to maintain the correct order of elements during the grid traversals. Because the elements and their connectivity are not permanently stored, the computer storage requirements for the grid are reduced significantly in 3-D compared with an element-based approach. Although the node-based approach may increase the CPU-time and complexity to access an element, it reduces the complexity and time required to refine and derefine an element. This implementation is applicable to many FEM domains. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： dynamic adaptive mesh adaptive finite elements nodal-based data structures object-oriented programming C++ FORTRAN

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object-oriented BACKPROPAGATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO STRUCTURAL DESIGN

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NEUROCOMPUTING 1994年第1期6卷 45-55页

作者： HUNG, SL ADELI, H OHIO STATE UNIV DEPT CIVIL ENGNCOLUMBUSOH 43210

A multilayer neural network development environment, called ANNDE, is presented for implementing effective learning algorithms for the domain of engineering design using the object-oriented programming paradigm. It consists of five primary components: learning domain, neural nets, library of learning strategies, learning process, and analysis process. These components have been implemented as five classes in two object-oriented programming languages C++ and G++. The library of learning strategies includes generalized delta rule with error backpropagation. Several examples are presented for learning in the domain of structural engineering.

关键词： BACKPROPAGATION object-oriented programming STRUCTURAL DESIGN

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An approach to animate object-Z specifications using C plus

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SCIENTIA IRANICA 2012年第6期19卷 1699-1721页

作者： Najafi, M. Haghighi, H. Shahid Beheshti Univ Fac Elect & Comp Engn Tehran Iran

object-Z is an extension of the Z notation which facilitates specification of large, complex software by defining a system as a collection of independent classes. A number of contributions have been made so far to map object-Z to various object-oriented languages. However, the given mapping approaches do not cover several object-Z specification constructs, such as class union, object aggregation, object containment and some of the operation operators. Also, in much of the existing work, mapping rules are given in a very abstract form. In other words, they do not consider all cases in a detailed way needed to automate the mapping procedure. In our previous work, we partially tackled these issues;however, in this paper, we present a much more comprehensive way to animate object-Z specifications using C++. The given method covers some constructs that have not been addressed in our previous work. Also, mapping rules are described with enough details facilitating automation. Finally, we consider some level of user interaction in our new method which increases the flexibility and efficiency of final codes from the user point of view. (C) 2012 Sharif University of Technology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Formal program development object-oriented programming Animation object-Z C plus

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