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Reliable physical-layer network coding Supporting Real Applications

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 2017年第8期16卷 2334-2350页

作者： You, Lizhao Liew, Soung Chang Lu, Lu Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Informat Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Inst Network Coding Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

This paper presents the first reliable physical-layer network coding (PNC) system that supports real TCP/IP applications for the two-way relay network (TWRN). Theoretically, PNC could boost the throughput of TWRN by a factor of 2 compared with traditional scheduling (TS) in the high signal-to-noise (SNR) regime. Although there have been many theoretical studies on PNC performance, there have been relatively few experimental and implementation efforts. Our earlier PNC prototype, built in 2012, was an offline system that processed signals offline. For a system that supports real applications, signals must be processed online in real-time. Our real-time reliable PNC prototype, referred to as RPNC, solves a number of key challenges to enable the support of real TCP/IP applications. The enabling components include: 1) a time-slotted system that achieves mu s-level synchronization for the PNC system;2) reduction of PNC signal processing complexity to meet real-time constraints;3) an ARQ design tailored for PNC to ensure reliable packet delivery;and 4) an interface to the application layer. We took on the challenge to implement all of the above with general-purpose processors in PC through an SDR platform rather than ASIC or FPGA. With all of these components, we have successfully demonstrated image exchange with TCP and two-party video conferencing with UDP over RPNC. Experimental results show that the achieved throughput approaches the PHY-layer data rate at high SNR, demonstrating the high efficiency of the RPNC system.

关键词： network coding physical-layer network coding two-way relay network implementation ARQ TCP/IP

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Phase Asynchronous physical-layer network coding: Decoder Design and Experimental Study

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2017年第4期16卷 2708-2720页

作者： Ullah, Shakeel Salamat Liew, Soung Chang Lu, Lu Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Informat Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Inst Network Coding Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

physical-layer network coding (PNC) channel decoding at the relay is of key importance for good performance in PNC systems. However, PNC channel decoders can have prohibitive computation complexity. Low complexity non-iterative PNC channel decoders are desired in practice. For such PNC decoders, decoding performance may degrade significantly when there is a relative phase offset between the simultaneous signals of multiple nodes received at the relay, particularly when bit-likelihood-based decoding is adopted. In this paper, we thoroughly investigate and numerically quantify the impact of relative phase offset on decoding performance. To maintain good decoding performance under relative phase offset, we introduce and experimentally evaluate symbol-likelihood-based decoding ( in contrast to bit-likelihood-based decoding) for PNC systems. Our experimental results show that symbol-likelihood-based decoding improves the packet throughput over bit-likelihood-based decoding by 100% to 400% at SNR of 15 dBs. Moreover, we study the computational complexity under both these decoding methods. We find that a reduced-complexity decoder with symbol-likelihood-based decoding provides the best performancecomplexity tradeoff for practical PNC systems.

关键词： physical-layer network coding two-way relay channel symbol-level and bit-level decoding non-iterative decoding reduced-complexity decoder

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Asymmetric Linear physical-layer network coding

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2021年第10期25卷 3214-3218页

作者： Chen, Qiuzhuo Yang, Tao Liu, Rongke Beihang Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

In this letter, we put forth a new asymmetric linear PNC (A-LPNC) scheme for the setup where the users are subject to non-identical power constraints and modulation schemes. For deterministic channel, we show that given any pair of average symbol energies, the effective minimum distance of A-LPNC constellation can be made to be identical to the single-user minimum distance, translated into optimal error probability performance at a medium to high SNR. For fading channel, we show that the optimized network coding coefficients can be found and employed such that the effective minimum distance of A-LPNC is equal to the single-user minimum distance lower bound for integer channel gains. For real-valued channel gains, we present the optimal NC coefficients selection that minimizes the error probability of A-LPNC. These results are verified via simulations.

