This paper concerns with efficient communication over Gaussian and fading multiple-access channels (MACs). Existing orthogonal multiple-access (OMA) and power-domain nonorthogonal-OMA (NOMA) cannot achieve all rate-tu...
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This paper concerns with efficient communication over Gaussian and fading multiple-access channels (MACs). Existing orthogonal multiple-access (OMA) and power-domain nonorthogonal-OMA (NOMA) cannot achieve all rate-tuples in the MAC capacity region. Meanwhile, code-domain NOMA schemes usually require big-loop receiver-iterations for multiuser decoding, which is subject to high implementation cost and latency. This paper studies a linear physical-layer network coding multiple access (LPNC-MA) scheme that is capable of achieving any rate-tuples in the MAC capacity region without receiver iterations. For deterministic Gaussian MACs with M users, we propose to utilize q-ary irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) codes over finite integer fields/rings and q-ary pulse amplitude modulation (q-PAM) as the underlying coded-modulation. The receiver sequentially computes M network coded (NC) messages of the M users. All users' messages are then recovered by solving the computed M NC messages via the inverse of the NC coefficient matrix. A joint nested code construction and extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart based code optimization method is developed, yielding near-capacity performance (within 0.7 and 1.1 dB the capacity limits for two and three users respectively). For fading MAC, we study the symmetric rate of LPNC-MA, and propose a pragmatic method for identifying the mutual information (MI) maximizing networkcoding coefficient matrix. Numerical results demonstrate that the frame error rate (FER) of the optimized LPNC-MA is within a fraction of dB the outage probability of fading MAC capacity. LPNC-MA remarkably outperforms NOMA-SIC and IDMA while avoiding the big-loop receiver iteration.
This paper proposes a new scheme to enhance the secrecy performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based coordinated direct relay transmission (CDRT) systems with an untrusted relay. The physical-layer netwo...
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This paper proposes a new scheme to enhance the secrecy performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based coordinated direct relay transmission (CDRT) systems with an untrusted relay. The physical-layer network coding (PNC) and the NOMA schemes are combined to improve spectrum efficiency. Furthermore, inter-user interference and friendly jamming signals are utilized to suppress the eavesdropping ability of the untrusted relay without compromising the acceptance quality of legitimate users. Specifically, the far user in the first slot and the near user in the second slot act as jammers that generate jamming signals to ensure secure transmissions of confidential messages. We investigate the secrecy performance of the NOMA-based CDRT systems with the PNC scheme and derive the closed-form expression for the ergodic secrecy sum rate. The asymptotic analysis at a high signal-to-noise ratio is performed to obtain more insights. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the proposed scheme's effectiveness and the theoretical analysis's correctness.
This paper investigates the fundamental building blocks of physical-layer network coding (PNC). Most prior work on PNC focused on its application in a simple two-way-relay channel (TWRC) consisting of three nodes only...
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This paper investigates the fundamental building blocks of physical-layer network coding (PNC). Most prior work on PNC focused on its application in a simple two-way-relay channel (TWRC) consisting of three nodes only. Studies of the application of PNC in general networks are relatively few. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap. We put forth two ideas: 1) a general network can be decomposed into small building blocks of PNC, referred to as the PNC atoms, for scheduling of PNC transmissions;and 2) we identify nine PNC atoms, with TWRC being one of them. Three major results are as follows. First, using the decomposition framework, the throughput performance of PNC is shown to be significantly better than those of the traditional multi-hop scheme and the conventional networkcoding scheme. For example, under heavy traffic volume, PNC can achieve 100% throughput gain relative to the traditional multi-hop scheme. Second, PNC decomposition based on a variety of different PNC atoms can yield much better performance than PNC decomposition based on the TWRC atom alone. Third, three out of the nine atoms are most important to good performance. Specifically, the decomposition based on these three atoms is good enough most of the time, and it is not necessary to use the other six atoms.
This paper presents the first implementation of a two-way relay network based on the principle of physical-layer network coding (PNC). To date, only a simplified version of PNC, called analog networkcoding (ANC), has...
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This paper presents the first implementation of a two-way relay network based on the principle of physical-layer network coding (PNC). To date, only a simplified version of PNC, called analog networkcoding (ANC), has been successfully implemented. The advantage of ANC is that it is simple to implement;the disadvantage, on the other hand, is that the relay amplifies the noise along with the signal before forwarding the signal. PNC systems in which the relay performs XOR or other denoising PNC mappings of the received signal have the potential for significantly better performance. However, the implementation of such PNC systems poses many challenges. For example, the relay in a PNC system must be able to deal with symbol and carrier-phase asynchronies of the simultaneous signals received from multiple nodes, and the relay must perform channel estimation before detecting the signals. We investigate a PNC implementation in the frequency domain, referred to as FPNC, to tackle these challenges. FPNC is based on OFDM. In FPNC, XOR mapping is performed on the OFDM samples in each subcarrier rather than on the samples in the time domain. We implement FPNC on the universal soft radio peripheral (USRP) platform. Our implementation requires only moderate modifications of the packet preamble design of 802.11a/g OFDM PHY. With the help of the cyclic prefix (CP) in OFDM, symbol asynchrony and the multi-path fading effects can be dealt with simultaneously in a similar fashion. Our experimental results show that symbol-synchronous and symbol-asynchronous FPNC have essentially the same BER performance, for both channel-coded and non-channel-coded FPNC systems. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
This letter studies lattice-partition-based physicallayernetworkcoding (LNC) over the finite field GF(4), whose quaternary constellation has practical interests. The optimal dither method in terms of energy efficie...
