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Enhanced Lagrange relaxation for the optimal unit commitment of identical generating units

IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2020年第18期14卷 3920-3928页

作者： Nikolaidis, Pavlos Poullikkas, Andreas Cyprus Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn POB 50329 CY-3603 Limassol Cyprus Cyprus Energy Regulatory Author POB 24936 CY-1305 Nicosia Cyprus

Intelligent generation scheduling for seamless integration of uncertain and volatile renewable sources constitutes a crucial solution in delivering future low carbon energy. System operators need to devise effective flexibility adequacy plans for their power systems so as to guarantee power balance and ensure feasible and economical operation over different time horizons and under different generational, environmental and technical constraints. In this work, the authors propose a novel approach for addressing the unit commitment problem of identical generating units, based on Lagrange relaxation framework. The proposed method is characterised by a double decomposition formulation to determine the optimal path for the commitment of identical heat-rate units. This approach is tested and compared to conventional Lagrange relaxation on systems with a number of generating units in the range of 20-100. The proposed approach completely outperforms the conventional alternative in terms of total fuel cost savings, as well as the number of required iterations. In addition, the required iterations are found to increase linearly with system size, which is favourable for large-scale implementations.

关键词： power system planning power generation dispatch power generation economics renewable energy sources power generation scheduling optimisation power generation planning enhanced Lagrange relaxation optimal unit commitment identical generating units intelligent generation scheduling seamless integration uncertain sources volatile renewable sources future low carbon energy system operators effective flexibility adequacy plans power systems power balance feasible operation economical operation different time horizons different generational constraints environmental constraints technical constraints unit commitment problem Lagrange relaxation framework optimal path identical heat-rate units conventional Lagrange relaxation system size

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Energy Storage System Analysis Review for optimal unit commitment

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ENERGIES 2020年第1期13卷 158-158页

作者： Howlader, Harun Or Rashid Adewuyi, Oludamilare Bode Hong, Ying-Yi Mandal, Paras Mohamed Hemeida, Ashraf Senjyu, Tomonobu Univ Ryukyus Grad Sch Sci & Engn Okinawa 9030213 Japan Chung Yuan Christian Univ Dept Elect Engn Taoyuan 32023 Taiwan Univ Texas El Paso Dept Elect & Comp Engn El Paso TX 79968 USA Aswan Univ Fac Energy Engn Aswan 81528 Egypt

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are essential to ensure continuity of energy supply and maintain the reliability of modern power systems. Intermittency and uncertainty of renewable generations due to fluctuating weather conditions as well as uncertain behavior of load demand make ESSs an integral part of power system flexibility management. Typically, the load demand profile can be categorized into peak and off-peak periods, and adding power from renewable generations makes the load-generation dynamics more complicated. Therefore, the thermal generation (TG) units need to be turned on and off more frequently to meet the system load demand. In view of this, several research efforts have been directed towards analyzing the benefits of ESSs in solving optimal unit commitment (UC) problems, minimizing operating costs, and maximizing profits while ensuring supply reliability. In this paper, some recent research works and relevant UC models incorporating ESSs towards solving the abovementioned power system operational issues are reviewed and summarized to give prospective researchers a clear concept and tip-off on finding efficient solutions for future power system flexibility management. Conclusively, an example problem is simulated for the visualization of the formulation of UC problems with ESSs and solutions.

关键词： energy storage systems power system flexibility management renewable energy generations load leveling optimal unit commitment

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Generation expansion planning considering renewable energy integration and optimal unit commitment: A case study of Afghanistan

AIMS ENERGY

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AIMS ENERGY 2019年第4期7卷 441-464页

作者： Ibrahimi, Abdul Matin Sediqi, Mohammad Masih Howlader, Harun Or Rashid Danish, Mir Sayed Shah Chakraborty, Shantanu Senjyu, Tomonobu Univ Ryukyus Elect & Elect Engn Dept Nishihara Okinawa Japan Univ Melbourne Melbourne Vic Australia

The main focus of the proposed framework is to examine the importance of electricity interconnections with a high share of intermittent Renewable Energy (RE) sources and attempts to link the gap between planning model and operation with considering realistic operating details. Therefore optimal unit commitment (UC) is considered to analyze how operational aspects are appropriately done over the planning period. More specifically, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is developed to address the specific challenges of the underlying UC problem. For modelling purposes, demand forecast, applicable RE potentials and the cost of RE technologies are estimated. To reduce the expenses and improve system stability, energy storage systems (pump storage hydro and thermal energy storage) are considered as well. For optimal UC, a typical day (24 h) is employed to determine the capacity expansion and daily operational planning. Each selected day expresses a part of the year (e.g., a season). Incorporation of short-term decisions into the long-term planning framework can strengthen the accuracy of the decisions and guaranty the stability of power networks. The proposed approach can provide valuable insights into the appropriate energy strategies followed by the investors and policymakers at a national and regional level.

