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Augmenting the usability of parallel coordinate plot: The polyline glyphs

INFORMATION VISUALIZATION 2018年第2期17卷 108-127页

作者： Opach, Tomasz Rod, Jan Ketil Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Geog NO-7491 Trondheim Norway

Polyline glyphs are minimized thumbnails of polylines from parallel coordinates. Since such glyphs may augment the usability of parallel coordinates, the authors investigate whether there are benefits to be derived from using polyline glyphs that are dynamically linked to parallel coordinates as opposed to the use of the latter visualization technique alone. They also identify user tasks that can be effectively solved if parallel coordinates dynamically linked to polyline glyphs are used. This study adds to the body of previous work a discussion on the features of the polyline glyphs that facilitate the exploration and understanding of multivariate data. Moreover, the authors conduct an empirical study in which parallel coordinates dynamically linked to polyline glyphs are used to solve four tasks. The main finding is that polyline glyphs can facilitate a better insight into the similarities between the multivariate signatures of data items and information acquisition if visual clutter hinders the use of parallel coordinates. The study also reveals that if visual clutter does not occur in parallel coordinates and the polylines from the latter can be differentiated, individuals tend not to use polyline glyphs to study multivariate signatures.

关键词： Polyline glyphs glyphs parallel coordinate plot geovisualization user study

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Many-objective optimisation of offshore wind farms

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APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING 2025年 173卷

作者： Manikowski, Pawel L. Craven, Matthew J. Walker, David J. Univ Plymouth Sch Engn Comp & Math Drake Circus Plymouth PL4 8AA England Univ Exeter Dept Comp Sci North Pk Rd Exeter EX4 4QF England

The design of offshore wind farms is computationally challenging, requiring the simultaneous optimisation of many conflicting objectives. Solving this problem is of paramount importance if society is to meet ambitious net zero goals. The problem is solved by identifying an optimal arrangement of individual turbines such that all objectives are optimised. However, a single solution does not exist due to the inherent conflict between objectives, and a set of solutions must be identified. As well as the challenge in generating optimal solution sets, there exists a decision support task if the solutions are to be effectively presented to a decision maker. This study focuses on six key objectives: wind farm efficiency, annual energy production, electric cable length, number of wind turbines, levelised cost of energy, and total area. Two evolutionary algorithms, NSGA-II and NSGA-III, were employed to explore the solution space efficiently. Performance evaluation was performed using spacing, generational distance, and hypervolume metrics. The aforementioned algorithms and metrics were applied to three wind farm layouts: a discrete layout and two continuous layouts. The NSGA-III algorithm was shown to perform better than its predecessor (NSGA-II). The difference was small, albeit significant. Previous works (e.g., Rodrigues et al. (2016);Mytilinou and Kolios (2017)) in which many-objective optimisations were discussed provided little insight into the visualisation and interpretation of the results. While the mentioned work used parallel coordinate plots, this work provides a deeper insight by presenting the results via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) plots. The best solution, containing 6188 wind farm layouts, was found by the NSGA-III algorithm on a continuous wind farm layout with repair mechanism. From the best solution, the wind farms containing 27, 102 and 160 wind turbines were selected and compared with the real wind farms locat

关键词： Wind farm optimisation Many-objective optimisation NSGA-II NSGA-III Hypervolume Spacing Generational distance parallel coordinate plot Dimension reduction

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Working fluid selection and extensive sensitivity analysis for the thermodynamic optimization of a novel trigeneration cycle with two-phase expanders and compressors

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ENERGY 2019年 179卷 709-726页

作者： Briola, Stefano Gabbrielli, Roberto Fino, Andrea Bischi, Aldo Di Marco, Paolo FA Univ Erlangen Affiliate Inst German Engn Res & Dev Ctr LSTME Busan Branch 1276 Jisa Dong Busan 46742 South Korea Skolkovo Inst Sci & Technol Ctr Energy Syst Nobel St 3 Moscow 143026 Russia Univ Pisa Dept Civil & Ind Engn DICI I-56126 Pisa Italy Univ Pisa Dept Energy Syst Terr & Construct Engn DESTEC I-56126 Pisa Italy