关键词： Error probability Receivers Modulation Fading channels Signal to noise ratio network coding Uplink physical-layer network coding compute-and-forward modulation distance spectrum

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Transmit Power Optimization for Two-Way Relay Channels With physical-layer network coding

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2015年第2期19卷 151-154页

作者： Kim, Seong Hwan Jung, Bang Chul Sung, Dan Keun McGill Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Montreal PQ H3A 0E9 Canada Gyeongsang Natl Univ Dept Informat & Commun Engn Tongyeong 650160 South Korea Gyeongsang Natl Univ Inst Marine Ind Tongyeong 650160 South Korea Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Taejon 305701 South Korea

In this letter, we consider a two-way relay channel where two source nodes exchange their packets via a half-duplex relay node, which adopts physical-layer network coding (PNC) for exchanging packets in two time slots. Convolutional codes (CCs) are assumed to be applied as a channel code for each packet. The relay node directly decodes the XORed version of packets of two source nodes in the multiple access (MA) phase. We first mathematically analyze a bit error rate (BER) of the MA phase in the PNC with CCs in Rayleigh fading channels. Then, we propose a power allocation (PA) strategy for minimizing the derived BER expression at the relay node. It is shown that the proposed transmit power solution satisfies the following relationship: P-1*/P-2* = root Omega(2)/Omega(1), where P-i* and Omega(i) denote the optimal power of the ith source node and the variance of the channel gains between the ith source node and the relay node. The proposed PA strategy significantly outperforms conventional PA schemes in terms of the BER.

关键词： Two-way relay channel physical-layer network coding convolutional codes BER optimal power allocation

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A Novel Linear physical-layer network coding Scheme for Y-Channel Without Transmitter CSI

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2018年第10期67卷 10049-10053页

作者： Guo, Jiajia Yang, Tao Yuan, Jinhong Zhang, J. Andrew Univ New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia CSIRO Data61 Clayton Vic 3169 Australia Univ Technol Sydney Sydney NSW 2007 Australia

We propose a novel linear physical-layer network coding (NC) scheme for a killing Y-channel without channel state information at transmitters. In this three-user scheme, each user intends to realize a full data exchange with the other two users via a relay. Instead of' directly decoding the users' messages from the received signal, the relay determines NC generator matrices and reconstructs linear NC code-words from its received signals to facilitate the information exchange. We present an explicit solution for NC generator matrices that minimize the NC error probability at high SNRs. We also present and prove an approximation of the NC error probability of the proposed scheme at high SNRs. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme outperforms existing ones, and its performance can be well characterized by the approximation.

关键词： physical-layer network coding Y-channel fading

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Analysis of PAM Mapping for Convolutional-Coded physical-layer network coding

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2022年第6期26卷 1254-1258页

作者： Chen, Pingping Xu, Fangjin Fang, Yi Chen, Feng Wang, Feng Fuzhou Univ Dept Elect Informat Fuzhou 350108 Fujian Peoples R China Guangdong Univ Technol Sch Informat Engn Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China Quanzhou Normal Univ Sch Informat Engn Quanzhou 510006 Peoples R China

In this letter, we investigate iterative decoding for convolutional-coded physical-layer network coding operated with bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM-PNC) over two-way relay channel (TWRC). The superimposed constellation at the relay from two users may not remain the same characteristic as the original modulation at the users. Thus, we first propose a design of mapping for PAM modulations at the users and enable the superimposed constellation of the maximum squared Euclidean weight (MSEW). Then, we analyze the PNC mappings by means of an extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart. The analysis and simulation results show that the proposed mapping can provide a good match to a given outer channel code. In particular, it achieves much better error performance than the conventional semi-Gray and binary-bit mappings at high SNR region for both 8-PAM and 16-PAM modulations.

关键词： Modulation Relays Iterative decoding Decoding Convolutional codes Transfer functions Signal to noise ratio PAM modulation convolutional code physical-layer network coding

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Multiuser Decoding Scheme for K-user Fading Multiple-Access Channel Based on physical-layer network coding

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IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2016年第5期20卷 1046-1049页

作者： Yang, Lei Yang, Tao Xie, Yixuan Yuan, Jinhong An, Jianping Univ New S Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Univ Technol Sydney Global Big Data Technol Ctr 81 Broadway Sydney NSW 2007 Australia Univ New S Wales Dept Engn Kensington NSW 2052 Australia Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

We propose a new practical multiuser decoding scheme based on physical-layer network coding (PNC) for a K-user fading multiple-access channel. In the scheme, the users encode their messages with a same practical channel code, and the coded and modulated signals are transmitted simultaneously. The receiver first reconstructs K linear functions of the K users' messages based on PNC. Then all messages are recovered by solving the K linear equations. Compared to the well-known iterative detection and decoding schemes, we show by numerical results that the proposed scheme achieves near interference-free bound performance without utilizing receiver iterations.

