The information-carrying programmable metasurfaces have found widespread applications in communication, sensing, and other related areas. However, there is a fundamental but unresolved problem,i.e., the rigorous under...
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The information-carrying programmable metasurfaces have found widespread applications in communication, sensing, and other related areas. However, there is a fundamental but unresolved problem,i.e., the rigorous understanding of the quantization of metasurfacecoding. Here, we theoretically investigate the performance difference between one-bit and continuous information-encodingmetasurfaces. To this end,we derive analytical representations of system responses in various cases(single-input single-output, singleinput multiple-output, and multiple-input multiple-output). We analyze the impact of one-bitcoding(in contrast to continuous coding) in terms of the resulting channel cross-talk and reduction of information capacity in various representative scenarios from wireless communication and holography. Our main finding indicates that the one-bitcoding yields a satisfactory performance in most practical scenarios; we also show that in many cases there are smart ways to mildly relax optimization constraints in order to reduce the performance gap between the one-bit and continuous coding. We expect that our results can provide theoretical guidance for a large variety of metasurface-assisted information systems for electromagnetic waves and other wave phenomena.
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