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An immune oriented multi-agent system for biological image processing

PATTERN RECOGNITION 2004年第4期37卷 631-645页

作者： Rodin, V Benzinou, A Guillaud, A Ballet, P Harrouet, F Tisseau, J Le Bihan, J Technopole Brest Iroise Ecole Natl Ingn Brest F-29238 Brest 3 France

In this article, we present a parallel image processing system based on the concept of reactive agents. Our system lies in the oRis language, which allows to describe finely and simply the agents' behaviors to detect image features. We also present a method of segmentation using a multi-agent system, and two biological applications made with oRis. The stopping of this multi-agent system is implemented through a technique issued from immunology: the apoptosis. (C) 2003 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： artificial immune systems multi-agent language multi-agent system parallel image processing spots detection striae detection

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POLYGONAL-APPROXIMATION USING A COMPETITIVE HOPFIELD NEURAL-NETWORK

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PATTERN RECOGNITION 1994年第11期27卷 1505-1512页

作者： CHUNG, PC TSAI, CT CHEN, EL SUN, YN NATL CHENG KUNG UNIV DEPT ELECT ENGNTAINAN 70101TAIWAN NATL CHENG KUNG UNIV INST INFORM ENGNTAINAN 70101TAIWAN

Polygonal approximation plays an important role in pattern recognition and computer vision. In this paper, a parallel method using a Competitive Hopfield Neural Network (CHNN) is proposed for polygonal approximation. Based on the CHNN, the polygonal approximation is regarded as a minimization of a criterion function which is defined as the arc-to-chord deviation between the curve and the polygon. The CHNN differs from the original Hopfield network in that a competitive winner-take-all mechanism is imposed. The winner-take-all mechanism adeptly precludes the necessity of determining the values for the weighting factors in the energy function in maintaining a feasible result. The proposed method is compared to several existing methods by the approximation error norms L2 and L(infinity) with the result that promising approximation polygons are obtained.

关键词： POLYGONAL APPROXIMATION COMPETITIVE HOPFIELD NEURAL NETWORK HOPFIELD NETWORK WINNER-TAKE-ALL parallel image processing

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Embedding Cartesian products of graphs into de Bruijn graphs

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JOURNAL OF parallel AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING 1997年第2期46卷 194-200页

作者： Andreae, T Nolle, M Schreihber, G Univ Hamburg Math Seminar D-20146 Hamburg Germany Univ Vienna Inst Softwaretech & Parallele Syst A-1090 Vienna Austria Tech Univ Hamburg Harburg D-21071 Hamburg Germany

Given a Cartesian product G = G(l) x ... x G(m)(m greater than or equal to 2) of nontrivial connected graphs Gi and the n-dimensional base B de Bruijn graph D = D-B(n), it is investigated whether or not G is a spanning subgraph of D. Special attention is given to graphs G(l) x ... x G(m) which are relevant for parallel computing, namely, to Cartesian products of paths (grids) or cycles (tori), For 2-dimensional de Bruijn graphs D, we present a theorem stating that certain structural assumptions on the factors G(l), ..., G(m) ensure that G(l) x ... x G(m) is a spanning subgraph of D. As corollaries, we obtain results improving previous results of Heydemann et al. (J. parallel Distrib. Compat. 23 (1994), 104-111) on embedding grids and tori into de Bruijn graphs. Specifically, we obtain that (i) any grid G = G(l) x ... x G(m) is a spanning subgraph of D = D-B(2) provided that \G\ = \D\, and (ii) any torus G = G(l) x ... x G(m) is a spanning subgraph of D = D-B(2) provided that \G\ = \D\ and that the G(l) are cycles of even length greater than or equal to 4. We show that these results have consequences for the case a >2, too: for even n, we apply our results to obtain embeddings of grids and tori G into de Bruijn graphs D-B(n) with dilation n/2, where the base B is a fixed integer greater than or equal to 2, and n is big enough to ensure \G\ less than or equal to \D-B(n)\. We also contrast our results for n = 2 with nonexistence results for n greater than or equal to 3 and briefly describe experimental results in the area of parallel image processing. (C) 1997 Academic Press.