关键词： Multiple-access channel multiuser decoding physical-layer network coding iterative detection and decoding

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Protocol Sequences for Asynchronous Multiple Access With physical-layer network coding

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IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2019年第4期8卷 980-983页

作者： Zhang, Yijin Lo, Yuan-Hsun Lu, Lu Shu, Feng Wong, Wing Shing Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect & Opt Engn Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu Peoples R China Xidian Univ State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xian 710071 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xiamen Univ Sch Math Sci Xiamen 361005 Fujian Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Technol & Engn Ctr Space Utilizat Key Lab Space Utilizat Beijing 100094 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Informat Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China

This letter proposes a new feedback-free solution that can put collisions to good use for decoding among asynchronous transmitters. Our key idea is to jointly exploit physical-layer network coding that allows a receiver to extract the bitwise XOR information out of time-overlapping signals, and a protocol-sequence-based scheme that allows each transmitter to deterministically determine which and when source packets contribute to the transmitted signal. In the application of group-based event detection, our design enables all source packets from asynchronous transmitters to be decoded within a quite short time duration. Simulation results show that our design, with low energy consumption, outperforms both conventional and state-of-the-art schemes in terms of the worst-case detecting delay.

关键词： Protocol sequences physical-layer network coding asynchronous multiple access

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MSK Modulation for physical-layer network coding Systems

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2014年第10期E97A卷 2086-2089页

作者： Sha, Nan Gao, Yuanyuan Yi, Xiaoxin Jian, Wei Yang, Weiwei PLA Univ Sci & Technol Coll Commun Engn Nanjing 210007 Jiangsu Peoples R China

In this letter, we combine minimum-shift keying (MSK) with physical-layer network coding (PNC) to form a new scheme, i.e.. MSK-PNC, for two-way relay channels (TWRCs). The signal detection of the MSK-PNC scheme is investigated, and two detection methods are proposed. The first one is orthogonal demodulation and mapping (ODM), and the second one is two-state differential detection (TSDD). The error performance of the proposed MSK-PNC scheme is evaluated through simulations.

关键词： physical-layer network coding minimum-shift keying two-way relay channel multiple access

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Bandwidth-Efficient Coded Modulation Schemes for physical-layer network coding with High-Order Modulations

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2017年第1期65卷 147-160页

作者： Chen, Pingping Liew, Soung Chang Shi, Long Fuzhou Univ Dept Elect Informat Fuzhou 350108 Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Inst Network Coding Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Elect & Informat Engn Nanjing 211106 Jiangsu Peoples R China

This paper presents several soft decision iterative decoding schemes for physical-layer network coding (PNC) operated with coded modulation (CM) and bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM). With respect to PNC operated with CM, we consider network coding-based channel decoding (NC-CD) and multi-user complete decoding (MUD-NC) for PNC decoding at the relay. Their BICM counterparts are XOR-based channel decoding (XOR-CD) and MUD-XOR, respectively. First, we show that, when the decoding is non-iterative, there is a gap between the BICM capacities of both XOR-CD and MUD-XOR under Gray mapping and the capacities of their CM counterparts, NC-CD, and MUD-NC. This is in contrast to the conventional point-to-point communication system, for which the BICM capacity with Gray mapping is known to be very close to the CM capacity, without the need for iterative decoding. Second, we investigate the error performance of iteratively decoded BICM XOR-CD and MUD-XOR. Extrinsic information transfer chart analysis and simulation results indicate that for these Graymapped BICM PNC systems, iterative decoding can achieve considerable gains over non-iterative decoding. Again, this is in contrast to the Gray-mapped BICM point-to-point communication system, for which iterative decoding provides little gain over non-iterative decoding. We further show that Gray mapping gives rise to best PNC rate for MUD-XOR and XOR-CD systems among several bits-to-symbol mappings under study. Overall, our results indicate that BICM PNC systems exhibit different decoding behavior from conventional BICM point-to-point systems. This paper serves as a first foray into the investigation of this issue.

关键词： physical-layer network coding multi-user complete decoding bit-interleaved coded modulation channel decoding

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