An extensive investigation of a novel thermodynamic trigeneration cycle, operating with two-phase expanders and compressors and single-component wet working fluids, is carried out. Among the available fluids in the commercial software Aspen Plus 9.0 (R) database and commonly used in industrial applications, four chemical species are selected according to several criteria in order to ensure the technical feasibility of the thermodynamic cycle. Using Aspen Plus 9.0 (R), an extensive sensitivity analysis in steady state conditions considering six process parameters is carried out for each selected working fluid. The combined effects associated to the process parameters on several energy performance indicators are described. To this purpose, the parallel coordinate plots (PCPs) and energy performance maps associated to each indicator are adopted in original way. For each working fluid, each PCP allows the selection of the arrays of the process parameters corresponding to high values of the respective indicator. Each energy performance map allows determining the working fluid associated to the respective maximum indicator in function of the temperatures of the trigenerative end-user and external environment. The proposed method of analysis is a useful and new tool for similar investigation associated to a generic thermodynamic cycle. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermodynamic cycle Trigeneration Two-phase fluid Sensitivity analysis Aspen plus parallel coordinate plot

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Improving the visualization of the Pareto-optimal front for the multi-response optimization of chromatographic determinations

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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA 2011年第2期687卷 129-136页

作者： Ortiz, M. C. Sarabia, L. A. Sanchez, M. S. Arroyo, D. Univ Burgos Fac Sci Dep Chem Burgos 09001 Spain Univ Burgos Fac Sci Dep Math & Computat Burgos 09001 Spain

The paper shows tools to visualize and more easily interpret the effect that some experimental factors may exert on analytical responses of interest when optimization of several responses is needed. It is based on an adaptation of the parallel coordinate plot, a tool for graphical representation of points in multidimensional spaces that, theoretically and contrary to the usual Cartesian plots, does not have limits in the dimension of the points being depicted. The joint use of the Pareto-optimal solutions and their visualization allows a deeper knowledge about the problem at hand as well as the wise selection of the conditions of experimental factors for achieving specific goals about the responses. Although the methodology is for a general use, the procedure, its interpretation and usefulness is shown with several analytical cases in chromatography. The first one refers to the experimental conditions to obtain simultaneously the maximum allowable area for both the peak of the malachite green and its metabolite leucomalachite green in fish by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS). The second one is about the simultaneous determination of steroid hormones estrone and 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In the last case, the chromatographic separation by GC/MS of the diastereoisomers, alpha- and beta-estradiol is needed taking into account that these hormones have the same mass fragments. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chromatography Pareto-optimal front Multiresponse optimization parallel coordinate plot Hormones Fungicides

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Evaluating Multi-Dimensional Visualizations for Understanding Fuzzy Clusters

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2019年第1期25卷 12-21页

作者： Zhao, Ying Luo, Feng Chen, Minghui Wang, Yingchao Xia, Jiazhi Zhou, Fangfang Wang, Yunhai Chen, Yi Chen, Wei Cent S Univ Changsha Hunan Peoples R China Shandong Univ Jinan Shandong Peoples R China Beijing Technol & Business Univ Beijing Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab CAD & CG Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China

Fuzzy clustering assigns a probability of membership for a datum to a cluster, which veritably reflects real-world clustering scenarios but significantly increases the complexity of understanding fuzzy clusters. Many studies have demonstrated that visualization techniques for multi-dimensional data are beneficial to understand fuzzy clusters. However, no empirical evidence exists on the effectiveness and efficiency of these visualization techniques in solving analytical tasks featured by fuzzy clusters. In this paper, we conduct a controlled experiment to evaluate the ability of fuzzy clusters analysis to use four multi-dimensional visualization techniques, namely, parallel coordinate plot, scatterplot matrix, principal component analysis, and Radviz. First, we define the analytical tasks and their representative questions specific to fuzzy clusters analysis. Then, we design objective questionnaires to compare the accuracy, time, and satisfaction in using the four techniques to solve the questions. We also design subjective questionnaires to collect the experience of the volunteers with the four techniques in terms of ease of use, informativeness, and helpfulness. With a complete experiment process and a detailed result analysis, we test against four hypotheses that are formulated on the basis of our experience, and provide instructive guidance for analysts in selecting appropriate and efficient visualization techniques to analyze fuzzy clusters.

