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IET ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN TRANSPORTATION 2020年第1期10卷 116-123页

作者： Ceraolo, Massimo Lutzemberger, Giovanni Scarpelli, Claudio Bonelli, Giovanni Paolo Piazza, Tommaso Univ Pisa Dept Energy Syst Terr & Construct Engn Pisa Italy Toyota Mat Handling Mfg Italy SpA Via Persicetana Vecchia 10 I-40132 Bologna Italy

In the past years, forklift manufacturers have started to hybridise their products under the worldwide interest toward electrification. This is generally made starting from existing standard products, and converting them into hybrid versions, rather than start from scratch and designing fully new vehicles. This approach involves several gaps from the inaccurate evaluation of the powertrain architecture and relative energy management strategy, up to a rough sizing of components. Therefore, this study suggests a structured methodology to follow, aimed to properly design hybrid forklift trucks. The first step is the analysis of the conventional working machine to hybridise, identifying one set of duty cycles. Then, the design of the new powertrain architecture, with a proper energy management strategy, and the definition of a numerical simulation model realised through a multiphysics object-oriented software package, to properly size the new powertrain components, and to verify energy and power flows. Finally, it is also presented a brief-cost-benefit analysis, as last verification of the proposed methodology, to verify the cost-effectiveness to bring the new products to the market. Results have shown the general feasibility of the operation since the significant reduction in fuel consumption is combined with sustainable costs of the new electrified components.

关键词： object-oriented programming machinery production industries power transmission (mechanical) hybrid electric vehicles fork lift trucks energy management systems software packages cost-benefit analysis power engineering computing mechanical engineering computing relative energy management strategy structured methodology design hybrid forklift trucks conventional working machine duty cycles powertrain architecture proper energy management strategy numerical simulation model multiphysics object-oriented software package powertrain components power flows brief-cost-benefit analysis electrified components hybridisation forklift manufacturers electrification

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Improving interpretation of component-based systems quality through visualisation techniques

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IET SOFTWARE 2010年第1期4卷 79-90页

作者： Moraga, M. A. Calero, C. Bertoa, M. F. Univ Castilla La Mancha Inst Informat Technol & Syst Alarcos Res Grp E-13071 Ciudad Real 4 Spain Univ Malaga Dept Lenguajes & Ciencias Computac E-29071 Malaga Spain

Component-based software development is increasingly more commonplace and is widely used in the development of commercial software systems. This has led to the existence of several research works focusing on software component-based systems quality. The majority of this research proposes quality models focused on component-based systems in which different measures are proposed. In general, the result of assessing the measures is a number, which is necessary to determine the component-based system quality level. However, understanding and interpreting the data set is not an easy task. In order to facilitate the interpretation of results, this study selects and adapts a specific visual metaphor with which to show component-based systems quality. A tool has additionally been developed which permits the automatic assessment of the measures to be carried out. The tool also shows the results visually and proposes corrective actions through which to improve the level of quality. A case study is used to assess and to show the quality of a real-world component-based software system in a graphic manner.

关键词： data visualisation Graphics techniques component-based software development visualisation techniques Software engineering techniques software quality software component-based systems quality object-oriented programming object-oriented programming software systems

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THE OBERON SYSTEM

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 1989年第9期19卷 857-893页

作者： WIRTH, N GUTKNECHT, J Institut für Computersysteme Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule ETH-Zentrum CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland

In this paper we describe an operating system for a workstation designed and implemented by the authors within two and a half years. It includes memory management and module loader, a file system, a viewer system, editors for text and graphics, a compiler, a server interface and various tools. The primary motivation was to demonstrate the feasibility of a small, yet highly flexible and powerful, system, a system that is a (decimal) order of magnitude smaller than commonly used operating systems. This is possible due to regularity of concepts and concentration on the essential. The benefits are not only fewer resources needed, but elegance and generality of concepts resulting in transparency and convenience of use and increased reliability. A corner-stone of this approach is genuine extensibility, which is achieved by a new language, in particular by a facility called type extension. It allows for the integration of variables (objects) of a new, extended type in structures of elements of an existing base type.

