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Apportioning: A technique for efficient reachability analysis of concurrent object-oriented programs

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2001年第11期27卷 1037-1056页

作者： Iyer, S Ramesh, S Indian Inst Technol Sch Informat Technol Powai 400076 Mumbai India Indian Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Bombay 400076 Maharashtra India

The object-oriented paradigm in software engineering provides support for the construction of modular and reusable program components and is attractive for the design of large and complex distributed systems. Reachability analysis is an important and well-known tool for static analysis of critical properties in concurrent programs, such as deadlock freedom. It involves the systematic enumeration of all possible global states of program execution and provides the same level of assurance for properties of the synchronization structure in concurrent programs, such as formal verification. However, direct application of traditional reachability analysis to concurrent object-oriented programs has many problems, such as incomplete analysis for reusable classes (not safe) and increased computational complexity (not efficient). We have proposed a novel technique called apportioning, for safe and efficient reachability analysis of concurrent object-oriented programs, that is based upon a simple but powerful idea of classification of program analysis points as local (having influence within a class) and global (having possible influence outside a class). Given a program and a classification of its analysis points, reachability graphs are generated for 1) an abstract version of each class in the program having only local analysis points and 2) an abstract version of the whole program having only global analysis points. The error to be checked is decomposed into a number of subproperties, which are checked in the appropriate, reachability graphs. Different choices for the classification of analysis points, provide the flexibility to have many algorithms that are safe and efficient for different subclasses of programs. We have developed a number of apportioning-based algorithms, having different degrees of safety and efficiency. In this paper, we present the details of one of these algorithms, formally show its safety for an appropriate class of programs, and present experimental

关键词： concurrent programs object-oriented programming static analysis reachability analysis

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Integrating multiple information representations in a single CAD/CAM/CAE environment

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ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS 2006年第1期22卷 11-23页

作者： Bettig, Bernhard Bapat, Vikram Michigan Technol Univ Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech Houghton MI 49931 USA

The number of Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Aided Manufacturing, and Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD/CAM/CAE) programs and their capabilities has risen greatly in recent times. The programming efforts continue to be significant as each application developer strives to integrate more functionality. This paper describes a study on module integration in CAD/CAM/CAE software that considers how software can be structured to enable and ease the integration. This paper deals specifically with the issue of which object-oriented data structure is best for integration to minimize code execution times, memory usage, and programming effort. That is, we are interested in identifying the ideal base class for information objects. The study compares scene-graph and Information Model representations, compares two object referencing approaches (by path and direct object references), four modes of information interpretation, and three integration schemes. The study concludes that the ideal system combines scene-graph and Information Model approaches into one new flexible approach in which the information object base class contains a generically traversable array holding schema and user attributes. In general, objects should be referenced by a path from the hierarchy root object. object information should be interpreted into an application context by a third object or interface. New information objects from a secondary representation should be embedded into the information hierarchy of the primary representation when they do not need to reference other objects, otherwise multiple inheritance or Component object Modeling should be used to combine the corresponding objects from multiple representations into a single new object.

关键词： CAD CAM software software architecture framework object-oriented programming scene-graph information model software modules

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Standard telemetry processing -: an object oriented approach using software design patterns

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AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2000年第4期4卷 289-297页

作者： Herrmann, A Schöning, T DLR German Aerosp Ctr D-38108 Braunschweig Germany DLR German Aerosp Ctr D-38108 Neustrelitz Germany

While rapidly increasing the software safety and reliability requirements of space-born satellite missions the reduction of processing software development costs is of global interest. To achieve the mission goals both the quality of the applied program design and implementation have a remarkable influence. Because remote sensing data processing software is highly complex and costs a lot to develop, reusing software helps to economize payments significantly and creates maximum benefit to meet quality needs. For the small satellite mission CHAMP the Packet Telemetry Recommendation of the European Space Agency ESA gave the main idea to develop an object-oriented program design of an on-ground data processing system. Due to several on-board satellite instruments (sensors, optical cameras etc.) the amount and the structure of the remote sensing data is completely different. This, of course, requires satellite specific converting algorithms, and with the above mentioned recommendations only standard processing steps can be performed. However, when considering future satellite projects the software design to use must be tailored to the mission specific requirements of the application data handling only. This paper shall report the application of object-oriented software design within the CHAMP project. Based on the Telemetry Packet Standards, the hierarchy of abstract classes is a joined application of the Design Patterns 'abstract factory' and 'facade'. The growth of flexibility as well as the limitations of their use are discussed with implementation examples. The reuse of both the software architecture and the abstract base classes is also planned for the small satellite mission BIRD. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.

