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An image processing application for liver tumour segmentation

An image processing application for liver tumour segmentatio...

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Bioengineering (ENBENG), Portuguese Meeting in

作者： Pedro Rodrigues João L. Vilaça Jaime Fonseca Life and Health Sciences Research Institute School of Health Sciences Minho University Braga Portugal IPCA Campus do IPCA Barcelos Portugal Industrial Electronics Department Minho University Guimarães Portugal

Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Consequently, the development of accurate and reliable segmentation techniques is indispensable for tumour volume measurement and staging analysis. An interactive algorithm for liver tumour segmentation was developed, allowing the user to quickly paint the object of interest in the image using an intelligent paintbrush. This technique was based on an image partitioning into homogeneous primitives regions by applying a pseudo-watershed algorithm on an image gradient magnitude. Outcome of this initial segmentation was the input of an efficient region merging process to find the best image partitioning, based on the minimum description length principle. The algorithm was evaluated on Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) data using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) as a statistical validation metric. This led to a DCS mean scores of 87% and 84% on the CT and MR studies, respectively.

关键词： Image segmentation Tumors Computed tomography Liver Merging partitioning algorithms Noise

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Communication architectures for system-on-chip

Communication architectures for system-on-chip

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Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (SBCCI)

作者： M.E. Kreutz L. Carro C.A. Zeferino A.A. Susin Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

The analysis of the communication architecture and its associated synthesis process has grown in importance in the era of System-On-Chip (SoC) devices, since one is moving towards more complex systems, made by several processing elements (cores), with heterogeneous behavior. In many cases, the choice for a communication architecture can be the most crucial factor to meet design constraints. This goal of this work is to define and implement algorithms devoted to analyzing and selecting those communication architectures that better match the user defined system constraints, in an integrated design environment.

关键词： System-on-a-chip Object oriented modeling Algorithm design and analysis Application software Hardware Computer architecture partitioning algorithms Communication system software High level languages Specification languages

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Faster and better global placement by a new transportation algorithm

Faster and better global placement by a new transportation a...

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Design Automation Conference

作者： U. Brenner M. Struzyna Research Institute for Discrete Mathematics University of Bonn Germany

We present BonnPlace, a new VLSI placement algorithm that combines the advantages of analytical and partitioning-based placers. Based on (non-disjoint) placements minimizing the total quadratic netlength, we partition the chip area into regions and assign the circuits to them (meeting capacity constraints) such that the placement is changed as little as possible. The core routine of our placer is a new algorithm for the transportation problem that allows to compute efficiently the circuit assignments to the regions. We test our algorithm on a set of industrial designs with up to 3.6 millions of movable objects and two sets of artificial benchmarks showing that it produces excellent results. In terms of wirelength, we can improve the results of leading-edge placement tools by about 5%.

关键词： Transportation Circuits partitioning algorithms Algorithm design and analysis Very large scale integration Quadratic programming Mathematics Routing Permission Costs

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Critical quantization decisions in transform coding and blocking artifacts

Critical quantization decisions in transform coding and bloc...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： S.H. Oguz T.Q. Nguyen Yen Hen Hu Department of Elec. and Comp. Engr. University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA Department of Elec. and Comp. Engr. Boston University Boston MA USA

In this work, a mechanism contributing to the blocking artifacts of standard block based transform coding schemes is stated and a simple solution is proposed for reducing its effect. The proposed solution can be easily incorporated into the encoding algorithms of existing two dimensional (2-D) discrete cosine transform (DCT) based image and video coding standards (JPEG, MPEG-1 and 2, H-261, H-263) without the need for a modification in their bitstream syntax.

关键词： Quantization Transform coding Discrete cosine transforms Image coding Video coding Pixel Image reconstruction Two dimensional displays partitioning algorithms Frequency

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Allocation Strategies for Disaggregated Memory in HPC Systems

Allocation Strategies for Disaggregated Memory in HPC System...

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International Conference on High Performance Computing

作者： Robin Boëzennec Danilo Carastan-Santos Fanny Dufossé Guillaume Pallez University of Rennes Inria CNRS IRISA Rennes France Univ. Grenoble Alpes Grenoble INP Inria CNRS LIG Grenoble France INRIA Rennes France

ISBN: (数字)9798331509095

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509101

In this work we consider scheduling strategies to deal with disaggregated memory for HPC systems. Disaggregated memory is an implementation of storage management that provides flexibility by giving the option to allocate storage based on system-defined parameters. In this case, we consider a memory hierarchy that allows to partition the memory resources arbitrarily amongst several nodes depending on the need. This memory can be dynamically reconfigured at a cost. We provide algorithms that pre-allocate or reconfigure dynamically the disaggregated memory based on estimated needs. We provide theoretical performance results for these algorithms. An important contribution of our work is that it shows that the system can design allocation algorithms even if user memory estimates are not accurate, and for dynamic memory patterns. These algorithms rely on statistical behavior of applications. We observe the impact on the performance of parameters of interest such as the reconfiguration cost.

关键词： Costs Runtime Heuristic algorithms High performance computing Storage management Memory management Stochastic processes Dynamic scheduling partitioning algorithms Resource management

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Connectionist approach for clustering

Connectionist approach for clustering

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： G.P. Babu M.N. Murty Department of Computer Science and Automation Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

This paper presents a stochastic connectionist approach for cluster analysis. Clustering problem is formulated as a real-parameter function optimization problem and is solved using the proposed approach. As the proposed connectionist approach performs stochastic search, it avoids getting stuck in a local minimum, and guarantees asymptotic convergence to optimal solution. The amenability of connectionist approaches to massive parallelization enables one to obtain linear speedup with available parallel hardware. Several data sets are clustered using the proposed approach and the partitions obtained are (near) optimal in nature. Results pertaining to some important data sets are presented.< >

关键词： partitioning algorithms Clustering algorithms Stochastic processes Clustering methods Computer science Automation Hardware Data analysis Image segmentation Image databases

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Implementation of SPIHT and WDR algorithms for Natural and Artificial Images Using Wavelets

Implementation of SPIHT and WDR Algorithms for Natural and A...

