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Specification and verification challenges for sequential object-oriented programs

FORMAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING 2007年第2期19卷 159-189页

作者： Leavens, Gary T. Leino, K. Rustan M. Mueller, Peter ETH ETH Zentrum CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Iowa State Univ Dept Comp Sci Ames IA 50011 USA Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA

The state of knowledge in how to specify sequential programs in object-oriented languages such as Java and C# and the state of the art in automated verification tools for such programs have made measurable progress in... 详细信息

关键词： program verification specification contract object-oriented programming challenge

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Code modernization and modularization of APEX and SWAT watershed simulation models

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 81-94页

作者： Robin A.J.Taylor Jaehak Jeong Michael White Jeffrey G.Arnold Blackland Research&Extension Center Texas A&M AgriLife ResearchTempleTexas 76502USA Grassland Soil&Water Research Laboratory USDA-ARS TempleTexas 76502USA

SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)and APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)are respectively large and small watershed simulation models derived from EPIC(Environmental Policy Integrated Climate),a field-scale agroecology simulation *** three models are coded in Fortran and have evolved over several *** are widely used to analyze anthropogenic influences on soil and water quality and *** of the original Fortran code has been retained even though Fortran has been through several cycles of *** now provides functionality originally restricted to languages like C,designed to communicate directly with the operating system and *** can now use an object-oriented style of programming in Fortran,including inheritance,run-time polymorphism and *** order to enhance their utility in research and policy-making,the models are undergoing a major revision to use some of the new Fortran *** these new programming paradigms the developers of SWAT,APEX,and EPIC are working to make communication between the two models *** paper describes the ongoing revision of these models that will make them easier to use,maintain,modify and *** is intended that they will converge as they continue to evolution,while maintaining their distinctive features,capabilities and identities.

关键词： code modernization modularization object-oriented programming Fortran 2008 landscape-scale models APEX EPIC SWAT

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Evaluating pair programming with respect to system complexity and programmer expertise

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2007年第2期33卷 65-86页

作者： Arisholm, Erik Gallis, Hans Dyba, Tore Sjoberg, Dag I. K. Simula Res Lab NO-1325 Lysaker Norway Simula Res Lab NO-7465 Trondheim Norway SINTEF Informat & Commun Technol NO-7465 Trondheim Norway

A total of 295 junior, intermediate, and senior professional Java consultants ( 99 individuals and 98 pairs) from 29 international consultancy companies in Norway, Sweden, and the UK were hired for one day to participate in a controlled experiment on pair programming. The subjects used professional Java tools to perform several change tasks on two alternative Java systems with different degrees of complexity. The results of this experiment do not support the hypotheses that pair programming in general reduces the time required to solve the tasks correctly or increases the proportion of correct solutions. On the other hand, there is a significant 84 percent increase in effort to perform the tasks correctly. However, on the more complex system, the pair programmers had a 48 percent increase in the proportion of correct solutions but no significant differences in the time taken to solve the tasks correctly. For the simpler system, there was a 20 percent decrease in time taken but no significant differences in correctness. However, the moderating effect of system complexity depends on the programmer expertise of the subjects. The observed benefits of pair programming in terms of correctness on the complex system apply mainly to juniors, whereas the reductions in duration to perform the tasks correctly on the simple system apply mainly to intermediates and seniors. It is possible that the benefits of pair programming will exceed the results obtained in this experiment for larger, more complex tasks and if the pair programmers have a chance to work together over a longer period of time.