关键词： energy expansion plan demand forecast optimal unit commitment renewable energy technologies energy storage system

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Centralized optimal management of a smart distribution system considering the importance of load reduction based on prioritizing smart home appliances

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2022年第19期16卷 3874-3893页

作者： Sanaei, Salman Haghifam, Mahmud-Reza Safdarian, Amir Islamic Azad Univ Karaj Branch Dept Elect Engn Karaj Iran Tarbiat Modares Univ Fac Elect & Comp Engn POB 14115-111 Tehran Iran Sharif Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Tehran Iran

The distribution system's economic operation is significantly impacted by the management of distributed generation (DG) resources, energy storage (ES), and controllable loads. The paper employs a smart distribution system that incorporates dispatchable and non-dispatchable DG resources, as well as battery storage, in addition to the demand response (DR) scheme. New modelling was performed in hourly steps to achieve the optimal unit commitment. In smart homes, appliances are prioritized and classified into four types: adjustable, interruptible, shiftable, and uncontrollable loads. Load reduction in smart homes is also considered based on load prioritization and customer participation in the DR scheme to achieve the proposed scheme's objectives. The proposed method considers costs associated with microturbines (MTs), including manufacturing, start-up, shutdown, and pollution. Additionally, planning is conducted to purchase or sell electricity to the upstream network. The simulation is run on an IEEE 33-bus system to demonstrate the proposed method's effectiveness. The system is assumed to be capable of operation in both island and grid-connected modes. The results demonstrate the proposed approach's efficacy in load reduction, operation cost, and execution time.

关键词： optimal unit commitment interruptible loads smart home appliances uncontrollable loads battery storage power grids centralized optimal management smart distribution system power generation dispatch energy storage DR scheme customer participation controllable loads adjustable loads nondispatchable DG resources power generation economics smart homes distributed power generation power distribution faults load reduction IEEE 33-bus system shiftable, loads power generation scheduling demand side management demand response scheme load prioritization power engineering computing

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optimal energy management strategy in microgrids with mixed energy resources and energy storage system

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IET CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS: THEORY & APPLICATIONS 2020年第1期5卷 80-84页

作者： Semero, Yordanos Kassa Zhang, Jianhua Zheng, Dehua Trina Solar Energy Shanghai Co Ltd Shanghai 200000 Peoples R China North China Elect Power Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Beijing 102206 Peoples R China Goldwind Sci & Technol Co Ltd Beijing 100176 Peoples R China

The continued growth of distributed generation (DG) in the electrical grid has led to the expansion of microgrids. Microgrids contain distributed power generation units, energy storage devices, and controllable loads with the capability to operate in both grid-connected and island modes. The economic operation of a microgrid is achieved through an energy management system that optimally schedules DGs and storage devices and continuously balances supply and demand. In this study, a formulation of optimal unit commitment (UC) and dispatch scheduling of DGs in a grid-connected microgrid system is presented. Mixed-integer linear programming is used to implement the optimal UC and dispatch scheduling model. The objective is to minimise the overall operating cost of the system by optimally utilising an energy storage device and a combined heat and power (CHP) generation unit using load and renewable energy generation prediction. Operational constraints such as generation limits of DGs, battery charging/discharging limits and state-of-charge limits are to be satisfied during all intervals of operation. Simulation results indicate that the operational cost of the system is significantly reduced through optimal scheduling of an energy storage system and a CHP unit using the proposed strategy.

