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IEEE 4th International Workshops on Foundations and Applications of Self* Systems (FAS*W)

作者： Niess, Michael Hamann, Heiko Univ Lubeck Inst Comp Engn Lubeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728124063

The automatic generation of robot controllers by machine learning or evolutionary computation is still challenging and even more so for collective robotics. We follow the recently proposed paradigm of 'population coding' to compose robot swarms for collective construction. We define a controller template as finite state machine, enumerate a finite number of specified robot controller types to choose from, and use evolutionary robotics to evolve effective homogeneous and heterogeneous compositions of robot swarms using selections of these controllers. Besides an objective for solving the actual construction task we also add objectives for subtasks, and to minimize the number of different chosen robot types. For three variants of a collective construction task we find effective solutions with both homogeneous and heterogeneous swarms.

关键词： swarm robotics population coding heterogeneous swarm self-assembly

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Nonuniform magnetic domain-wall synapses enabled by population coding

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NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2023年第3期25卷 033031页

作者： Qiao, Ya Zhang, Yajun Yuan, Zhe Beijing Normal Univ Ctr Adv Quantum Studies Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ Dept Phys Beijing 100875 Peoples R China

Traditional artificial intelligence implemented in software is usually executed on accurate digital computers. Nevertheless, the nanoscale devices for the implementation of neuromorphic computing may not be ideally identical, and the performance is reduced by nonuniform devices. In biological brains, information is usually encoded by a cluster of neurons such that the variability of nerve cells does not influence the accuracy of human cognition and movement. Here, we introduce the population encoding strategy in neuromorphic computing and demonstrate that this strategy can overcome the problems caused by nonuniform devices. Using magnetic memristor device based on current-induced domain-wall motion as an example, we show that imperfect storage devices can be applied in a hardware network to perform principal component analysis (PCA), and the accuracy of unsupervised classification is comparable to that of conventional PCA using ideally accurate synaptic weights. Our results pave the way for hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing and lower the criteria for the uniformity of nanoscale devices.

关键词： neuromorphic computing magnetic domain walls spin-transfer torque population coding

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Serotonin increases population coding of behaviorally relevant stimuli by enhancing responses of ON but not OFF-type sensory neurons

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HELIYON 2023年第7期9卷 e18315页

作者： Marquez, Mariana M. Chacron, Maurice J. McGill Univ Dept Physiol Montreal PQ Canada

How neural populations encode sensory input to generate behavioral responses remains a central problem in systems neuroscience. Here we investigated how neuromodulation influences population coding of behaviorally relevant stimuli to give rise to behavior in the electrosensory system of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. We performed multi-unit recordings from ON and OFF sensory pyramidal cells in response to stimuli whose amplitude (i.e., envelope) varied in time, before and after electrical stimulation of the raphe nuclei. Overall, raphe stimulation increased population coding by ON- but not by OFF-type cells, despite both cell types showing similar sensitivities to the stimulus at the single neuron level. Surprisingly, only changes in population coding by ON-type cells were correlated with changes in behavioral responses. Taken together, our results show that neuromodulation differentially affects ON vs. OFF-type cells in order to enhance perception of behaviorally relevant sensory input.

关键词： Weakly electric fish population coding Neuroethology Serotonin Neuromodulation

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Disrupted population coding in the prefrontal cortex underlies pain aversion

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CELL REPORTS 2021年第6期37卷 109978-109978页

作者： Li, Anna Liu, Yaling Zhang, Qiaosheng Friesner, Isabel Jee, Hyun Jung Chen, Zhe Sage Wang, Jing NYU Dept Anesthesiol Perioperat Care & Pain Med Grossman Sch Med New York NY 10013 USA New York Univ Langone Hlth Interdisciplinary Pain Res Program New York NY 10013 USA NYU Sch Med Dept Neurosci & Physiol New York NY 10013 USA NYU Sch Med Dept Psychiat New York NY USA NYU Sch Med Neurosci Inst New York NY 10013 USA