关键词： telemetry data processing object-oriented programming software design patterns abstract factory pattern facade pattern

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Selective checkpointing and rollbacks in multi-threaded object-oriented environment

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY 1999年第4期48卷 325-337页

作者： Kasbekar, M Narayanan, C Das, CR Penn State Univ Pond Lab 220 University Pk PA 16801 USA Torry Harris Business Solut Edison NJ 08873 USA Penn State Univ Pond Lab 232 University Pk PA 16801 USA

This paper presents selective checkpointing and rollback schemes for MT-GO (multithreaded, object-oriented) programs. There is a need for checkpointing mechanisms that are more sophisticated than the traditional process-level checkpointing. The program model, theoretical foundations, and an implementation of the selective checkpointing & rollback schemes are described. The usefulness of the schemes is demonstrated by implementing a higher level fault-tolerance scheme of conversations using them. The performance implications are studied on a prototype internet e-commerce server. The use of the selective schemes in the prototype server showed an appreciable reduction in the loss of work in the presence of faults. Benefits are more pronounced for a larger level of concurrency in the server. The selective scheme usually outperforms the hypothetical zero-cost global scheme in the presence of faults, vis-a-vis completion times. The experiments also show the vast difference between the sizes of selective checkpoints and global checkpoints. The concurrent sessions scheme (based on the concept of relaxed conversations) required 160 checkpoints in less than an hour. Traditionally, such a scheme would be considered outrageous, but the selective schemes still improve performance in the presence of faults. The main contribution of this paper is that it brings forward an OO (object-oriented) approach to checkpointing. Not only does the program model separate program state from process state, but it allows one to identify the state associated with each individual thread of the MT program. The prototype showed that this abstract knowledge about the program state can be made available at runtime in the form of suitable data structures. The availability of this information at runtime fuels the design of selective schemes.

关键词： compile-time reflection multi-threading object-oriented programming selective checkpointing selective recovery

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Engineering Ambient Intelligence Systems Using Agent Technology

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IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2015年第3期30卷 60-67页

作者： Spanoudakis, Nikolaos Moraitis, Pavlos Tech Univ Crete Sch Prod Engn & Management Iraklion Greece Paris Descartes Univ Lab Informat Paris Descartes LIPADE Paris France

This article shows how to model and implement an ambient intelligence (AmI) system using agent technology. The HERA project, undertaken by a consortium with members from academia as well as industry, applied the agent systems engineering methodology (ASEME), an agent-oriented software engineering approach, to develop a real-world system for the ambient assisted living application domain. This article focuses on the software architecture, along with the development method and validation results. The obtained results demonstrate the added value of agent technology use, along with how ASEME can be applied for modeling a real-world ambient intelligence system.

关键词： ambient intelligence assisted living object-oriented programming software agents software engineering ASEME AmI system agent systems engineering methodology agent-oriented software engineering ambient assisted living ambient intelligence system Ambient intelligence Analytical models Intelligent systems Multi-agent systems Unified modeling language ambient assisted living ambient intelligence healthcare intelligent agents intelligent systems methodologies multiagent systems software architectures

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AN ACTION-BASED PROCESS MODEL FOR DEXTEROUS MULTIFINGER HANDS

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS 1991年第3期4卷 201-219页

作者： WOHLKE, G BRAUN, T 1. Institute for Real-Time Computer Control Systems and Robotics Faculty for Informatics University of Karlsruhe 7500 Karlsruhe Germany

In this article, the development of an action-based process model is described which was especially tailored to the needs of modelling and simulating multifinger hands. The research has been concerned with a description technique using constraints for modelling the working environment and with the design of an appropriate process model for simulating complex movements of manipulation objects with multifinger hands. The paper presents the results of an object-oriented approach to the proposed model and consists of two parts: a constraint net that describes the connections and relations between cell components (robots, grippers, objects) in the working environment and a propagation algorithm that computes the new locations regarding the modifications and logical dependencies.

关键词： SYSTEM SIMULATION PROCESS MODEL CONSTRAINT NET PROPAGATION ALGORITHM object-oriented programming

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An expert facility layout system: An object-oriented approach

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN TECHNOLOGY 1996年第2-3期9卷 131-143页

