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Efficient CI-Based one-bit precoding for Multiuser Downlink Massive MIMO Systems With PSK Modulation

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2024年第5期23卷 4861-4875页

作者： Wu, Zheyu Jiang, Bo Liu, Ya-Feng Shao, Mingjie Dai, Yu-Hong Chinese Acad Sci Inst Computat Math & Sci Engn Comp Acad Math & Syst Sci State Key Lab Sci Engn Comp Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Math Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Nanjing Normal Univ Sch Math Sci Key Lab NSLSCS Minist Educ Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sch Informat Sci & Engn Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China

In this paper, we consider the one-bit precoding problem for the multiuser downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with phase shift keying (PSK) modulation. We focus on the celebrated constructive interference (CI)-based problem formulation. We first establish the NP-hardness of the problem (even in the single-user case), which reveals the intrinsic difficulty of globally solving the problem. Then, we propose a novel negative l(1) penalty model for the considered problem, which penalizes the one-bit constraint into the objective by a negative l(1)-norm term, and show the equivalence between (global and local) solutions of the original problem and the penalty problem when the penalty parameter is sufficiently large. We further transform the penalty model into an equivalent min-max problem and propose an efficient alternating proximal/projection gradient descent ascent (APGDA) algorithm for solving it, which performs a proximal gradient decent over one block of variables and a projection gradient ascent over the other block of variables alternately. The APGDA algorithm enjoys a low per-iteration complexity and is guaranteed to converge to a stationary point of the min-max problem and a local minimizer of the penalty problem. To further reduce the computational cost, we also propose a low-complexity implementation of the APGDA algorithm, where the values of the variables will be fixed in later iterations once they satisfy the one-bit constraint. Numerical results show that, compared to the state-of-the-art CI-based algorithms, both of the proposed algorithms generally achieve better bit-error-rate (BER) performance with lower computational cost.

关键词： Constructive interference massive MIMO minmax problem negative l(1) penalty one-bit precoding

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Low-Latency Lattice-Reduction-Aided one-bit precoding Processor for 64-QAM 4x64 MU-MIMO Systems

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2021年 2卷 472-484页

作者： Ho, Pao-Pao Chen, Chiao-En Huang, Yuan-Hao Natl Tsing Hua Univ Inst Commun Engn Hsinchu 300 Taiwan RealTek Corp SoC Commun Network Business Grp 2 Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Natl Chung Hsing Univ Dept Elect Engn Taichung 402 Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

Massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) communication is a crucial technique for next-generation wireless systems because it enables high-throughput and ultra-reliable data transmission. However, high power consumption is a challenging problem in conventional transceiver designs, where each RF chain at the transmitter requires a pair of high-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs), which are the primary power sources in front-end circuits. Therefore, quantized precoding algorithms were recently proposed to address this issue. They used low-resolution DACs at the transmitter and compensated for the distortion caused by the quantization effect at the baseband. This paper proposes a constellation-range gain-controlled lattice-reduction-aided (CR-GCLRA) one-bit precoding algorithm for massive MU-MIMO systems with high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signaling. Lattice reduction (LR) preprocessing is adopted for performance enhancement. A novel gain-control mechanism is proposed to address the constellation range expansion problem in conventional LR preprocessing. We designed and implemented a CR-GCLRA one-bit precoding processor by using TSMC 40-nm CMOS technology to accelerate the one-bit precoding processing for 64-QAM 4 x 64 MU-MIMO system. The proposed one-bit precoding processor can achieve a throughput of 43.92 Mbits per second at a clock speed of 269 MHz with 271 mW power consumption and 0.51 mu s latency.

关键词： Lattice reduction multi-user MIMO one-bit precoding VLSI

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one-bit precoding Constellation Design via Autoencoder-Based Deep Learning 53

One-Bit Precoding Constellation Design via Autoencoder-Based...

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53rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers (ACSSC)

作者： Sohrabi, Foad Yu, Wei Univ Toronto Dept Elect & Comp Engn Toronto ON M5S 3G4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781728143002

This paper considers a multicasting system in which the base station has a large number of antennas with cost-effective one-bit digital-to-analog converters and aims to send a common symbol to multiple remote users. Unlike the existing literature which seeks to design the one-bit precoder for a given constellation, e.g., quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or phase shift keying (PSK), this paper aims to jointly design the transmit one-bit precoder and the receive constellation by leveraging the concept of autoencoder, wherein the end-to-end multicasting system is modeled using a deep neural network with the one-bit precoding constraint represented by a binary thresholding layer. To deal with the issue that such a binary layer always produces a gradient of zero, and thus prevents an effective end-to-end training when using the conventional back-propagation method, this paper uses a variant of straight-through estimator which approximates the thresholding function with a properly scaled sigmoid function in the back-propagation phase. Numerical results show that, for a fixed channel scenario, the proposed autoencoder-based constellation design is superior to the conventional QAM and PSK constellations. Using the insights obtained from fixed channel scenarios, we also propose a constellation design for varying channel scenarios and numerically show that the proposed design achieves a better performance as compared to the conventional constellations.

