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Pre-service and in-service teachers' experiences of learning to program in an object-oriented language

COMPUTERS & EDUCATION 2008年第2期51卷 874-885页

作者： Govender, Irene Grayson, Diane J. Univ KwaZulu Natal Sch Math Sci & Technol Durban South Africa Univ Pretoria Fac Sci ZA-0002 Pretoria South Africa

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the various ways in which pre-service and in-service teachers experience learning to program in an object-oriented language. Both groups of teachers were enrolled in university courses. In most cases, the pre-service teachers were learning to program for the first time, while the in-service teachers had previously programmed using a procedural programming language. Phenomenography was used to identify categories of description of learning to program. From these categories an outcome space was created that shows the relationship between different experiences of learning to program. The outcome space can be represented as circles inscribed within one another, where the innermost circle represents a lower level of cognitive accomplishment and the outer circles subsume the inner circles. The five levels of the outcome space are: meeting the requirements, learning the syntax/learning by comparison, understanding and assimilating, problem solving and programming in the large. Implications of the findings for teaching are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： programming object-oriented programming phenomenography teaching and learning

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object-oriented CRONE toolbox for fractional differential signal processing

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SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING 2012年第3期6卷 393-400页

作者： Malti, Rachid Melchior, Pierre Lanusse, Patrick Oustaloup, Alain Univ Bordeaux CNRS UMR 5218 IMS F-33405 Talence France

The CRONE toolbox, developed since the nineties by the CRONE team, is a Matlab toolbox dedicated to fractional calculus and its applications in signal processing and automatic control. It is currently evolving toward an object-oriented version, which allows many enhancements. Three main classes, dedicated to fractional system representations namely fractional transfer functions (frac_tf), fractional zeros poles and gain (frac_zpk), and fractional state-space (frac_ss), are developed. All three user classes are children of a parent class (frac_lti) that contains some common attributes of fractional systems. Among the enhancements of the object programming of the CRONE toolbox is the overloading of basic operators (+, -, x, /, .x, aEuro broken vertical bar) and standard Matlab scripts (lsim, bode, nichols, aEuro broken vertical bar) for the new classes. As a consequence, an end-user familiar with standard Matlab operators and scripts can use straightforwardly the CRONE toolbox. The main objective of this paper is to present class diagrams and principle features of the object-oriented CRONE toolbox, which can be downloaded at http://***.

关键词： Fractional calculus object-oriented programming Simulation MIMO system Matlab toolbox CRONE toolbox

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An extended finite element library

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING 2007年第6期71卷 703-732页

作者： Bordas, Stephane Nguyen, Phu Vinh Dunant, Cyrille Guidoum, Amor Nguyen-Dang, Hung Univ Glasgow Dept Civil Engn Glasgow G12 8LT Lanark Scotland Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Lab Construct Mat EPFL STI IMX LMC CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland LTDS ENISE CNRS UMR 5513 St Etienne France Nguyen Dang Hung Inst Mecan & Genie Civil B-4000 Liege Belgium

This paper presents and exercises a general structure for an object-oriented-enriched finite element code. The programming environment provides a robust tool for extended finite element (XFEM) computations and a modular and extensible system. The programme structure has been designed to meet all natural requirements for modularity, extensibility, and robustness. To facilitate mesh-geometry interactions with hundreds of enrichment items, a mesh generator and mesh database are included. The salient features of the programme are: flexibility in the integration schemes (subtriangles, subquadrilaterals, independent near-tip, and discontinuous quadrature rules);domain integral methods for homogeneous and bi-material interface cracks arbitrarily oriented with respect to the mesh;geometry is described and updated by level sets, vector level sets or a standard method;standard and enriched approximations are independent;enrichment detection schemes: topological, geometrical, narrow-band, etc.;multi-material problem with an arbitrary number of interfaces and slip-interfaces;non-linear material models such as J2 plasticity with linear, isotropic and kinematic hardening. To illustrate the possible applications of our paradigm, we present 2D linear elastic fracture mechanics for hundreds of cracks with local near-tip refinement, and crack propagation in two dimensions as well as complex 3D industrial problems. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： object-oriented programming C plus partition of unity enrichment extended finite element method fracture mechanics dense fissuration crack propagation industrial problems open source

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A GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR CONCURRENT SIMULATION OF NEURAL NETWORK MODELS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1992年第7期18卷 551-562页

作者： HEILEMAN, GL GEORGIOPOULOS, M ROOME, WD UNIV CENT FLORIDA DEPT ELECT ENGN ORLANDO FL 32816 USA AT&T BELL LABS MURRAY HILL NJ 07974 USA

The analysis of complex neural network models via analytical techniques is often quite difficult due to the large numbers of components involved, and the nonlinearities associated with these components. For this reason, simulation is seen as an important tool in neural network research. In this paper we present a framework for simulating neural networks as discrete event nonlinear dynamical systems. This includes neural network models whose components are described by continuous-time differential equations, or by discrete-time difference equations. Specifically, we consider the design and construction of a concurrent object-oriented discrete event simulation environment for neural networks. The use of an object-oriented language provides the data abstraction facilities necessary to support modification and extension of the simulation system at a high level of abstraction. Furthermore, the ability to specify concurrent processing supports execution on parallel architectures. The use of this system is demonstrated by simulating a specific neural network model on a general-purpose parallel computer.

