The growth of data traffic in telecommunication networks has increased the power consumption and its saving has become a key issue in planning and management of telecommunication networks. On the other hand, to guaran...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467394932
The growth of data traffic in telecommunication networks has increased the power consumption and its saving has become a key issue in planning and management of telecommunication networks. On the other hand, to guarantee availability and reliability, core optical networks have redundant resources to support extra traffic demand or infrastructure fault. The dedicated path protection (DPP) is an effective and widely used scheme to manage fault. However, networks supporting such strategy keep protection paths in active state, even in conditions where they are not carrying traffic, thus consuming power unnecessarily. To overcome this inefficiency, an effective strategy for decreasing wasted power is an adaptive traffic routing based on sleep mode, which is a state of low power consumption able to change quickly to an active state. The strategy is to route the traffic in order to maximize the amount of network components used by protection paths that can be set in sleep mode. In general, reported strategies reduce power consumption at the expense of increasing blocking probability. In this article, we address the power saving problem in WDM networks using DPP scheme proposing a wider resource search routing and wavelength assignment (RWA), named in-depth (ID-) RWA. Computer simulations based on the COST239 topology showed that the ID-RWA has better performance regarding the compromise between blocking probability and power consumption. Moreover, it manages to decrease the blocking probability while boosting the energy awareness.
NBTI-induced PMOS transistor aging has become an important influence factor of the circuit reliability in the current technological dimension. In this paper, Multi-Vth technique based on potential critical paths for N...
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NBTI-induced PMOS transistor aging has become an important influence factor of the circuit reliability in the current technological dimension. In this paper, Multi-Vth technique based on potential critical paths for NBTI effect and leakage tradeoff is proposed. The potential critical paths can be found at the preset timing margin and the critical gates in the potential critical paths can be replaced with the low threshold voltage type through the optimization algorithm mentioned in our paper. The experimental results on ISCAS85 benchmark circuits at 45nm node show that the after-aging delay improvement rate is up to 12.95%, which is obviously better than the current multi-threshold voltage scheme. Simultaneously, the leakage power overhead is less. Our method is more effective for the larger circuit in the anti-aging aspect.
This paper presents the results obtained testing a tool designed to characterize and simulate the behavior of a Photovoltaic (PV) panel under real and/or simulated working conditions. The presented tool permits the co...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424428328;9781424428335
This paper presents the results obtained testing a tool designed to characterize and simulate the behavior of a Photovoltaic (PV) panel under real and/or simulated working conditions. The presented tool permits the continuous monitoring of the I-V (Current-Voltage) and P-V (Power-Voltage) characteristics of the panel and the comparison between actual and expected performance;in this way it is possible to prevent any possible decrease of the output power and to replace the monitored module before it goes out of order or its efficiency falls under a given threshold. The well known two-diode model is used to estimate the parameters of the electrical equivalent circuit of the PV panel and to simulate both the I-V and P-V characteristic curves in any given environmental condition of irradiation and/or temperature. The model and the estimation algorithm are implemented as a MATLAB script while the user interface is designed with LabVTEW. The presented tool has been validated against an experimentally characterized PV panel. The environmental parameters of the model such as irradiance and temperature have been measured directly, whereas the others parameters have been evaluated using a best-fit algorithm on the measured data.
The plug and play nature of distributed generation (DG) sources present in existing power grids changes the fault current levels and paths seen by the relays, which challenges the traditional network protection scheme...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538642924
The plug and play nature of distributed generation (DG) sources present in existing power grids changes the fault current levels and paths seen by the relays, which challenges the traditional network protection schemes. Conventional directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) commonly used for the protection of meshed and ring type distribution systems may not be adequate to address the impacts caused by the huge penetration of various types of DGs and their fluctuating nature. Hence in this paper, a numerical protection strategy is proposed with adaptive protection settings considering the stochastic nature of DGs. The optimal relay settings to minimize the overall operating time of the numerical relays are obtained through a novel hybrid method. In this method, an adaptive fuzzy inference module (AFIM) equipped with an optimization algorithm is used for determining the appropriate current settings and a heuristic algorithm is used for calculating the time settings of the numerical relays. The proposed protection algorithm is tested on a modified IEEE 14-bus system equipped with different types of DGs. The case study results conducted with various DG scenarios and different operation modes verify the ability of the proposed approach to deduce optimal protection settings of the numerical protection algorithm with minimal relay operating time.