关键词： Evaluation multi-dimensional visualization fuzzy clustering parallel coordinate plot scatterplot matrix principal component analysis radviz

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Modeling the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of land surface temperature and its relationship with land use land cover using geo-statistical techniques and machine learning algorithms

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023年第49期30卷 106917-106935页

作者： Bindajam, Ahmed Ali Mallick, Javed Talukdar, Swapan Shahfahad Shohan, Ahmed Ali A. Rahman, Atiqur King Khalid Univ Coll Engn Dept Architecture & Planning Abha Saudi Arabia King Khalid Univ Coll Engn Dept Civil Engn POB 394 Abha 61411 Saudi Arabia Jamia Millia Islamia Dept Geog Fac Nat Sci New Delhi India

Rapid changes in land use and land cover (LULC) have ecological and environmental effects in metropolitan areas. Since the 1990s, Saudi Arabia's cities have undergone tremendous urban growth, causing urban heat islands, groundwater depletion, air pollution, loss of ecosystem services, etc. This study evaluates the variance and heterogeneity in land surface temperature (LST) because of LULC changes in Abha-Khamis Mushyet, Saudi Arabia, from 1990 to 2020. The research aims to determine the impact of urban biophysical parameters on the High-High (H-H) LST cluster using geospatial, statistical, and machine learning techniques. The support vector machine (SVM) was used to map LULC. The land surface temperature (LST) has been derived using the mono-window algorithm (MWA). The local indicator of spatial associations (LISA) model was implemented on the spatiotemporal LST maps to identify LST clusters. Also, the parallel coordinate plot (PCP) approach was employed to examine the relationship between LST clusters and urban biophysical variables as a proxy of LULC. LULC maps show that urban areas rose by > 330% between 1990 and 2020. Built-up areas had an 83.6% transitional probability between 1990 and 2020. In addition, vegetation and agricultural land have been transformed into built-up areas by 17.9% and 21.8% respectively between 1990 and 2020. Uneven LULC changes in terms of built-up areas lead to increased LST hotspots. High normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) was linked to LST hotspots but not normalized difference water index (NDWI) or normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). This research could help policymakers develop mitigation strategies for urban heat islands.

关键词： Support vector machine Mono-window algorithm LISA model parallel coordinate plot Abha-Khamis Mushyet

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Early Building Design: Informed decision-making by exploring multidimensional design space using sensitivity analysis

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ENERGY AND BUILDINGS 2017年 142卷 8-22页

作者： Ostergard, Torben Jensen, Rasmus L. Maagaard, Steffen E. Aalborg Univ Dept Civil Engn Thomas Manns Vej 23 DK-9220 Aalborg O Denmark MOE Consulting Engineers Mariane Thomsens Gade 1C DK-8000 Aarhus Denmark

This paper describes a novel approach to explore a multidimensional design space and guide multi-actor decision making in the design of sustainable buildings. The aim is to provide proactive and holistic guidance of the design team. We propose to perform exhaustive Monte Carlo simulations in an iterative design approach that consists of two steps: 1) preparation by the modeler, and 2) a multi-collaborator meeting. In the preparation phase, the simulation modeler performs Morris sensitivity analysis to fixate insignificant model inputs and to identify non-linearity and interaction effects. Next, a representation of the global design space is obtained from thousands of simulations using low-discrepancy sequences (LP tau) for sampling. From these simulations, the modeler constructs fast metamodels and performs quantitative sensitivity analysis. During the meeting, the design team explores the global design space by filtering the thousands of simulations. Variable filter criteria are easily applied using an interactive parallel coordinate plot which provide immediate feedback on requirements and design choices. Sensitivity measures and metamodels show the combined effects of changing a single input and how to remedy unwanted output changes. The proposed methodology has been developed and tested through real building cases using a normative model to assess energy demand, thermal comfort, and daylight. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Early design stages Building performance simulation Building design Sensitivity analysis Monte Carlo simulations Decision making support parallel coordinate plot Multivariate analysis