关键词： de Bruijn graphs Cartesian product grids tori graph embeddings dilation processor networks parallel image processing massively parallel computers

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Bio-Microfluidics Real-Time Monitoring Using CNN Technology

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2008年第2期2卷 78-87页

作者： Sapuppo, Francesca Intaglietta, Marcos Bucolo, Maide Univ Catania Dept Elect Elect & Syst Engn Catania Italy Univ Calif San Diego Dept Bioengn La Jolla CA 92093 USA

A new non-invasive real-time system for the monitoring and control of microfluidodynamic phenomena involving transport of particles and two phase fluids is proposed. The general purpose design of such system is suitable for in vitro and in vivo experimental setup and, therefore, for microfluidic applications in the biomedical field, such as lab-on-chip and for research studies in the field of microcirculation. The system consists of an ad hoc optical setup for image magnification providing images suitable for acquisition and processing. The main feature of the optical system is the accessibility of the information at any point of the optical path. It was designed and developed using discrete opto-mechanic components mounted on a breadboard. The optical sensing, acquisition, and processing were all performed using an integrated vision system based on cellular nonlinear networks (CNNs) analogic (analog plus logic) technology called Focal Plane Processor (FPP, Eye-RIS, Anafocus) that was inserted in the optical path. Ad hoc algorithms were implemented for the real-time analysis and extraction of fluidodynamic parameters in micro-channels. They were firstly tested on sequences of images recorded during in vivo microcirculation experiments on hamsters and then applied on images acquired and processed in real-time during in vitro experiments on two-phase fluid flow in a continuous microfluidic device (serpentine mixer, ThinXXS).

关键词： Microcirculation morphology parallel image processing particle transport two-phase flow

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A fully parallel CMOS analog median filter

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS 2004年第3期51卷 116-123页

作者： Díaz-Sánchez, A Ramírez-Angulo, J Lopez-Martin, A Sánchez-Sinencio, E Natl Inst Astrophys Opt & Elect Dept Elect Puebla 72840 Mexico New Mexico State Univ Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn Las Cruces NM 88003 USA Publ Univ Navarra Dept Elect & Elect Engn E-31006 Pamplona Spain Texas A&M Univ Dept Elect Engn College Stn TX 77843 USA

A fully integrated CMOS implementation of a continuous-time analog median filter is presented. The median filter uses two compact analog circuits as building blocks to implement the variable delay and median detection. Median detectors are based on current saturating transconductance comparators, while the time delay is implemented using first-order all-pass filters. Both circuits allow modular expansion for the implementation of large median filter array processors. Based on these blocks, a new fast technique for parallel image processing is presented. It is shown that an image of 91 x 80 pixels can be processed in less than 8 mus using an array of median filter cells. Experimental results of a test chip prototype in 2-mum CMOS MOSIS technology are presented.

关键词： analog delay cells analog median filter CMOS analog circuits parallel image processing transconductance comparators

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A 100 dB dynamic-range CMOS vision sensor with programmable image processing and global feature extraction

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 2007年第3期42卷 647-657页

作者： Massari, Nicola Gottardi, Massimo Ctr Ric Sci & Tecnol I-38050 Trento Italy

A 128 x 64 pixel programmable vision sensor performs real-time analog image processing over high dynamic range images is reported. The pixel-parallel single instruction multiple data (SIMD) architecture executes real-time spatio-temporal filtering with 2.8 GopS/mm(2) and large flexibility in coefficient assignment. The sensor uses time-based and pulse-based operating modalities to execute spatio-temporal filtering on images with dynamic range up to about 100 dB. The in-pixel processing is based on two operations: the absolute value of voltage difference and accumulation of partial results. Feature extraction from the entire image is also possible without the need for image dispatching, thus optimizing both processing speed and video bandwidth. The 32.6 mu m square pixel, with a fill-factor of 24%, consists of two analog memories and 28 transistors. The sensor, fabricated in 0.35 mu m CMOS technology, gives a fixed pattern noise (FPN) of 0.8% and power consumption of 14 mW at 3.3 V.

关键词： active pixel sensors analog processing circuits CMOS vision sensors parallel image processing

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High-speed data position detection method using template matching for hologram memory

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JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS 2004年第7A期43卷 4216-4220页

作者： Motoyama, T Sugiyama, Y Ooue, N Yamamoto, M Endo, M Tanabe, T Sci Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Ind Sci & Technol Noda Chiba 2788510 Japan NTT Corp NTT Cyber Space Labs Musashino Tokyo 1808585 Japan

Two-dimensional digital image reproduction in a hologram memory causes incorrect decoding due to image distortion. In order to correct image distortion, the position coordinates of the four corners of the reproduced image are detected by template matching. However, much position detection processing time is required in this signal processing method. In this study, after having used both parallel processing that combines the marker-dividing approach and marker detection image-dividing approach in the hardware detecting process, and the redundant calculation elimination method and brightness totaling method in the software detection process, it is clarified that an increase in the speed of 260-fold could be obtained as compared with the conventional template matching process.