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) regulates a wide range of sensory experiences. Chronic pain is known to impair normal neural response, leading to enhanced aversion. However, it remains unknown how nociceptive responses in the cortex are processed at the population level and whether such processes are disrupted by chronic pain. Using in vivo endoscopic calcium imaging, we identify increased population activity in response to noxious stimuli and stable patterns of functional connectivity among neurons in the prelimbic (PL) PFC from freely behaving rats. Inflammatory pain disrupts functional connectivity of PFC neurons and reduces the overall nociceptive response. Interestingly, ketamine, a well-known neuromodulator, restores the functional connectivity among PL-PFC neurons in the inflammatory pain model to produce anti-aversive effects. These results suggest a dynamic resource allocation mechanism in the prefrontal representations of pain and indicate that population activity in the PFC critically regulates pain and serves as an important therapeutic target.

关键词： ketamine inflammatory pain PFC prefrontal cortex prelimbic aversion pain acute pain population coding neural code

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A population-coding model of attention's influence on contrast response: Estimating neural effects from psychophysical data

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VISION RESEARCH 2009年第10期49卷 1144-1153页

作者： Pestilli, Franco Ling, Sam Carrasco, Marisa Columbia Univ Dept Neurosci New York NY 10032 USA NYU Dept Psychol New York NY 10003 USA NYU Ctr Neural Sci New York NY 10003 USA Vanderbilt Univ Nashville TN USA

Human psychophysics;and monkey physiology studies have shown that attention modulates early vision - contrast sensitivity and processing. But how can we bridge the effects of attention on perceptual performance to their neural underpinnings? Here we implement a population-coding model that estimates attentional effects on population contrast response given psychophysical data. Model results show that whereas endogenous (sustained, voluntary) attention changes population contrast-response via contrast gain, exogenous (transient, involuntary) attention changes population contrast-response via response gain. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Attention Pshychophysics Contrast gain Response gain population coding Attention model

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Local contour features contribute to figure-ground segregation in monkey V4 neural populations and human perception

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NEURAL NETWORKS 2025年 181卷 106821页

作者： Shishikura, Motofumi Machida, Itsuki Tamura, Hiroshi Sakai, Ko Univ Tsukuba Dept Comp Sci 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Japan Osaka Univ Grad Sch Frontier Biosci Suita Japan Ctr Informat & Neural Networks Suita Osaka Japan

Figure-ground (FG) segregation is a crucial step towards the recognition of objects in natural scenes. Gestalt psychologists have emphasized the importance of contour features in perception of FG. Recent electrophysiological studies have identified a neural population in V4 that shows FG-dependent modulation (FG neurons). However, whether the contour features contribute to the modulation of the response patterns of the neural population remains unclear. In the present study, we quantified the contour features associated with Gestalt factors in local natural stimuli and examined whether salient contour-features evoked reliable perceptual and neural responses by analyzing response consistency (stability) across trials. The results showed the tendency that the more salient contour-features evoked the greater consistencies in the perceptual FG judgments and population-based neural responses in FG determination;a greater partial correlation for curvature and weaker correlations for closure and parallelism. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that the perceptual consistency depended similarly on curvature and closure, and the neural consistency depended significantly on curvature but weakly on closure. We further observed a strong correlation between the consistencies in the perceptual and neural responses, i.e., stimuli that evoked more stable percepts tended to evoke more stable neural responses. These results indicate that local contour-features modulate the responses of the neural population in V4 and contribute to the perception of FG organization.

关键词： Figure-ground segregation population coding Gestalt factors Visual perception

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Neural coding of categories: information efficiency and optimal population codes

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2008年第1期25卷 169-187页

作者： Bonnasse-Gahot, Laurent Nadal, Jean-Pierre Ecole Hautes Etud Sci Sociales CNRS UMR 8557 CAMS F-75270 Paris 06 France ENS Paris 6 Paris 7 CNRS UMR 8550 Lab Phys Stat F-75231 Paris France

This paper deals with the analytical study of coding a discrete set of categories by a large assembly of neurons. We consider population coding schemes, which can also be seen as instances of exemplar models proposed in the literature to account for phenomena in the psychophysics of categorization. We quantify the coding efficiency by the mutual information between the set of categories and the neural code, and we characterize the properties of the most efficient codes, considering different regimes corresponding essentially to different signal-to-noise ratio. One main outcome is to find that, in a high signal-to-noise ratio limit, the Fisher information at the population level should be the greatest between categories, which is achieved by having many cells with the stimulus-discriminating parts (steepest slope) of their tuning curves placed in the transition regions between categories in stimulus space. We show that these properties are in good agreement with both psychophysical data and with the neurophysiology of the inferotemporal cortex in the monkey, a cortex area known to be specifically involved in classification tasks.