关键词： Operating system Multi-tasking Storage management Viewer system object-oriented programming Persistent data structures

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ARITHMETIC EQUALITY CONSTRAINTS AS C++ STATEMENTS

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 1992年第6期22卷 467-494页

作者： VANWYK, CJ AT&T BELL LABS MURRAY HILLNJ 07974

Simultaneous equations arise naturally in problems from a variety of application areas. This paper describes how to use two object-oriented features of C++-operator overloading and virtual functions-to allow a program... 详细信息

关键词： C++ object-oriented programming OPERATOR OVERLOADING SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

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Considering an object-oriented approach to design process planning

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 2001年第3-4期21卷 373-392页

作者： Pavkovic, N Marjanovic, D Univ Zagreb Fac Mech Engn & Naval Architecture Dept Design Theory Zagreb 10000 Croatia

The paper describes the structure of an environment for a design system based on a design plan, which represents a design process. The approach presented establishes a flexible structure, which improves and integrates the usage of software tools available in the design process. Possible design plan topologies, the plan generation and exploitation issues are discussed. The structure of the prototype model has been realized in a relational database environment. The potentials of an object-oriented approach to design process planning are analysed, as well as the possible strategies for improving the prototype procedure. Proposals for structuring a design plan with objects and classes are presented.

关键词： mechanical design process integrated CAD environment design plans object-oriented programming databases

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Software metrics thresholds calculation techniques to predict fault-proneness: An empirical comparison

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2018年 96卷 38-67页

作者： Boucher, Alexandre Badri, Mourad Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres Dept Math & Comp Sci Software Engn Lab Trois Rivieres PQ Canada

Context: Nowadays, fault-proneness prediction is an important field of software engineering. It can be used by developers and testers to prioritize tests. This would allow a better allocation of resources, reducing testing time and costs, and improving the effectiveness of software testing. Non-supervised fault-proneness prediction models, especially thresholds-based models, can easily be automated and give valuable insights to developers and testers on the classification performed. objective: In this paper, we investigated three thresholds calculation techniques that can be used for fault proneness prediction: ROC Curves, VARL (Value of an Acceptable Risk Level) and Alves rankings. We compared the performance of these techniques with the performance of four machine learning and two clustering based models. Method: Threshold values were calculated on a total of twelve different public datasets: eleven from the PROMISE Repository and another based on the Eclipse project. Thresholds-based models were then constructed using each thresholds calculation technique investigated. For comparison, results were also computed for supervised machine learning and clustering based models. Inter-dataset experimentation between different systems and versions of a same system was performed. Results: Results show that ROC Curves is the best performing method among the three thresholds calculation methods investigated, closely followed by Alves Rankings. VARL method didn't give valuable results for most of the datasets investigated and was easily outperformed by the two other methods. Results also show that thresholds-based models using ROC Curves outperformed machine learning and clustering based models. Conclusion: The best of the three thresholds calculation techniques for fault-proneness prediction is ROC Curves, but Alves Rankings is a good choice too. In fact, the advantage of Alves Rankings over ROC Curves technique is that it is completely unsupervised and can therefore give pe

关键词： Metrics thresholds Class-level metrics object-oriented metrics Faults Fault-proneness prediction Machine learning Clustering Cross-validation Code quality object-oriented programming

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MODELING NEURAL NETWORKS IN SCHEME

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SIMULATION 1986年第5期46卷 193-199页

作者： EILBERT, JL SALTER, RM OBERLIN COLL DEPT MATHOBERLINOH 44074

A system for simulating neural networks has been written in the LISP dialect, Scheme, using an object-oriented style of program ming, rather than the standard numerical techniques used in previous studies. Each node in the Scheme network represents either a neuron or a functional group of neurons, and can pass messages which trigger computations and actions in other nodes.