关键词： hologram memory template matching image processing parallel image processing vhdl

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DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME COMPUTATION OF THE POINT OF GAZE

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COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS 2014年第4期33卷 735-756页

作者： Garcia Dopico, Antonio Pedraza, Jose L. Luisa Cordoba, M. Sanchez, Francisco M. Perez, Antonio Univ Politecn Madrid Fac Informat Dept Arguitectura & Tecnol Sistemas Informat E-28660 Madrid Spain

This paper presents a minimally intrusive real-time gaze-tracking prototype to be used in several scenarios, including a laboratory stall and an in-vehicle system. The system requires specific infrared illumination to allow it to work with variable light conditions. However, it is minimally intrusive due to the use of a carefully configured switched infrared LED array. Although the perceived level of illumination generated by this array is high, it is achieved using low-emision infrared light beams. Accuracy is achieved through a precise estimate of the center of the user's pupil. To overcome inherent time restrictions while using low-cost processors, its main image-processing algorithm has been distributed over four main computing tasks. This structure not only enables good performance, but also simplifies the task of experimenting with alternative computationally-complex algorithms and with alternative tracking models based on locating both user eyes and several cameras to improve user mobility.

关键词： Eye-tracking cluster computing real time distributed applications parallel image processing MPI embedded systems

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OpenCL-based optimization methods for utilizing forward DCT and quantization of image compression on a heterogeneous platform

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JOURNAL OF REAL-TIME image processing 2016年第2期12卷 219-235页

作者： Alqudami, Nasser Kim, Shin-Dug Yonsei Univ Dept Comp Sci Coll Engn 134 Sinchon Dong Seoul 120749 South Korea

Recent computer systems and handheld devices are equipped with high computing capability, such as general purpose GPUs (GPGPU) and multi-core CPUs. Utilizing such resources for computation has become a general trend, making their availability an important issue for the real-time aspect. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) and quantization are two major operations in image compression standards that require complex computations. In this paper, we develop an efficient parallel implementation of the forward DCT and quantization algorithms for JPEG image compression using Open Computing Language (OpenCL). This OpenCL-based parallel implementation utilizes a multi-core CPU and a GPGPU to perform DCT and quantization computations. We demonstrate the capability of this design via two proposed working scenarios. The proposed approach also applies certain optimization techniques to improve the kernel execution time and data movements. We developed an optimal OpenCL kernel for a particular device using device-based optimization factors, such as thread granularity, work-items mapping, workload allocation, and vector-based memory access. We evaluated the performance in a heterogeneous environment, finding that the proposed parallel implementation was able to speed up the execution time of the DCT and quantization by factors of 7.97 and 8.65, respectively, obtained from 1024 x 1024 and 2084 x 2048 image sizes in 4:4:4 format.

关键词： Forward DCT Quantization image compression parallel image processing Heterogeneous computing OpenCL

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A GENERAL-PURPOSE MODEL FOR image OPERATIONS BASED ON MULTILAYER PERCEPTRONS

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PATTERN RECOGNITION 1995年第7期28卷 1083-1090页

作者： MOH, J SHIH, FY NEW JERSEY INST TECHNOL DEPT COMP & INFORMAT SCINEWARKNJ 07102

In this paper, we investigate the use of multilayer perceptrons with recurrent connections as the general purpose modules for image processing in parallel architectures. The networks are trained to carry out classification rules in image transformation. The training patterns can be derived from user-defined transformations or from loading the pair of a sample image and its target image when the prior knowledge of transformations is unknown. Applications of our model include image smoothing, enhancement, edge detection, noise removal, morphological operations, image filtering, etc. With a number of stages stacked up together we are able to apply a series of operations on the image. That means, by providing various sets of training patterns the system can adapt itself to the concatenated transformation. Besides, recurrent connections from output of the last stage to input of the first stage allow a repeated sequence of operations to be used.

关键词： RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS ERROR BACKPROPAGATION MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY parallel image processing

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