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Equalizer 2.0-Convergence of a parallel rendering Framework

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2020年第2期26卷 1292-1307页

作者： Eilemann, Stefan Steiner, David Pajarola, Renato Univ Zurich Visualizat & MultiMedia Lab Dept Informat CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland

Developing complex, real world graphics applications which leverage multiple GPUs and computers for interactive 3D rendering tasks is a complex task. It requires expertise in distributed systems and parallel rendering in addition to the application domain itself. We present a mature parallel rendering framework which provides a large set of features, algorithms and system integration for a wide range of real-world research and industry applications. Using the $\mathsf{Equalizer}$Equalizer parallel rendering framework, we show how a wide set of generic algorithms can be integrated in the framework to help application scalability and development in many different domains, highlighting how concrete applications benefit from the diverse aspects and use cases of $\mathsf{Equalizer}$Equalizer. We present novel parallel rendering algorithms, powerful abstractions for large visualization setups and virtual reality, as well as new experimental results for parallel rendering and data distribution.

关键词： parallel rendering scalable visualization cluster graphics immersive environments display walls

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A binocular parallel rendering method for VR globes

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第9期13卷 998-1016页

作者： Wumeng Huang Jing Chen Mengyun Zhou State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople’s Republic of China Faculty of Geomatics East China University of TechnologyNanchangPeople’s Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhanPeople’s Republic of China School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhanPeople’s Republic of China

The scene-rendering mechanism based on binocular vision is one of the key techniques for the VR globe to achieve immersion-type visualization of global 3D ***,this special rendering mechanism also requires that the 3D scene is continuously drawn twice within one frame,which significantly affects the rendering efficiency of VR ***,we propose a binocular parallel rendering *** method first improves the current rendering process of VR globes by assigning the rendering tasks for the left and right camera of VR to be processed on different CPU cores,thereby achieving parallel rendering of binocular ***,due to the problem of inconsistent resolution of binocular scenes caused by different viewpoints for the left and right cameras,we propose a resolution synchronize *** algorithm conducts realtime synchronization on the resolution of scene in the rendering process and thus avoids the problem of erroneous binocular stereo ***,we validate the effectiveness of the method in this paper through *** results of experiments indicate that while the method in this paper can ensure the consistency of binocular scene resolution,it can decrease the frame time of VR globes by approximately 27%on average.

关键词： VR globes virtual globes virtual reality binocular vision parallel rendering

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Dynamic load balance strategy for parallel rendering based on deferred shading

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019年第3期18卷 286-293页

作者： Yin, Mingqiang Sun, Dan Sun, Hui Jiangxi Univ Sci & Technol Mech & Elect Engn Inst Ganzhou 341000 Peoples R China WIT Coll Post & Telecommun Publ Dept Wuhan 430073 Hubei Peoples R China

To solve the problem of low efficiency in rendering of large scare scene with complex illumination model, a new deferred shading method is proposed, which is applied to the parallel rendering system. For the deferred shading method, the process of rendering every frame is divided into two phases. The first one called geometrical process is responsible for the visibility detection. In this phase, the primitives are assigned to all rendering nodes evenly and are rendered without illumination. The pixels which should be shaded and their corresponding primitives are found out. The second one called pixel shading is responsible for colouring the pixels which have been found out in the first phase. The pixels are assigned to the rendering nodes evenly according the image of last frame. Experiments show that this method can improve the rendering efficiency of parallel rendering system.

关键词： parallel rendering deferred shading load balance large scare scene

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High Performance Molecular Visualization: In-Situ and parallel rendering with EGL 30

High Performance Molecular Visualization: In-Situ and Parall...

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30th IEEE International parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS)

作者： Stone, John E. Messmer, Peter Sisneros, Robert Schulten, Klaus Univ Illinois Beckman Inst Urbana IL 61801 USA NVIDIA Dev Technol Grp Zurich Switzerland Univ Illinois Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat Urbana IL USA Univ Illinois Dept Phys Urbana IL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509036820

Large scale molecular dynamics simulations produce terabytes of data that is impractical to transfer to remote facilities. It is therefore necessary to perform visualization tasks in-situ as the data are generated, or by running interactive remote visualization sessions and batch analyses co-located with direct access to high performance storage systems. A significant challenge for deploying visualization software within clouds, clusters, and supercomputers involves the operating system software required to initialize and manage graphics acceleration hardware. Recently, it has become possible for applications to use the Embedded-system Graphics Library (EGL) to eliminate the requirement for windowing system software on compute nodes, thereby eliminating a significant obstacle to broader use of high performance visualization applications. We outline the potential benefits of this approach in the context of visualization applications used in the cloud, on commodity clusters, and supercomputers. We discuss the implementation of EGL support in VMD, a widely used molecular visualization application, and we outline benefits of the approach for molecular visualization tasks on petascale computers, clouds, and remote visualization servers. We then provide a brief evaluation of the use of EGL in VMD, with tests using developmental graphics drivers on conventional workstations and on Amazon EC2 G2 GPU-accelerated cloud instance types. We expect that the techniques described here will be of broad benefit to many other visualization applications.