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International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN)

作者： Priyanka Singh Priti Singh Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Amity University Gurgaon Haryana India

The objective of this paper is to implement SPIHT and WDR image coder. We have used here two different images Natural and Artificial. Artificial image stand for image on which enhancement techniques have been applied e.g Wallpaper whereas Natural image is an image on which no enhancement technique has been applied e.g image captured by camera directly. SPIHT stands for Set partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) Coding. The SPIHT coder is a highly refined version of the EZW algorithm and is a powerful image compression algorithm that produces an embedded bit stream from which the best reconstructed images in the mean square error sense can be extracted at various bit rates. Some of the best results -- highest PSNR values for given compression ratios for a wide variety of images have been obtained with SPIHT. Hence, it has become the benchmark state-of-the-art algorithm for image compression. One of the defects of SPIHT is that it only implicitly locates the position of significant coefficients. This makes it difficult to perform operations which depend on the position of significant transform values, such as region selection on compressed data. Region selection, also known as region of interest (ROI), means a portion of a compressed image that requires increased resolution. Such compressed data operations are possible with the WDR algorithm of Tian and Wells. The term difference reduction refers to the way in which WDR encodes the locations of significant wavelet transform values. Although WDR will not produce higher PSNR values than SPIHT. With the implementation of these algorithms we have calculated the various parameters e.g. CR, PSNR, BPP & MSE to analyze PQS (picture Quality Scale). We have analyzed our results using various wavelet filters such as Biorthogonal, Coif lets, Daubechies and Symlets etc.

关键词： Image coding partitioning algorithms PSNR Image reconstruction Wavelet transforms Redundancy

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Error sensitivity testing for the MC-EZBC scalable wavelet video coder

Error sensitivity testing for the MC-EZBC scalable wavelet v...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： T. Shanableh T. May Department of Computer Science American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Motorola Laboratories Jays Close Basingstoke Hampshire UK

The paper looks at the error resiliency of the motion-compensated embedded zero block coder (MC-EZBC). The MC-EZBC is gaining momentum as a motion compensated temporal filtering solution. We propose to demultiplex the MC-EZBC bitstream into seven bit categories and examine the effect of bit errors on each bit category. It is shown that different bit categories have different immunity to bit errors. The significance map at quadtree level zero, the motion vectors and the coefficients sign bits are shown to be the most sensitive. These categories exceed 60% of the total bitrate. It is concluded that employing unequal error protection for the motion fields is sufficient. The coding algorithm need not be modified, hence preserving its bitstream embedding and universal scalability feature.

关键词： Testing Forward error correction Protection Computer errors Scalability Streaming media Error correction codes partitioning algorithms Codecs Channel coding

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Enhanced Partitioned Stereo Residual Echo Estimation

Enhanced Partitioned Stereo Residual Echo Estimation

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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers

作者： Stefan Goetze Karl-Dirk Kammeyer Markus Kallinger Alfred Mertins Department of Communications Engineering University of Brethemen Bremen Germany Signal Processing Group Carl von Ossietzky University슠of슠Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany

For convenient hands-free telecommunication systems echo cancelers with a low delay are desirable. Since such systems have to cope with long room impulse responses (RIRs) common echo cancelation techniques often suffer from slow convergence or introduce large delays. An algorithm for acoustic echo cancelation (AEC) has to compensate the influence of RIRs of several thousand sampling points. Thus for frequency domain algorithms long DFT-lengths are needed to cover the whole influence of the RIRs. Approaches in the partitioned frequency domain overcome this drawback. Our contribution describes a combined echo cancelation system in the partitioned frequency domain containing a conventional stereo AEC enhanced by a post-filter which requires a reliable residual echo estimate. This contribution focuses on minimizing the estimation bias introduced by partitioned residual echo estimation. For this purpose an optimal smoothing factor for the residual echo differential system will be derived.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis Microphones Signal processing algorithms Loudspeakers Delay estimation partitioning algorithms Smoothing methods Echo cancellers Acoustic signal processing Convergence

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A grass-root based radio environment data collections in user participation for improving frequency utilization of cognitive radio and heterogeneous networks

A grass-root based radio environment data collections in use...

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International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)

作者： Yun Li The University of Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781479969609

Large-scale radio environment data can provide good reference knowledge for self-organization based wireless networks, such as cognitive radio as well as heterogeneous network. However, it is usually difficult to obtain the data of real spectrum usage due to the constrains of radio monitor capability and cost. In this sense, we believe grass-root based spectrum data collection is important. In this paper, we propose a grass-root based spectrum database architecture by encouraging network users to monitor radio environment data and share it with the database through integrating cognitive radio network as well as heterogeneous network. We apply coalitional game to formulate the cooperation among autonomous network users and design an effective algorithm to improve individual benefit of the users in the game. The details of game property is analyzed, and the algorithm can yield stable partition of coalition for network users, through which each user can obtain improved benefit. Simulations have been performed to demonstrate the advantage of the proposal. The proposed spectrum data collection in user participation is expected to enhance radio frequency optimization for self-organization based wireless networks.

关键词： Games Computer architecture Databases Microprocessors Resource management Data collection partitioning algorithms

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