关键词： empirical software engineering pair programming extreme programming design principles control styles object-oriented programming software maintainability quasi-experiment

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Faithful mapping of model classes to mathematical structures

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IET SOFTWARE 2008年第6期2卷 477-499页

作者： Darvas, A. Mueller, P. ETH Dept Comp Sci CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland

techniques are indispensable for the specification and veri. cation of the functional behaviour of programs. In object-oriented specification languages like Java Modeling Language, a powerful abstraction technique is the use of model classes, that is, classes that are only used for specification purposes and that provide object-oriented interfaces for essential mathematical concepts such as sets or relations. Although the use of model classes in specifications is natural and powerful, they pose problems for veri. cation. Program verifiers map model classes to their underlying logics. Flaws in a model class or the mapping can easily lead to unsoundness and incompleteness. This article proposes an approach for the faithful mapping of model classes to mathematical structures provided by the theorem prover of the program veri. er at hand. Faithfulness means that a given model class semantically corresponds to the mathematical structure it is mapped to. This approach enables reasoning about programs specified in terms of model classes. It also helps in writing consistent and complete model-class specifications as well as in identifying and checking redundant specifications.

关键词： reasoning about programs functional behaviour specification formal specification Java Modeling Language Diagnostic, testing, debugging and evaluating systems mathematical structures object-oriented specification languages program verifiers map model functional behaviour verification abstraction techniques object-oriented programming object-oriented programming Formal methods model classes object-oriented interfaces

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A comparative study of exception handling mechanisms for building dependable object-oriented software

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2001年第2期59卷 197-222页

作者： Garcia, AF Rubira, CMF Romanovsky, A Xu, J Newcastle Univ Dept Comp Sci Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU Tyne & Wear England Univ Estadual Campinas Inst Comp BR-13081970 Campinas SP Brazil Univ Durham Dept Comp Sci Durham DH1 3HP England

Modern object-oriented systems have to cope with an increasing number of exceptional conditions and incorporate fault tolerance into systems' activities in order to meet dependability-related requirements. An exception handling mechanism is one of the most important schemes for detecting and recovering errors, and for structuring fault-tolerant activities in a system. The mechanisms that were ill designed can make an application unreliable and difficult to understand, maintain and reuse in the presence of faults. This paper surveys various exception mechanisms implemented in different object-oriented languages, evaluates and compares different designs. A taxonomy is developed to help address 10 basic technical aspects for a given exception handling proposal, including exception representation, external exceptions in signatures, separation between internal and external exceptions, attachment of handlers, handier binding, propagation of exceptions, continuation of the control flow, clean-up actions, reliability checks, and concurrent exception handling. Practical issues and difficulties are summarized., major trends in actual languages are identified, and directions for future work are suggested. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： exception handling exception mechanisms object-oriented languages object-oriented programming software fault tolerance

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AN INPUT OUTPUT PRIMITIVE FOR object-oriented SYSTEMS

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 1988年第1期30卷 44-56页

作者： POWELL, MS Dep. Comp. Univ. Manchester Inst. Sci. and Technol. PO Box 88 Sackville St. Manchester M60 1QD UK

This paper describes an input/output primitive based on the concept of region hierarchies, which allows highly-structured images of simple or complex data objects to be constructed in a straightforward fashion. In addition, any image of a data object may represent a hierarchical menu which provides access to the operations associated with the object. The programmer is not required to manage the details of an image at the level of the coordinates of the image elements and support is naturally provided for a screen/mouse pair as a fundamental input/output device. The primitive may be extended to support multidimensional representations and time-ordered sequences.

关键词： data structures object-oriented programming user interfaces

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A model curriculum for aspect-oriented software development

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2006年第6期23卷 53-+页

作者： Brichau, Johan Chitchyan, Ruzanna Garcia, Alessandro Rashid, Awais Clarke, Siobhan D'Hondt, Ellie Haupt, Michael Joosen, Wouter Katz, Shmuel Noye, Jacques Suedholt, Mario Univ Sci & Technol Lille LIFL INRIA JACQUARD Project F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq France Vrije Univ Brussel Programming Technol Lab Brussels Belgium Univ Lancaster Dept Comp InfoLab21 Off C54 Lancaster LA1 4WA England Univ Dublin Trinity Coll Dept Comp Sci Dublin 2 Ireland Vrije Univ Brussel Dept Math B-1050 Brussels Belgium Tech Univ Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Comp Sci B-3000 Louvain Belgium Technion Israel Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci IL-32000 Haifa Israel Ecole Mines Nantes Dept Informat F-44307 Nantes 3 France

A model postgraduate curriculum for aspect-oriented software development has been derived from the practical experience of running postgraduate courses at nine institutions across Europe (part of the European Network of Excellence on AOSD). Several institutions have made concrete instantiations of the curriculum, from a summer school to a university master's degree course. The curriculum also relates to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge.