关键词： flexible structure hierarchy neural modeling object-oriented programming Scheme

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An architectural application framework for evolving distributed systems

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE 1999年第15期45卷 1375-1384页

作者： Ribeiro-Justo, GR Cunha, PRF Univ Westminster Cavendish Sch Comp Sci & Informat Syst Engn Ctr Parallel Comp London W1M 8JS England Univ Fed Pernambuco Dept Informat Recife PE Brazil

In this paper, we present an object-oriented application framework to support the development of evolving distributed systems. The framework combines concepts of the object-oriented paradigm with those of architectural design. The result is a framework which supports extensible and reusable configurations of distributed components. The framework addresses the problem of evolution by allowing the addition, replacement and extension of components of a configuration, Evolution is also possible at run time, where a configuration can change dynamically depending on a particular event. The paper outlines the fundamental aspects of our framework and presents a case study, which illustrates its application. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： software architecture reconfigurable systems architecture description language object-oriented programming application frameworks

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The UniSet approach for the programming of flexible manufacturing cells

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ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING 1998年第1期14卷 69-78页

作者： Fahim, A Choi, KH Univ Ottawa Dept Mech Engn Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada Korea Atom Energy Res Inst Taejon South Korea

Flexible manufacturing cells (FMC) may be considered the most significant development in small-batch manufacturing. Setting-up and operating costs of FMC prove to be the most major hindrance to their large-scale implementation and use, particularly by small and medium size industries. Incompatibilities between the different components constituting the cells and the lack of a unified language/approach to programming and coordinating them are cited as the cause of the complexity of setting up and subsequently operating the cells. In order to eliminate these difficulties, a new philosophy for setting-up, programming and control of FMC has been developed. This paper reports the effort to develop this new unified manufacturing instruction set and its environment, called here "UniSet", its philosophy and some of the components of the UniSet environment. UniSet has been developed as a non-exclusive unified manufacturing instruction set, based on comparisons of the prevailing machine tool and programming primitives. UniSet allows programmers to deal with only one instruction set, if they so desire, in a single coherent environment, rather than numerous machine programming languages. The software system is coded in an object-oriented programming (OOP) language, Smalltalk, and derives its paradigm from the OO philosophy. Test results are also included to demonstrate the applicability of the approach employed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： flexible manufacturing system flexible manufacturing cell production systems cell programming and control object-oriented programming artificial intelligence CIM

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Rule-Based object-oriented Water Resource System Simulation Model for Water Allocation

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WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2020年第10期34卷 3183-3197页

作者： Lin, Pengfei You, Jinjun Gan, Hong Jia, Ling China Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res State Key Lab Simulat & Regulat Water Cycle River Beijing 100038 Peoples R China Hohai Univ Grad Sch Nanjing 210098 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Simulation is a basic method to analyze water resources system and provide information for decision-making. In this study, a framework is presented that describes the basic elements in a water resource system and a modelling technique integrating conceptual simulation and rule control. To formulate the process of the water cycle and water exploitation with a mathematical model, the water system is described based on adjustable relevant rules and respective parameters with experiences and pragmatic demands in the framework. The rule set describes the principles required to design conceptual networks and control the concrete processes of movement and conversion of different water flows. Combined with object-oriented programming, different calculation functional modules are classified based on the characteristics of water source layers, and the processes that occur in the networks are realised in the computation. The influence of the South-to-North Water Diversion project on the Haihe River basin is analysed by the rule-based object-oriented water resource allocation simulation model. According to the simulation results, groundwater extraction will be reduced by 6,181 million m(3). The relationship between water source replacement and water layer exchange in the Haihe River basin is analysed, and the feasibility of the model is verified. Based on the rule-based model, the user requirements can be taken into account conveniently, and the rules are flexible to adjust with experiences and real conditions. This model can be used to simulate complex water resource systems.

关键词： Framework System simulation Water source layer object-oriented programming

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