关键词： power generation scheduling energy management systems cogeneration power distribution faults renewable energy sources distributed power generation integer programming power generation dispatch linear programming energy storage power grids grid-connected microgrid system mixed-integer linear programming optimal UC scheduling model operating cost energy storage device power generation unit renewable energy generation prediction operational constraints operational cost optimal scheduling energy storage system optimal energy management strategy mixed energy resources continued growth distributed generation electrical grid economic operation energy management system schedules DGs storage devices continuously balances supply optimal unit commitment

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unit commitment in power systems with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

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INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS 2013年第7期23卷 1205-1220页

作者： Lu, Lingrong Wen, Fushuan Ledwich, Gerard Huang, Jiansheng Zhejiang Univ Sch Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Queensland Univ Technol Sch Engn Syst Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia Univ Western Sydney Sch Comp & Math Penrith NSW 1797 Australia

With the continued development of renewable energy generation technologies and increasing pressure to combat the global effects of greenhouse warming, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have received worldwide attention, finding applications in North America and Europe. When a large number of PHEVs are introduced into a power system, there will be extensive impacts on power system planning and operation, as well as on electricity market development. It is therefore necessary to properly control PHEV charging and discharging behaviors. Given this background, a new unit commitment model and its solution method that takes into account the optimal PHEV charging and discharging controls is presented in this paper. A 10-unit and 24-hour unit commitment (UC) problem is employed to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the developed method, and the impacts of the wide applications of PHEVs on the operating costs and the emission of the power system are studied. Case studies are also carried out to investigate the impacts of different PHEV penetration levels and different PHEV charging modes on the results of the UC problem. A 100-unit system is employed for further analysis on the impacts of PHEVs on the UC problem in a larger system application. Simulation results demonstrate that the employment of optimized PHEV charging and discharging modes is very helpful for smoothing the load curve profile and enhancing the ability of the power system to accommodate more PHEVs. Furthermore, an optimal Vehicle to Grid (V2G) discharging control provides economic and efficient backups and spinning reserves for the secure and economic operation of the power system. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： power system optimal unit commitment plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging and discharging mode spinning reserve optimal control

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optimal Scheduling of Combined Heat and Power Generation units Using the Thermal Inertia of the Connected District Heating Grid as Energy Storage

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ENERGIES 2019年第2期12卷 266-266页

作者： Merkert, Lennart Haime, Ashvar Abdoul Hohmann, Soeren ABB Corp Res Ctr Germany D-68526 Ladenburg Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol Inst Control Syst D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany

A better integration across sectors is an essential element of 4th generation district heating and smart energy systems allowing to react to volatile renewable energy generation. This sector coupling enables to use more cost-efficient storage as storage prices differ for different forms of energy. Thermal energy for example can be stored in comparably cheap storage tanks. Besides such dedicated storage, the thermal inertia of a heating grid can be used as thermal storage as well. In this paper, a classic unit commitment optimization for scheduling of combined heat and power units not considering grid dynamics is extended to cover thermal dynamics of heating grids. First an outer approximation of the grid storage capabilities is developed. Second, a very efficient formulation for the storage dynamics of a heating grid is introduced and its capabilities are shown in a motivating case study. In this study additional savings of several thousand Euros per day are achieved using the thermal inertia of a heating grid as storage.

关键词： integrated heat and power dispatch optimal unit commitment district heating network inherent thermal storage thermal inertia

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unit commitment using improved adjustable robust optimisation for large-scale new energy power stations

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING-JOE 2019年第16期2019卷 1175-1180页

作者： Xiu, Lian-cheng Kang, Zhi-liang Huang, Peng Sichuan Agr Univ Coll Mech & Elect Engn Yaan Peoples R China

In order to minimise the electricity costs of the power system, this paper proposes an optimal operation scheduling for large-scale new energy power stations with the uncertainty of wind and light power. The proposed scheduling method provides the optimal unit commitment and the economic operation, and it not only considers the generating costs of new energy power stations and thermal power plant but also considers switch machine cost of conventional thermal generating unit. The unit commitment of wind and light integrated power systems has a numerous of non-linear characteristics, so the uncertainties require algorithm that can handle large amounts of robustness. Adjustable Robust Optimisation (ARO) can handle the uncertainty very well and is determined to be the main optimisation. At the same time, Particle Swarm Optimisation Algorithm (PSOA) is used to speed up the convergence. In summary, PSOA and ARO combination scheduling is demonstrated by the standard IEEE 10-generator 39-bus system. The improved ARO of simulation results prove that the conclusion of this paper is correct.

关键词： power generation scheduling power generation dispatch particle swarm optimisation thermal power stations scheduling power generation economics optimisation power system electricity costs standard IEEE 10-generator 39-bus system adjustable robust optimisation light integrated power systems conventional thermal generating unit switch machine cost thermal power plant generating costs optimal unit commitment light power energy power stations optimal operation scheduling

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