关键词： autoencoder binary neurons deep neural network one-bit precoding multiple-input multiple-output

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Lattice-Reduction-Aided one-bit precoding for Massive MU-MIMO Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2019年第7期68卷 7184-7188页

作者： Chen, Chiao-En Huang, Yuan-Hao Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Elect Engn Chiayi 62102 Taiwan Natl Chung Cheng Univ Adv Inst Mfg High Tech Innovat Chiayi 62102 Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua Univ Inst Commun Engn Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

one-bit precoding is a recently proposed scheme that facilitates the use of one-bit digital-to-analog converters to reduce the cost and power consumption in a massive antenna system. In line with this, we consider the massive multiuser-multiple-input multiple-output scenario and propose a lattice-reduction-aided one-bit precoding algorithm. The proposed algorithm solves the mean square error-based one-bit precoder design problem by augmenting the Babai's nearest plane procedure with a newly proposed list generation algorithm. The proposed precoder contains no tuning parameters and hence avoids additional overheads for parameter tuning when applied to a practical system. Furthermore, the symbol precoding stage in our precoder is noniterative and can be implemented via distributed processing. These desirable features along with an excellent performance-complexity tradeoff demonstrated that the proposed precoder stands out as a competitive alternative in addition to the existing one-bit precoders.

关键词： Massive MIMO digital-to-analog converter precoder one-bit precoding lattice reduction

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one-bit precoding and Constellation Range Design for Massive MIMO With QAM Signaling

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2018年第3期12卷 557-570页

作者： Sohrabi, Foad Liu, Ya-Feng Yu, Wei Univ Toronto Edward S Rogers Sr Dept Elect & Comp Engn Toronto ON M5S 3G4 Canada Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Sci & Engn Comp Acad Math & Syst Sci Inst Computat Math & Sci Engn Comp Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

The use of low-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs) for transmit precoding provides crucial energy efficiency advantage for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) implementation. This paper formulates a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation range and a one-bit symbol-level precoding design problem for minimizing the average symbol error rate (SER) in downlink massive MIMO transmission. A tight upper bound for the SER with low-resolution DAC precoding is first derived. The derived expression suggests that the performance degradation of one-bit precoding can be interpreted as a decrease in the effective minimum distance of the QAM constellation. Using the obtained SER expression, we propose a QAM constellation range design for the single-user case. It is shown that in the massive MIMO limit, a reasonable choice for constellation range with one-bit precoding is that of the infinite-resolution precoding with per-symbol power constraint, but reduced by a factor of root 2/pi or about 0.8. The corresponding minimum distance reduction translates to about a 2 dB gap between the performance of one-bit precoding and infinite-resolution precoding. This paper further proposes a low-complexity heuristic algorithm for the one-bit precoder design. Finally, the proposed QAM constellation range and precoder design are generalized to the multiuser downlink. We propose to scale the constellation range for the infinite-resolution zero-forcing (ZF) precoding with per-symbol power constraint by the same factor of root 2/pi for one-bit precoding. The proposed one-bit precoding scheme is shown to be within 2 dB of infiniteresolution ZF. In term of number of antennas, one-bit precoding requires about 50% more antennas to achieve the same performance as infinite-resolution precoding.

关键词： Low-resolution digital-to-analog converter (DAC) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) one-bit precoding quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbol error rate (SER) symbol-level precoding zero-forcing (ZF)

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Prospects and Challenges of THz precoding

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2022年第3期31卷 488-498页

作者： GUO Rongbin TANG Yajie ZHANG Changming LIU Shanyun ZHAO Zhifeng Zhejiang Laboratory

Terahertz(THz) communications are considered as very promising for the sixth-generation(6 G) ultra-dense wireless networks. However, THz signals suffer from well-known severe path loss, which consequently shortens the coverage of THz communication systems. To deal with this issue, precoding technique is expected to be beneficial to extend the limited coverage by providing directional beams with ultra large number of antenna arrays. In this paper, we overview the state-ofthe-art developments of THz precoding techniques such as reconfigurable intelligent surface based precoding, hybrid digital-analog precoding and delay-phase precoding. Based on the survey, we summarize several open issues remaining to be addressed, and discuss the prospects of a few potential research directions on THz precoding, such as one-bit precoding, precoding for hardware impairments and THz security precoding. This overview will be helpful for researchers to study innovative solutions of THz precoding in the future 6 G wireless communications.

