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Annual Conference of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference

作者： Liaskos, Konstantinos Roper, Marc Wood, Murray Univ Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XH Lanark Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9781595936974

It is not unusual for a software development organization to expend 40% of total project effort on testing, which call be a very laborious and time-consuming process. Therefore, there is a big necessity for test automation. This paper describes an approach to automatically generate test-data for 00 software exploiting a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to achieve high levels of data-flow (d-u) coverage. A proof-of-concept tool is presented. The experimental results from testing six Java classes helped us identify three categories of problematic test targets, and suggest that in the future full d-u coverage with a reasonable computational cost may be possible if we overcome these obstacles.

关键词： object-oriented testing evolutionary algorithms automatic test-case generation data-flow coverage

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OOPSLA'06 workshop outline: 1st workshop on model-based testing and object-oriented systems (M-TOOS)

OOPSLA'06 workshop outline: 1st workshop on model-based test...

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21st Annual ACM SIGPLAN Conference on object-oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, OOPSLA 2006

作者： Grieskamp, Wolfgang Richardson, Debra Williams, Clay E. Microsoft Research One Microsoft Way Redmond WA 98052 United States University of California - Irvine Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences ICS 444 Irvine CA 92697 United States IBM T.J. Watson Research Center 19 Skyline Drive Hawthorne NY 10532 United States

No abstract available

ISBN: (纸本)159593491X

No abstract available

关键词： Model-based testing object-oriented testing

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Code Based Analysis for object-oriented Systems

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2006年第6期21卷 965-972页

作者： Swapan Bhattacharya Ananya Kanjilal Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University Kolkata-700032 India Department of Information Technology B. P. Poddar Institute of Management and Technology Kolkata-700052 India

Tile basic features of object-oriented software makes it difficult to apply traditional testing methods in objectoriented systems. Control Flow Graph （CFG） is a well-known model used for identification of independent paths in procedural software. This paper highlights the problem of constructing CFG in object-oriented systems and proposes a new model named Extended Control Flow Graph （ECFG） for code based analysis of object-oriented （OO） software. ECFG is a layered CFG where nodes refer to methods rather than statements. A new metrics Extended Cyclomatic Complexity （E-CC） is developed which is analogous to McCabe＇s Cyclomatic Complexity （CC） and refers to the number of independent execution paths within the OO software. The different ways in which CFG＇s of individual methods are connected in an ECFG are presented and formulas for E-CC for these different cases are proposed. Finally we have considered an example in Java and based on its ECFG, applied these cases to arrive at the E-CC of the total system as well as proposed a methodology for calculating the basis set, i.e., the set of independent paths for the OO system that will help in creation of test cases for code testing.

关键词： object-oriented testing extended control flow graph extended cyclomatic complexity test paths graph-based testing

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An automated approach to inheritance and polymorphic testing using a VDM plus plus specification

An automated approach to inheritance and polymorphic testing...

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10th IEEE International Multitopic Conference

作者： Nadeem, Aamer Malik, Zafar I. Lyu, Michael R. Mohammad Ali Jinnah Univ Ctr Software Dependabil Islamabad Pakistan Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci & Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424407941

The use of formal methods is growing with the rapidly increasing applications of safety-critical systems in such fields as aviation, medicine, railways etc. The benefits of using formal methods are not limited to avoidance of specification errors and elimination of ambiguities only - a formal specification also provides a sound basis for generating test suites. However, most of the work in this area has focused on unit testing only. In object-oriented paradigm, inheritance and polymorphism are powerful features, yet they present new challenges to the testers. In this paper, we present a novel approach to automated generation of test cases from a VDM++ specification. We base our testing technique on Offutt et al.'s fault model for subtype inheritance and polymorphic testing.

关键词： formal specification test-case generation object-oriented testing specification-based testing

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Using evolutionary algorithms for the unit testing of object-oriented software 05

Using evolutionary algorithms for the unit testing of object...

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Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference

作者： Wappler, Stefan Lammermann, Frank DaimlerChrystler AG Res & Technol D-10559 Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1595930108

As the paradigm of object orientation becomes more and more important for modern IT development projects, the demand for an automated test case generation to dynamically test object-oriented software increases. While search-based test case generation strategies, such as evolutionary testing, are well researched for procedural software, relatively little research has been done in the area of evolutionary object-oriented software testing. This paper presents an approach with which to apply evolutionary algorithms for the automatic generation of test cases for the white-box testing of object-oriented software. Test cases for testing object-oriented software include test programs which create and manipulate objects in order to achieve a certain test goal. Strategies for the encoding of test cases to evolvable data structures as well as ideas about how the objective functions could allow for a sophisticated evaluation are proposed. It is expected that the ideas herein can be adapted for other unit testing methods as well. The approach has been implemented by a prototype for empirical validation. In experiments with this prototype, evolutionary testing outperformed random testing. Evolutionary algorithms could be successfully applied for the white-box testing of object-oriented software.