This manuscript presents a comprehensive mathematical model for multi-objective optimization problem of the microgrid. The microgrid consists of houses and local plants, each seen as independent agents with their spec...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509033591
This manuscript presents a comprehensive mathematical model for multi-objective optimization problem of the microgrid. The microgrid consists of houses and local plants, each seen as independent agents with their specific goals. We, also, propose a heuristic algorithm for optimizing the electricity cost by using the concept of load shifting and renewable power sharing among houses in the microgrid for a particular price. The proposed algorithm also minimizes the loss of energy by prioritizing power exchange between houses and minimize discomfort factor. The findings show that houses and micro plants working in microgrid setting can make significant savings. The results also illustrate that the algorithm guarantees that no agent will lose in the microgrid.
Cross-entropy method is base on probability density function. It is robust, easy to use. With analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the cross-entropy method, a directed quantile method based on crossentropy is...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424438631;9781424438624
Cross-entropy method is base on probability density function. It is robust, easy to use. With analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the cross-entropy method, a directed quantile method based on crossentropy is proposed. The main idea of the directed quantile cross-entropy method is to select alterable quantity vectors using for producing a "better" sample in the next iteration. The convergence speed and search best result of the directed quantile cross-entropy are tested using 0/1 knapsack problems. The experiments show that the search efficiency of the modified cross-entropy method is more significantly improved than quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm and cross-entropy method.
The paper proposes a model for the thermal network of the Savona Campus Smart Polygeneration Microgrid (SPM) in terms of an equivalent electric circuit. Such model allows to represent in a simple but accurate way the ...
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The paper proposes a model for the thermal network of the Savona Campus Smart Polygeneration Microgrid (SPM) in terms of an equivalent electric circuit. Such model allows to represent in a simple but accurate way the behavior of the SPM thermal network in order to insert it into the Energy Management System (EMS) that is presently running in the SPM control room. The parameters of the thermal circuit are identified by means of an algorithm that minimizes the difference between the temperature profile as calculated with the circuit and the measured one.
Receding horizon control is a kind of optimal feedback control, in which the control performance over a finite future is optimized. The control of fluid dynamics is a challenging problem that arises in many fields. Th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467322591
Receding horizon control is a kind of optimal feedback control, in which the control performance over a finite future is optimized. The control of fluid dynamics is a challenging problem that arises in many fields. The objective of this study is to provide a novel framework of designing a receding horizon controller for thermal fluid systems. The method proposed here is advantageous for its applicability to a wide class of optimization problem of thermal fluid systems. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation.
The transportation of oil and gas relies heavily on pipelines, and pipeline corrosion is a major factor affecting pipeline reliability. It can lead to pipeline failure and other damage. Pipeline corrosion prediction i...
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The transportation of oil and gas relies heavily on pipelines, and pipeline corrosion is a major factor affecting pipeline reliability. It can lead to pipeline failure and other damage. Pipeline corrosion prediction is of great importance for pipeline integrity management and failure prevention. A physical law intervening RF(Random Forest)-PSO(Particle Swarm optimization)-BP(Back Propagation Neural Network) algorithm is proposed to predict pipeline corrosion rate. The DeWaard physical model is first fitted to the data, and the fitted physical model predicts pipeline corrosion to form a new feature, which is then combined with the features extracted by the RF algorithm to form a new feature that is used as an input metric for the data-driven model. Secondly, the already constructed features are divided into training set and testing set. The training set is used to train the PSO-BP model, and the test set is used to test the accuracy of the model. The model is evaluated using the metrics such as MAE, MBE, MAPE, and R 2 . To show the superiority of the proposed model, the proposed model is compared with other models. The results show that the proposed model has some advantages in both feature analysis and corrosion prediction, and it has some theoretical guidance for pipeline protection.
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