关键词： in-situ visualization remote visualization parallel rendering molecular visualization

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parallel rendering for Legible Illustrative Visualizations of Dense Geometries on Commodity CPUs

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGE AND GRAPHICS 2016年第1期16卷 1650002-1650002页

作者： Cai, Haipeng Univ Notre Dame Dept Comp Sci & Engn Notre Dame IN 46556 USA

This paper presents a parallel visualization technique for illustrative rendering of dense three-dimensional (3D) geometry data sets. Our approach maps the depth information in each geometry onto various visual dimensions of graphical representations, including shape, color, brightness, transparency, and size, to achieve legible display in dense geometry environments where visual clutters often hinder perception and navigation in the visualizations. At the same time, we leverage legacy CPU computing power to overcome performance challenges as a result of the depth-dependent illustrations used for the visual legibility enhancement. This is realized by a novel parallel rendering algorithm we developed particularly for illustrative visualizations of depth-dependent stylized dense geometries at interactive frame rates. While the computation could be performed atop modern GPU devices, we target a parallel visualization framework that enables it to efficiently run on commodity CPUs, which are much more available than GPUs for ordinary users. We evaluated our framework with visualizations of depth-stylized geometries derived from 3D diffusion tensor MRI data, by comparing its efficiency with several other alternative parallelization platforms with respect to the same computations. Results show that our approach can efficiently render highly dense 3D geometry data sets and, thus, it offers not only an alternative and complementary, but also more adoptable, solution to users in contrast to parallel visualization environments that rely on GPUs.

关键词： Illustrative visualization parallel rendering 3D geometry depth-dependent rendering stylized visualization visual legibility

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Multi-Step Image Compositing for Massively parallel rendering

Multi-Step Image Compositing for Massively Parallel Renderin...

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International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS)

作者： Nonaka, Jorji Ono, Kenji Fujita, Masahiro RIKEN AICS Adv Visualizat Res Team Kobe Hyogo Japan Light Transport Entertainment Inc Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479953134

High performance visualization has played an important role in computer-aided scientific discovery and has become an indispensable tool for computational scientists. Sort-last parallel rendering is a proven approach for visual data analytics by extracting meaningful information from huge data sets generated from large scale scientific computing. Image compositing is the last stage of sort-last parallel rendering pipeline and works by combining the images generated by the rendering nodes to generate the final image. Since it requires interprocess communication among the entire nodes, it usually dominates the total cost of the parallel rendering process. In current high-end massively parallel HPC systems, where tens or even hundreds of thousands of nodes can be involved, performance degradation is inevitable even using theoretically scalable image compositing algortithms such as the well-known Binary-Swap method. To minimize this undesirable performance degradation, we propose the multi-step image compositing method, where the image compositing nodes are divided into smaller groups and the entire process is performed in several steps. We evaluated the proposed image compositing method on RIKEN K computer, which is a massively parallel HPC system, and we obtained encouraging results showing the effectiveness of this method in a large-scale image compositing environment. We also foresee a great potential of this method to meet the large-scale image compositing demands brought about by the rapid increase in processor counts of current and next-generation HPC systems.

关键词： parallel image compositing parallel rendering scientific visualization K computer

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Remote parallel rendering for High-Resolution Tiled Display Walls 4

Remote Parallel Rendering for High-Resolution Tiled Display ...

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IEEE Symposium on Large Data Analysis and Visualization

作者： Nachbaur, Daniel Dumusc, Raphael Bilgili, Ahmet Hernando, Juan Eilemann, Stefan Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Blue Brain Project Lausanne Switzerland UPM CeSViMa Helsinki Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781479952151

We present a complete, robust and simple to use hardware and software stack delivering remote parallel rendering of complex geometrical and volumetric models to high resolution tiled display walls in a production environment. We describe the setup and configuration, present preliminary benchmarks showing interactive framerates, and describe our contributions for a seamless integration of all the software components.

关键词： tiled displays interactive remote rendering parallel rendering

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Interactive Multi-GPU Light Field Path Tracing Using Multi-Source Spatial Reprojection 24

Interactive Multi-GPU Light Field Path Tracing Using Multi-S...