关键词： verification object-oriented testing evolutionary testing chaining approach multi-level optimization automated test case generation

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Measuring design testability of a UML class diagram

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2005年第13期47卷 859-879页

作者： Baudry, B Le Traon, Y France Telecom R&D F-22307 Lannion France IRISA F-35042 Rennes France

Design-for-testability is a very important issue in software engineering. It becomes crucial in the case of OO designs where control flows are generally not hierarchical, but are diffuse and distributed over the whole architecture. In this paper, we concentrate on detecting, pinpointing and suppressing potential testability weaknesses of a UML class diagram. The attribute significant from design testability is called 'class interaction' and is generalized in the notion of testability anti-pattern: it appears when potentially concurrent client/supplier relationships between classes exist in the system. These interactions point out parts of the design that need to be improved, driving structural modifications or constraints specifications, to reduce the final testing effort. In this paper, the testability measurement we propose counts the number and the complexity of interactions that must be covered during testing. The approach is illustrated on application examples. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： object-oriented software measurement UML object-oriented testing software design quality testability anti-patterns

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From genetic to bacteriological algorithms for mutation-based testing

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SOFTWARE testing VERIFICATION & RELIABILITY 2005年第2期15卷 73-96页

作者： Baudry, B Fleurey, F Jézéquel, JM Le Traon, Y Inst Rech Informat & Syst Aleatoires F-35042 Rennes France

The level of confidence in a software component is often linked to the quality of its test cases. This quality can in turn be evaluated with mutation analysis: faults are injected into the software component (making mutants of it) to check the proportion of mutants detected ('killed') by the test cases. But while the generation of a set of basic test cases is easy, improving its quality may require prohibitive effort. This paper focuses on the issue of automating the test optimization. The application of genetic algorithms would appear to be an interesting way of tackling it. The optimization problem is modelled as follows: a test case can be considered as a predator while a mutant program is analogous to a prey. The aim of the selection process is to generate test cases able to kill as many mutants as possible, starting from an initial set of predators, which is the test cases set provided by the programmer. To overcome disappointing experimentation results, on Net components and unit Eiffel classes, a slight variation on this idea is studied, no longer at the 'animal' level (lions killing zebras, say) but at the bacteriological level. The bacteriological level indeed better reflects the test case optimization issue: it mainly differs from the genetic one by the introduction of a memorization function and the suppression of the crossover operator. The purpose of this paper is to explain how the genetic algorithms have been adapted to fit with the issue of test optimization. The resulting algorithm differs so much from genetic algorithms that it has been given another name: bacteriological algorithm. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： automatic test generation evolutionist algorithms object-oriented testing mutation analysis

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Investigating the effectiveness of object-oriented testing strategies using the mutation method

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SOFTWARE testing VERIFICATION & RELIABILITY 2001年第4期11卷 207-225页

作者： Kim, SW Clark, JA McDermid, JA Univ York Dept Comp Sci York Y010 5DD N Yorkshire England

The mutation method assesses test quality by examining the ability of a test set to distinguish syntactic deviations representing specific types of faults from the program under test. This paper describes an empirical study performed to evaluate the effectiveness of object-oriented (OO) test strategies using the mutation method. The test sets for the experimental system are generated according to three selected OO test strategies and their effectiveness is compared by determining how well the developed test sets kill injected mutants derived from an established mutation system Mothra and the authors' own OO-specific mutation technique which is termed Class Mutation. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： mutation testing object-oriented testing Java Class Mutation

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Evolutionary testing of classes 04

Evolutionary testing of classes

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ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software testing and Analysis

作者： Paolo Tonella ITC-irst Povo (Trento) Italy

ISBN: (纸本)1581138202

object oriented programming promotes reuse of classes in multiple contexts. Thus, a class is designed and implemented with several usage scenarios in mind, some of which possibly open and generic. Correspondingly, the unit testing of classes cannot make too strict assumptions on the actual method invocation sequences, since these vary from application to *** this paper, a genetic algorithm is exploited to automatically produce test cases for the unit testing of classes in a generic usage scenario. Test cases are described by chromosomes, which include information on which objects to create, which methods to invoke and which values to use as inputs. The proposed algorithm mutates them with the aim of maximizing a given coverage measure. The implementation of the algorithm and its application to classes from the Java standard library are described.

关键词： object-oriented testing CALLING(PROGRAMMING) Classes CASING INSPECTION Mind reuse object oriented programming

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Functional testing of object-oriented software 03

Functional testing of object-oriented software

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Proceedings of the 4th international conference conference on Computer systems and technologies: e-Learning

作者： Juliana Georgieva Veska Gancheva Dept. of Programming & Computer Systems App. Technical University of Sofia

ISBN: (纸本)9789549641332

The goal of functional testing is to prove that the software performs in conformance with its specification. Functional testing emphasizes the behavioral characteristics of objects by focusing on the interface that is the public, and defining, feature of a class. There are functional test cases for each individual method and functional test cases that treat the class as a unified component. An algorithm that guides the construction of functional test cases for a class is presented. That algorithm can easily be modified to produce test cases at a greater level of coverage. The input to the algorithm will be portions of the class specification that is produced to guide the design process as much as for the testing process.

关键词： inheritance functional class testing object-oriented systems object-oriented testing

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