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This letter studies lattice-partition-based physicallayernetworkcoding (LNC) over the finite field GF(4), whose quaternary constellation has practical interests. The optimal dither method in terms of energy efficiency is first derived for LNC over GF(4), and it is shown to save 1/3 average transmission power. Next, LNC design from linear codes over GF(4) is investigated. Explicit connection between parameters of the linear code and of the corresponding LNC is established. The construction method is further extended to design LNCs from linear codes over a general finite field GF(4 m). As design examples, LNCs constructed from convolutional, BCH, and Reed-Solomon codes are presented and analyzed. It is illustrated that these LNCs can provide up to 9.5 dB coding gain.
We focus on a constellation design for adaptive physical-layer network coding strategy in a wireless 2-way relay channel. It is well known that 4QAM constellations require extended-cardinality networkcoding adaptatio...
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We focus on a constellation design for adaptive physical-layer network coding strategy in a wireless 2-way relay channel. It is well known that 4QAM constellations require extended-cardinality networkcoding adaptation to avoid all singular channel parameters at the Multiple-Access (MA) stage. The cardinality extension is undesirable since it introduces redundancy decreasing the data rates at the broadcast stage. In this paper, we target a design of constellations avoiding all the singularities without the cardinality extension. We show that such a constellation is 4-ary constellation taken from hexagonal lattice (4HEX) which keeps comparable error performance at the MA stage as 4QAM, however without the cardinality extension. The similar properties has been found also by unconventional 3HEX and 7HEX constellations.
An inter-ONU-communication (IOC) between different wavelength groups is proposed for next generation PON. The proposed IOC is based on physical-layer network coding (PNC) to provide full-duplex and private communicati...
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An inter-ONU-communication (IOC) between different wavelength groups is proposed for next generation PON. The proposed IOC is based on physical-layer network coding (PNC) to provide full-duplex and private communications. The IOC requires no extra transmitter or receiver. 10-Gb/s error-free communications are experimentally demonstrated. (C) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
This study analyzes the impact of physical-layer network coding (PNC) on the throughput of a large random wireless network, including one-dimensional and two-dimensional networks. Three different transmission scheme...
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This study analyzes the impact of physical-layer network coding (PNC) on the throughput of a large random wireless network, including one-dimensional and two-dimensional networks. Three different transmission schemes, (1) a traditional flow-based scheme, (2) a networkcoding scheme, and (3) the PNC scheme are compared to show that the PNC scheme improves wireless network throughput by a constant factor without changing the scaling law compared to the traditional flow-based and networkcoding schemes. Furthermore, PNC can reduce the effect of interference for the one-dimensional networks, and has a tighter throughput bound for the two-dimensional network.
The full duplex (FD) two-way relay channel (TWRC) has recently been shown to be a feasible way to improve the network throughput in practical communications. In this correspondence, we consider the convolutionally cod...
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The full duplex (FD) two-way relay channel (TWRC) has recently been shown to be a feasible way to improve the network throughput in practical communications. In this correspondence, we consider the convolutionally coded physical-layer network coding over the TWRC in which two sources work in the FD mode and there exists a direct link between them. Every source receives two packets, one packet from the other source and one network coded packet from the relay. A near-maximum-likelihood decoding algorithm for the sources is proposed. A salient feature of the proposed algorithm is that it exploits the code structure to mitigate the error propagation induced by the relay. Furthermore, we derive the near maximum-likelihood decoding bound on end-to-end BER for the system. Simulation results indicate that the performance of the proposed algorithm matches well the bound.
Visible light communications (VLC) is a good candidate technology for the 6th generation (6G) wireless communications. Red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based VLC has become an important research...
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Visible light communications (VLC) is a good candidate technology for the 6th generation (6G) wireless communications. Red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based VLC has become an important research branch due to its low price and high reliability. However, the saturation of photodiode (PD) caused by the ambient background light may seriously degrade the bit error rate (BER) performance of an RGB-VLC system's three spatially uncoupled information streams (i.e., red, green, and blue LEDs can transmit different data packets simultaneously) in practical applications. To mitigate the ambient light interference in point-to-point RGB-VLC systems, we propose, PNC-VLC, a network-coded scheme that uses two LEDs with the same color at the transmitter to transmit two different data streams and we make use of the naturally overlapped signals at the receiver to formulate physical-layer network coding (PNC). The adaptivity of PNC-VLC could effectively improve the BER degradation problem caused by the saturation of PD under the influence of ambient light. We conducted simulations based on the parameters of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products to prove the superiority of the PNC-VLC under the influence of four typical illuminants. Simulation results show that the PNC-VLC system can maintain a better and more stable system BER performance under different ambient background light conditions. Remarkably, with 2/3 throughput efficiency, PNC-VLC can bring 133.3% gain to the BER performance when compared with RGB-VLC under the Illuminant A interference model, making it a good option for VLC applications with unpredictable ambient background interferences.
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