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30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST)

作者： Leria, Erwan Makitalo, Markku Jaaskelainen, Pekka Sjostrom, Marten Zhang, Tingting Tampere Univ Tampere Finland Mid Sweden Univ Sundsvall Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798400705359

Path tracing combined with multiview displays enables progress towards achieving ultrarealistic virtual reality. However, multiview displays based on light field technology impose a heavy workload for real-time graphics due to the large number of views to be rendered. In order to achieve low latency performance, computational effort can be reduced by path tracing only some views (source views), and synthesizing the remaining views (target views) through spatial reprojection, which reuses path traced pixels from source views to target views. Deciding the number of source views with respect to the computational resources is not trivial, since spatial reprojection introduces dependencies in the otherwise trivially parallel rendering pipeline and path tracing multiple source views increases the computation time. In this paper, we demonstrate how to reach near-perfect linear multi-GPU scalability through a coarse-grained distribution of the light field path tracing workload. Our multi-source method path traces a single source view per GPU, which helps decreasing the number of dependencies. Reducing dependencies reduces the overhead of image transfers and G-Buffers rasterization used for spatial reprojection. In a node of 4x RTX A6000 GPUs, given 4 source views, we reach a light field rendering frequency of 3-19 Hz, which corresponds to interactive rate. On four test scenes, we outperform state-of-the-art multi-GPU light field path tracing pipelines, achieving a speedup of 1.65x up to 4.63x for 1D light fields of dimension 100 x 1, each view having a resolution of 768 x 432, and 1.51x up to 3.39x for 2D stereo near-eye light fields of size 12 x 6 (left eye: 6 x 6 views and right eye: 6 x 6 views), 1024 x 1024 per view.

关键词： parallel rendering Dependencies View Synthesis Multiview

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parallel rendering Mechanism for Graphics Programming on Multicore Processors

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID AND HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING 2013年第1期5卷 82-94页

作者： Chickerur, Satyadhyan Dalal, Shobhit Sharma, Supreeth BV Bhoomaraddi Coll Engn & Technol Dept Informat Sci & Engn Hubli Karnataka India HealthAsyst Pvt Ltd Bangalore Karnataka India Akamai Technol Bangalore Karnataka India

The present day technological advancement has resulted in multiple core processors coming into desktops, handhelds, servers and workstations. This is because the present day applications and users demand huge computing power and interactivity. Both of these reasons have resulted in a total design shift in the way the processors are designed and developed. However the change in the hardware has not been accompanied with the change in the way the software has to be written for these multicore processors. In this paper, we intend to provide the integration of OpenGL programs on a platform which supports multicore processors. The paper would result in clear understanding how graphics pipelines can be implemented on multi-core processors to achieve higher computational speeds up with highest thread granularity. The impacts of using too much parallelism are also discussed. An OpenMP API for the thread scheduling of parallel task is discussed in this paper. The tool Intel VTune Performance Analyzer is used to find the hotspots and for software optimization. Comparing both the serial and parallel execution of graphics code shows encouraging results and it has been found that the increase in frame rate has resulted due to parallel programming techniques.

关键词： Multicore Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) parallel Programming parallel rendering

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Hidden Interfaces for Ambient Computing: Enabling Interaction in Everyday Materials through High-brightness Visuals on Low-cost Matrix Displays 22

Hidden Interfaces for Ambient Computing: Enabling Interactio...

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Olwal, Alex Dementyev, Artem Google Res Mountain View CA 94043 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450391573

Consumer electronics are increasingly using everyday materials to blend into home environments, often using LEDs or symbol displays under textile meshes. Our surveys (n=1499 and n=1501) show interest in interactive graphical displays for hidden interfaces - however, covering such displays significantly limits brightness, material possibilities and legibility. To overcome these limitations, we leverage parallel rendering to enable ultrabright graphics that can pass through everyday materials. We unlock expressive hidden interfaces using rectilinear graphics on low-cost, mass-produced passive-matrix OLED displays. A technical evaluation across materials, shapes and display techniques, suggests 3.6-40X brightness increase compared to more complex active-matrix OLEDs. We present interactive prototypes that blend into wood, textile, plastic and mirrored surfaces. Survey feedback (n=1572) on our prototypes suggests that smart mirrors are particularly desirable. A lab evaluation (n=11) reinforced these findings and allowed us to also characterize performance from hands-on interaction with different content, materials and under varying lighting conditions.

关键词： hidden interfaces parallel rendering rectilinear passive-matrix OLED calm computing ubiquitous computing ambient computing

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