关键词： sixth-generation ultra-dense wireless networks terahertz communications THz communication systems one-bit precoding reconfigurable intelligent surface based precoding future 6G wireless communications hybrid digital-analog precoding severe path loss delay-phase precoding THz precoding techniques 6G mobile communication directive antennas security precoding antenna arrays precoding

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one-bit MASSIVE MIMO precoding VIA A MINIMUM SYMBOL-ERROR PROBABILITY DESIGN

ONE-BIT MASSIVE MIMO PRECODING VIA A MINIMUM SYMBOL-ERROR PR...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Shao, Mingjie Li, Qiang Ma, Wing-Kin Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Elec Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Info & Comm Engn Chengdu Sichuan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538646588

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has the potential to substantially improve the spectral efficiency, robustness and coverage of mobile networks. However, such potential is limited by hardware cost and power consumption associated with a large number of RF chains. Recently, one-bit quantization is proposed to address this issue by replacing high-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs) with one-bit DACs, thereby simplifying the RF chains. Despite low system cost, advanced signal processing techniques are needed to compensate for quantization distortions caused by low-resolution DACs. In this paper, a symbol-error-rate (SER)-based one-bit precoding scheme is proposed to minimize the detection error probability of all users under one-bit constraints. The problem is recast as a continuous optimization problem with a biconvex objective. By applying the block coordinate descent (BCD) method and the FISTA method, we develop an efficient iterative algorithm to obtain a one-bit precoding solution. Simulation results demonstrate its superiority over state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of bit error rate performance in high-order modulation cases.

关键词： massive MIMO one-bit precoding FISTA

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MULTIUSER one-bit MASSIVE MIMO precoding UNDER MPSK SIGNALING

MULTIUSER ONE-BIT MASSIVE MIMO PRECODING UNDER MPSK SIGNALIN...

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IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP)

作者： Shao, Mingjie Li, Qiang Liu, Yatao Ma, Wing-Kin Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Elec Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Info & Comm Engn Chengdu Sichuan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728112954

Most recently, there has been a flurry of research activities on studying how massive MIMO precoding should be designed when the digital-to-analog conversion at the transmitter side is operated by cheap one-bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs). Such research is motivated by the desire to substantially cut down the hardware cost and power consumption of the radio-frequency chain, which is unaffordable in massive MIMO if high-resolution DACs are still used. one-bit MIMO precoding design problems are much harder to solve than their high-resolution DAC counterparts. In our previous work, we developed a minimum symbol-error probability (SEP) design for one-bit precoding under the multiuser MISO downlink scenario and under quadrature amplitude modulation signaling. Leveraging on the previous work, this work shows how the minimum SEP design is applied to M -ary phase shift keying (MPSK) signaling. Simulation results show that our minimum SEP design delivers significantly better bit-error rate (BER) performance than the other designs for higher-order PSK such as 8-PSK and 16-PSK. As a minor, but useful, side contribution, we also tackle an MPSK SEP characterization problem which was only intuitively treated in the prior arts.

关键词： Massive MIMO one-bit precoding symbol error probability MPSK signaling

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one-bit Massive Mimo precoding via a Minimum Symbol-Error Probability Design

One-Bit Massive Mimo Precoding via a Minimum Symbol-Error Pr...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Mingjie Shao Qiang Li Wing-Kin Ma Department of Elec. Eng. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China School of Info. & Comm. Eng. University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538646595

关键词： massive MIMO one-bit precoding FISTA bit error rate performance prediction coding radiofrequency Error probability Iterative algorithms multiple input multiple output systems High order modulation Quantization Probability

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SPATIAL SIGMA-DELTA MODULATION FOR THE MASSIVE MIMO DOWNLINK 53

SPATIAL SIGMA-DELTA MODULATION FOR THE MASSIVE MIMO DOWNLINK

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53rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers (ACSSC)

作者： Shao, Mingjie Ma, Wing-Kin Li, Qiang Swindlehurst, Lee Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Commun Engn Chengdu Peoples R China Univ Calif Irvine Ctr Pervas Commun & Comp Irvine CA 92697 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728143002

In massive MIMO, replacing high-resolution ADCs/DACs with low-resolution ones has been deemed as a potential way to significantly reduce the power consumption and hardware costs of massive MIMO implementations. In this context, the challenge lies in how the quantization error effect can be suppressed under low-resolution ADCs/DACs. In this paper we study a spatial sigma-delta (Sigma Delta) modulation approach for massive MIMO downlink precoding under one-bit DACs. Sigma Delta modulation is a classical signal processing concept for coarse analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog conversion of temporal signals. Fundamentally its idea is to shape the quantization error as high-frequency noise and to avoid using the high-frequency region by oversampling. Assuming a uniform linear array at the base station (BS), we show how Sigma Delta modulation can be adapted to the space, or MIMO, case. Essentially, by relating frequency in the temporal case and angle in the spatial case, we develop a spatial Sigma Delta modulation solution. By considering sectored array operations we study how the quantization error effect can be reduced, and the effective SNR improved, for zero-forcing (ZF) precoding. Our simulation results show that ZF precoding under spatial Sigma Delta modulation performs much better than ZF precoding under direct quantization.

关键词： massive MIMO spatial sigma-delta modulation one-bit precoding

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