关键词： CONCURRENT SIMULATION NEURAL NETWORKS NONLINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS object-oriented programming PARALLEL PROCESSING

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Iris: An extensible application for building and analyzing spectral energy distributions

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ASTRONOMY AND COMPUTING 2014年 7-8卷 81-94页

作者： Laurino, O. Budynkiewicz, J. D'Abrusco, R. Bonaventura, N. Busko, I. Cresitello-Dittmar, M. Doe, S. M. Ebert, R. Evans, J. D. Norris, P. Pevunova, O. Refsdal, B. Thomas, B. Thompson, R. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ Cambridge MA 02138 USA Space Telescope Sci Inst Baltimore MD 21218 USA Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr Pasadena CA 91125 USA Natl Opt Astron Observ Tucson AZ 85719 USA

Iris is an extensible application that provides astronomers with a user-friendly interface capable of ingesting broad-band data from many different sources in order to build, explore, and model spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Iris takes advantage of the standards defined by the International Virtual Observatory Alliance, but hides the technicalities of such standards by implementing different layers of abstraction on top of them. Such intermediate layers provide hooks that users and developers can exploit in order to extend the capabilities provided by Iris. For instance, custom Python models can be combined in arbitrary ways with the Iris built-in models or with other custom functions. As such, Iris offers a platform for the development and integration of SED data, services, and applications, either from the user's system or from the web. In this paper we describe the built-in features provided by Iris for building and analyzing SEDs. We also explore in some detail the Iris framework and software development kit, showing how astronomers and software developers can plug their code into an integrated SED analysis environment. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data abstraction Method: data analysis object-oriented programming Software frameworks Spectral energy distribution Virtual observatory tools

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RAMBUTANS: automatic AOP-specific test generation tool

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 2017年第6期19卷 743-761页

作者： Parizi, Reza Meimandi Ghani, Abdul Azim Abdul Lee, Sai Peck Khan, Saif Ur Rehman NYIT Sch Engn & Comp Sci Nanjing Campus Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Univ Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia Univ Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is a programmatic methodology to handle better modularized code by separating crosscutting concerns from the traditional abstraction boundaries. Automated testing, as one of the most demanding needs of the software development to reduce both human effort and costs, is a delicate issue in testing aspect-oriented programs. Prior studies in the automated test generation for aspect-oriented programs have been very limited with respect to the need for both adequate tool support and capability concerning effectiveness and efficiency. This paper describes a new AOP-specific tool for testing aspect-oriented programs, called RAMBUTANS. The RAMBUTANS tool uses a directed random testing technique that is especially well suited for generating tests for aspectual features in AspectJ. The directed random aspect of the tool is parameterized by associating weights to aspects, advice, methods, and classes by controlling object and joint point creations during the test generation process. We present a comprehensive empirical evaluation of our tool against the current AOP test generation approaches on three industrial aspect-oriented projects. The results of the experimental and statistical tests showed that RAMBUTANS tool produces test suites that have higher fault-detection capability and efficiency for AspectJ-like programs.

关键词： Software testing Automated test generation Testing tool Aspect-oriented programming object-oriented programming AspectJ

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An object-oriented knowledge based Petri net approach to intelligent integration of design and assembly planning

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ENGINEERING 2000年第1期14卷 83-112页

作者： Zha, XF Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Mech & Prod Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

Artificial intelligence can play an important role in the reduction of manufacturing costs and the enhancement of production efficiency and product quality. In order to assist designers in the early stages of a product development this paper develops an intelligent methodology for integration of design and assembly planning processes, including product design, assembly evaluation and redesign, assembly process planning, design of assembly system and assembly simulation, subjected to both econo-technical and ergonomic evaluations. A new unified class of object-oriented knowledge based Petri nets called OOKPNs;incorporating knowledge based expert systems and fuzzy logic into ordinary place-transition Petri nets, is defined and used for the representation and modeling of the distributed design processes. A prototype intelligent integrated design and assembly planning system (IIDAP) is implemented through distributed blackboard structure with concurrent integration of multiple cooperative knowledge sources and software. It consists essentially of the networked agents and the meta-system, each of which is a knowledge Petri net system with the capabilities of problem solving, learning and conflict resolution, and can be obtained through the inheritance, polymorphism and dynamic binding of instances of OOKPNs. In IIDAP system, both C/C++ language and COOL (CLIPS object-oriented language) are used to incorporate a Petri net tool, a geometric modeling and design tool, a planner and simulator and an evaluation tool. By use of this system, product design and assembly planning can be carried out simultaneously and intelligently in an entirely computer-aided concurrent design and assembly planning system. The design of manufacturable, cost-effective, usable products can therefore be achieved rapidly and flexibly. The developed methodology and system have been successfully applied to assembly design and planning of a micro switch, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserve

关键词： concurrent engineering intelligent CAD assembly design assembly planning knowledge Petri nets fuzzy knowledge Petri nets object-oriented programming

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A rule-based object-oriented OWL reasoner

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING 2008年第3期20卷 397-410页

作者： Meditskos, Georgios Bassiliades, Nick Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki Dept Informat Thessaloniki 54124 Greece

In this paper, we describe O-DEVICE, a memory-based knowledge-based system for reasoning and querying OWL ontologies by implementing RDF/OWL entailments in the form of production rules in order to apply the formal semantics of the language. Our approach is based on a transformation procedure of OWL ontologies into an object-oriented schema and the application of inference production rules over the generated objects in order to implement the various semantics of OWL. In order to enhance the performance of the system, we introduce a dynamic approach of generating production rules for ABOX reasoning and an incremental approach of loading ontologies. O-DEVICE is built over the CLIPS production rule system, using the object-oriented language COOL to model and handle ontology concepts and RDF resources. One of the contributions of our work is that we enable a well-known and efficient production rule system to handle OWL ontologies. We argue that although native OWL rule reasoners may process ontology information faster, they lack some of the key features that rule systems offer, such as the efficient manipulation of the information through complex rule programs. We present a comparison of our system with other OWL reasoners, showing that O-DEVICE can constitute a practical rule environment for ontology manipulation.

关键词： inference engines object-oriented programming ontology languages rule-based processing

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An operational semantics for object-oriented concepts based on the class hierarchy

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FORMAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING 2014年第3期26卷 491-535页

作者： Colvin, Robert J. Univ Queensland Queensland Brain Inst St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia

The formalisation of object-oriented languages is essential for describing the implementation details of specific programming languages or for developing program verification techniques. However there has been relatively little formalisation work aimed at abstractly describing the fundamental concepts of object-oriented programming, separate from specific language considerations or suitability for a particular verification style. In this paper we address this issue by formalising a language that includes the core object-oriented programming language concepts of field tests and updates, methods, constructors, subclassing, multithreading, and synchronisation, built on top of standard sequential programming constructs. The abstract syntax is relatively close to the core of typical object-oriented programming languages such as Java. A novel aspect of the syntax is that objects and classes are encapsulated within a single syntactic term, including their fields and methods. Furthermore, class terms are structured according to the class hierarchy, and objects appear as subterms of their class (and method instances as subterms of the relevant object). This helps to narrow the gap between how a programmer thinks about their code and the underlying mathematical objects in the semantics. The semantics is defined operationally, so that all actions a program may take, such as testing or setting local variables and fields, or invoking methods on other objects, appear on the labels of the transitions. A process-algebraic style of interprocess communication is used for object and class interactions. A benefit of this label-based approach to the semantics is that a separation of concerns can be made when defining the rules of the different constructs, and the rules tend to be more concise. The basic rules for individual commands may be composed into more powerful rules that operate at the level of classes and objects. The traces generated by the operational semantics are used as the

关键词： Operational semantics object-oriented programming Process algebra Class hierarchy

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Exploiting Java scientific libraries with the Scala language within the ScalaLab environment

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IET SOFTWARE 2011年第6期5卷 543-551页

作者： Papadimitriou, S. Terzidis, K. Mavroudi, S. Likothanassis, S. Technol Educ Inst Kavala Dept Informat Management Kavala 65404 Greece Univ Patras Sch Engn Dept Comp Engn & Informat Pattern Recognit Lab Patras 26500 Greece

Since Java is one of the most popular languages in the academic and research community a lot of robust and effective scientific libraries have been developed. However, the utilisation of these libraries is very awkward especially for the average scientist that does not expertise in software development. The study presents the framework that has constructed for the utilisation of Java scientific libraries within the ScalaLab environment. The flexibility and extensibility of the Scala language allows the implementation of simple, coherent and efficient Matlab-like interfaces to those libraries. Moreover, other specialised Java libraries can be exploited much more easily and productively from within ScalaLab with the toolbox import mechanism that this work describes. Additionally, the system offers facilities such as on-line help, code completion, graphical control of the class-path and a specialised text editor with code colouring facilities that greatly facilitate the development of scientific software.

关键词： ScalaLab Scala language digital libraries toolbox import mechanism Java scientific libraries code colouring object-oriented programming text editor software development object-oriented languages High level languages

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