关键词： computer science education object-oriented programming software engineering training aspect-oriented software development model curriculum software engineering training undergraduate curricula aspect-oriented software development computer science educati object oriented programming computer software Software engineering Software design Curriculum computer science education

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Experimental and numerical analysis database on structural stability

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ENGINEERING STRUCTURES 1996年第10期18卷 812-820页

作者： Itoh, Y Usami, T Fukumoto, Y NAGOYA UNIV DEPT CIVIL ENGNCHIKUSA KUNAGOYAAICHI 46401JAPAN OSAKA UNIV DEPT CIVIL ENGNOSAKAJAPAN

Test data are an invaluable resource for structural engineering research. In this paper, a numerical database system is built for material properties of steels, steel columns, steel beams and unstiffened steel plates, etc. The database is used to clarify the strength variations of material properties and to obtain the mean value and the coefficient of variation of each member strength. In addition, these values are compared with existing design formulas. The database is further developed in the shape of a structural test information-based system. This system includes database functions, test data evaluation functions, reference retrieval functions and technical terms explanation functions. The usefulness of the knowledge base approach for representing the test data is proved and the potential and problems of the system are clarified. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词： structural test numerical analysis database object-oriented programming multimedia

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Multi-physics simulations of fuel cells using multi-component modeling

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JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 2006年第1期158卷 295-302页

作者： Smirnov, Andrei Burt, Andrew Celik, Ismail W Virginia Univ Morgantown WV 26505 USA

Multi-physics simulations based on multi-component multi-solver modeling approach were performed for high-temperature fuel cells. The developed approach was primarily aimed at the design of complex multi-component engineering systems. It extends the libraries of earlier designed multi-physics system with component classes, which makes it particularly suitable for modeling of fuel cell systems. The C++ based class hierarchy enables simple implementations of different physical models based on general 3D PDE (partial differential equations) solvers, or simplified engineering ID or 2D models. Simulations of solid-oxide fuel cells were performed using a combined transport solver in multi-species environment. The components included the PEN complex (anode, cathode, electrolyte), air/fuel channels, interconnects, seals and ambient environments. Species concentrations, mass, momentum, energy fluxes, and electric potentials were solved for different components. Models for unsteady fluid dynamics of species, heat transport, electrochemistry and electric currents were combined within different components and interfaced for common variables at the inter-component boundaries. The results include steady and unsteady distributions of temperature, species concentrations, mass fluxes and electric potential inside co-flow and cross-flow fuel cells with different number of channels. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： fuel cells CFD multi-physics modeling multi-component systems object-oriented programming

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SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR OCCAM objectS ON TRANSPUTERS

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MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS 1989年第2期13卷 129-137页

作者： THOMAS, I Department of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO9 5NH UK

Parallel computers provide challenging software problems which have yet to be solved. This paper presents a methodology for programming parallel machines based on a fusion of the process and object paradigms. The object approach provides a programming abstraction, and the process model provides an implementation abstraction. objects are represented as channels while instances and object connectivity are handled by a relational database manager-based object manager. The design of a manager kernel to support objects on a transputer is described and the issues of dynamic process creation, dynamic binding, inheritance and hardware encapsulation are discussed. The paper ends with the outline of a simple multitransputer implementation making use of the kernel.

关键词： microprocessors object-oriented programming occam software engineering transputers

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