关键词： categorization population coding exemplar models mutual information inferotemporal cortex

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Hierarchical emergence of opponent coding in auditory belt cortex

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2025年第3期133卷 944-964页

作者： Johnson, Jeffrey S. Niwa, Mamiko O'Connor, Kevin N. Malone, Brian J. Sutter, Mitchell L. Univ Calif Davis Ctr Neurosci Davis CA 95616 USA Univ Calif Davis Dept Neurobiol Physiol & Behav Davis CA 95616 USA

We recorded from neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1) and middle-lateral belt area (ML) while rhesus macaques either discriminated amplitude-modulated noise (AM) from unmodulated noise or passively heard the same stimuli. We used several post-hoc pooling models to investigate the ability of auditory cortex to leverage population coding for AM detection. We find that pooled-response AM detection is better in the active condition than the passive condition, and better using rate-based coding than synchrony-based coding. Neurons can be segregated into two classes based on whether they increase (INC) or decrease (DEC) their firing rate in response to increasing modulation depth. In these samples, A1 had relatively fewer DEC neurons (26%) than ML (45%). When responses were pooled without segregating these classes, AM detection using rate-based coding was much better in A1 than in ML, but when pooling only INC neurons, AM detection in ML approached that found in A1. Pooling only DEC neurons resulted in impaired AM detection in both areas. To investigate the role of DEC neurons, we devised two pooling methods that opposed DEC and INC neurons - a direct subtractive method and a two-pool push-pull opponent method. Only the push-pull opponent method resulted in superior AM detection relative to indiscriminate pooling. In the active condition, the opponent method was superior to pooling only INC neurons during the late portion of the response in ML. These results suggest that the increasing prevalence of the DEC response type in ML can be leveraged by appropriate methods to improve AM detection.

关键词： amplitude modulation auditory cortex middle lateral auditory cortex population coding primary auditory cortex

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Optimal coding of a random stimulus by a population of parallel neuron models

Optimal coding of a random stimulus by a population of paral...

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Conference on Noise and Fluctuations in Biological, Biophysical, and Biomedical Systems

作者： McDonnell, Mark D. Stocks, Nigel G. Abbott, Derek Univ Adelaide Ctr Biomed Engn CBME Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Univ Adelaide Sch Elect & Elect Engn Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Univ Warwick Sch Engn Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England

ISBN: (纸本)9780819467393

We examine the question of how a population of independently noisy sensory neurons should be configured to optimize the encoding of a random stimulus into sequences of neural action potentials. For the case where firing rates are the same in all neurons, we consider the problem of optimizing the noise distribution for a known stimulus distribution, and the converse problem of optimizing the stimulus for a given noise distribution. This work is related to suprathreshold stochastic resonance (SSR). It is shown that, for a large number of neurons, the SSR model is equivalent to a single rate-coding neuron with multiplicative output noise.

关键词： neural coding population coding suprathreshold stochastic resonance information theory noisy neurons

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Neural coding: Foundational concepts, statistical formulations, and recent advances

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Neuroscience Research 2025年 214卷 75-80页

作者： Shimazaki, Hideaki of Informatics Kyoto University Japan

Neural coding refers to the processes by which external stimuli are translated into neural activity and represented in a manner that drives behavior. Research in this field aims to elucidate these processes by identifying the neural activity and mechanisms responsible for stimulus recognition and behavioral execution. This article provides a concise review of foundational studies and key concepts in neural coding, along with statistical formulations and recent advances in population coding research enabled by large-scale recordings. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Decoding Encoding Neural coding population coding

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