作者： Babu, AJG Yao, DY CARRIER CORP RELIABIL & TECH SERV DEPTSYRACUSENY 13221

A good layout design is important for a cellular manufacturing system (CMS) to operate efficiently. Traditional algorithms for layout design are confining and have limitations with regard to decision factors and knowledge representation. Knowledge-based expert systems have opened up a new way for modelling and evaluation of the ill-structured CMS layout problem. In addition to the advantages of integrating the vast amount of available knowledge and making it accessible to ordinary users, the knowledge-based approach is also useful for dealing with ambiguous, qualitative information and empirical knowledge that are often part of the CMS layout design process. The objective of this research is to develop a prototype for CMS LAyout Design Expert System (CLADES) by using the expert system shell KEE (Knowledge Engineering Environment). This expert system would provide a powerful and efficient decision support tool for users in CMS layout design. CLADES solves the CMS layout problem in two stages. In the first stage, the machine cell layout is determined. In the second stage, the machine layout within each cell is determined. To obtain a reasonable layout design for a CMS, several factors which affect the decision are used as criteria in the CMS layout design problem. They are production quantity of the system, variation of part process routing, material handling system, unit load of an item, and dimensions of the floor plan. The design options considered by CLADES include three types of layout for machine cells, four types of layout for machines within a cell, and five types of material handling systems. In its current form, CLADES contains 58 rules, three models and three algorithms, and one algorithm is directly coded in CLADES in the LISP language. CLADES uses a tandem architecture, which connects the knowledge base to the model and algorithm base. This structure takes advantage of not only the expert system approach, but also the optimization approach. CLADES is code

关键词： expert systems facilities layout object-oriented programming production planning

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The design and analysis of a quantitative simulator for dynamic memory management

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2004年第3期72卷 443-453页

作者： Lo, CTD Srisa-An, W Chang, JM Univ Texas Dept Comp Sci San Antonio TX 78249 USA Univ Nebraska Dept Comp Sci & Engn Lincoln NE 68583 USA Iowa State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Ames IA 50011 USA

The use of object-oriented programming in software development allows software systems to be more robust and more maintainable. At the same time, the development time and expense are also reduced. To achieve these benefits, object-oriented applications use dynamic memory management (DMM) to create generic objects that can be reused. Consequently, these applications are often highly dynamic memory intensive. For the last three decades, several DMM schemes have been proposed. Such schemes include first fit, best fit, segregated fit, and buddy systems. Because the performance (e.g., speed, memory utilization, etc.) of each scheme differs, it becomes a difficult choice in selecting the most suitable approach for an application and what parameters (e.g., block size, etc.) should be adopted. In this paper, a DMM simulation tool and its usage are presented. This tool receives DMM traces of C/C++ or Java programs and performs simulation according to the scheme (first fit, best fit, buddy system, and segregated fit) defined by the user. Techniques required to obtain memory traces are presented. At the end of each simulation run, a variety of performance metrics are reported to the users. By using this tool, software engineers can evaluate system performance and decide which algorithm is the most suitable. Moreover, hardware engineers can perform a system analysis before hardware (e.g., modified buddy system, first fit, etc.) is fabricated. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： dynamic memory management garbage collection Java virtual machine tools object-oriented programming DMM simulator

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SHARPEN-Systematic Hierarchical Algorithms for Rotamers and Proteins on an Extended Network

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2009年第6期30卷 999-1005页

作者： Loksha, Ilya V. Maiolo, James R., III Hong, Cheng W. Ng, Albert Snow, Christopher D. CALTECH Div Chem & Chem Engn Pasadena CA 91125 USA CALTECH Div Engn & Appl Sci Pasadena CA 91125 USA

Algorithms for discrete optimization of proteins play a central role in recent advances in protein structure prediction and design. We wish to improve the resources available for computational biologists to rapidly prototype such algorithms and to easily scale these algorithms to many processors. To that end. we describe the implementation and use of two new open source resources. citing potential benefits over existing software. We discuss CHOMP. a new object-oriented library for macromolecular optimization, and SHARPEN, a framework for scaling CHOMP scripts to many computers. These tools allow users to develop new algorithms for a variety of applications including protein repacking, protein-protein docking, loop rebuilding, or homology model remediation. Particular care was taken to allow modular energy function design;. protein conformations may Currently be scored using either the OPLSaa molecular mechanical energy function or an all-atom semiempirical energy function employed by Rosetta. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 30: 999-1005, 2009

关键词： protein-structure prediction object-oriented programming rotamer optimization distributed computing Folding@Home

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Approaches to component technologies for software reuse of legacy systems

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COMPUTING & CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2001年第6期12卷 281-287页

作者： Hull, MEC Nicholl, PN Bi, Y Univ Ulster Fac Informat Sch Comp & Math Sci Newtownabbey BT37 0QB Antrim North Ireland

An investigation of component-based approaches for software reuse is described. In the days when computer architecture was simpler and systems were developed by procedural languages or other paradigms, it was common that the functionality available within one system was also present in another system. However, these paradigms are not appropriate for surfacing components for developing distributed applications as defined by today's business requirements, and do not facilitate software reuse. It is envisaged that software reuse can be achieved through component-based development. This article discusses the characteristics of components and provides a brief study of the component systems of COM/DCOM, CORBA and Java RMI. An example is presented using Java RMI and develops keyboard functionality for the Web-aware version that matches the original 'green screen' application.

关键词： Java RMI software reusability Java software reuse keyboard functionality CORBA Software engineering techniques object-oriented programming object-oriented methods legacy systems distributed object management distributed applications COM/DCOM Distributed systems software component technologies business requirements remote procedure calls

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