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Error detection in three-dimensional surface anthropometric data

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS 2009年第1期39卷 277-282页

作者： Park, Jinwoo Nam, Yunja Lee, Eunkyung Park, Sunmi Univ Suwon Dept Appl Stat Bongdam Eup Whasung Si South Korea Ewha Womans Univ Dept Stat Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Clothing Text Seoul South Korea

In recent years, the use of three-dimensional surface anthropometry has facilitated the collection of anthropometric data. Given the importance of reducing errors and securing data quality, data checking procedures are necessary. After an influential study done by Fellegi, I.P., Holt, C. [1976. A systematic approach to automatic edit and imputation. journal of the American Statistical Association 71, 17-35], many survey organizations adopted data checking procedures to determine whether data are reliable or not. Detection of erroneous data is an essential part of data checking. An important feature of anthropometric data is that the data are continuous and multivariate and have strong correlations among variables. Because of the patterns of intermittent errors in multivariate data, data checking can be very complicated. The objective of this study is to propose an error detection procedure that uses a dynamic and interactive graphical method for anthropometric data. Furthermore, we present the results from applying this procedure to the data from the Korean National Anthropometric Survey, Size Korea 2004. Relevance to industry: Anthropometric data provide a valuable source of information to ergonomists and designers. The results of this study can help to increase the reliability of anthropometric data collected by three-dimensional measurement approaches. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anthropometry Three-dimensional measurement Projection pursuit guided tour parallel coordinate plot Error detection

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Mondrian

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WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS 2010年第5期2卷 606-612页

作者： Theus, Martin Univ Augsburg Dept Comp Oriented Stat & Data Anal D-86135 Augsburg Germany

Mondrian is a general-purpose statistical data-visualization system [Theus M. Interactive data visualization using Mondrian. J Stat Softw 2003, 7: 1-9]. It features outstanding visualization techniques for data of almost any kind, and has its particular strength compared to other tools when working with categorical data, geographical data, and large data sets. Data displays in Mondrian are interactive, i.e., plot parameters may be changed interactively resulting in an instantaneous update of the views. Furthermore, all plots in Mondrian are fully linked, i.e., any case selected or marked in a plot in Mondrian is highlighted in all other linked plots. Mondrian offers interactive queries, which show information of the data objects in any plot. (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

关键词： exploratory data analysis statistical graphics selection and linked highlighting parallel coordinate plot mosaic plot

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Do choropleth maps linked with parallel coordinates facilitate an understanding of multivariate spatial characteristics?

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CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE 2014年第5期41卷 413-429页

作者： Opach, Tomasz Rod, Jan Ketil Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Geog NO-7491 Trondheim Norway

Our study has three objectives. We want to investigate (1) whether choropleth maps linked with parallel coordinates help people understand the locations of vulnerable places and the factors making these places vulnerable, (2) whether sparklines that imitate the polylines from a parallel coordinate plot support the understanding of the information provided in that plot, and (3) whether a multiple-view geovisualization approach might be intuitive and useful also for nonexperts. Although we base our work on the functionalities available in the tool called 'ViewExposed,' we intend to outline more general conclusions on whether multiple linked views facilitate the understanding of multivariate spatial characteristics. An empirical study with 53 individuals was conducted to obtain insights on these objectives. Our task-based assessment considered the ways in which participants understood the dynamic linking capabilities. Some of the key findings are as follows: (1) even nonexpert users are able to use parallel coordinates linked with choropleth maps;however, only those with extensive inference-making abilities will do so efficiently;(2) parallel coordinates sparklines work as an independent component facilitating the understanding of multivariate data;and (3) the intuitive nature of a multiple-view geovisualization tool is not enough to encourage people to use it.

关键词： sparklines choropleth map geographic visualization interactive cartography parallel coordinate plot

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