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Controlling current and voltage type interfaces in power-hardware-in-the-loop simulations

IET power ELECTRONICS 2014年第10期7卷 2618-2627页

作者： Dargahi, Mahdi Ghosh, Arindam Davari, Pooya Ledwich, Gerard Queensland Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia

The usual practice to study a large power system is through digital computer simulation. However, the impact of large scale use of small distributed generators on a power network cannot be evaluated strictly by simulation since many of these components cannot be accurately modelled. Moreover, the network complexity makes the task of practical testing on a physical network nearly impossible. This study discusses the paradigm of interfacing a real-time simulation of a power system to real-life hardware devices. This type of splitting a network into two parts and running a real-time simulation with a physical system in parallel is usually termed as power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation. The hardware part is driven by a voltage source converter that amplifies the signals of the simulator. In this paper, the effects of suitable control strategy on the performance of PHIL and the associated stability aspects are analysed in detail. The analyses are validated through several experimental tests using an real-time digital simulator.

关键词： voltage control electric current control power convertors power distribution control real-time systems power system simulation amplification digital simulation current control voltage type interface control power hardware-in-the-loop simulation power system distributed generator network complexity practical testing physical network real-life hardware devices network splitting PHIL simulation voltage source converter signal amplification real-time digital computer simulation

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A Multi-Time-Step Transmission Line Interface for power hardware-in-the-loop Simulators

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION 2020年第1期35卷 539-548页

作者： Tremblay, Olivier Rimorov, Dmitry Gagnon, Richard Fortin-Blanchette, Handy Hydro Quebecs Res Inst IREQ Power Syst Simulat & Evolut Div Varennes PQ J3X 1S1 Canada Univ Quebec Dept Elect Engn Ecole Technol Super Montreal PQ J3X 1S1 Canada

Developing a general and stable numerical interface for power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) applications is a major challenge. This paper proposes a stable, robust and precise implementation of a multi-time-step interface for a PHIL simulator based on the Bergeron transmission line model (BTLM). Two limitations of the transmission-line-based interface were identified, and remedial strategies were formulated in order to ensure that the interface was compatible with the PHIL application. Stability and passivity analyses were then conducted on the resulting interface to verify its performance. The proposed interface was implemented in an experimental 3-kVA PHIL setup, using a custom-made switching power amplifier (PA). Multiple tests were performed in order to demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the closed-loop system under a wide range of operating conditions and with various devices under test (DUTs). Experimental results were obtained from islanding tests involving different simulated load configurations and solar inverter responses to network disturbance while operating in a closed-loop configuration.

关键词： Impedance power system stability power transmission lines Stability analysis Resistors Testing Mathematical model Bergeron transmission line model digital simulation discrete-time systems energy conversion FPGA interface algorithm modeling power hardware-in-the-loop simulation real-time systems stability analysis

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Cooperative Controls for Pulsed power Load Accommodation in a Shipboard power System

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON power SYSTEMS 2016年第6期31卷 5181-5189页

作者： Im, Won-Sang Wang, Cheng Tan, Liang Liu, Wenxin Liu, Liming Lehigh Univ Bethlehem PA 18015 USA ABB Inc Raleigh NC 27606 USA

To isolate the negative impacts of pulsed power loads (PPL) in a shipboard power system (SPS), energy storage systems (ESS) are usually equipped for online ESS charging and offline ESS discharging for PPL deployment. In order to achieve fast and smooth ESS charging, the generation control and ESS charging control need to be well coordinated. In addition, control constraints, such as generation and charging current bounds and ramp rates, and changes of operating conditions during charging, should also be properly considered. To better solve this important but insufficiently investigated problem, two control algorithms are presented in this paper. The first PI-based control algorithm is designed based on analysis of the desired performance and rules for coordination. The second feedback linearization based control algorithm is designed based on a simplified SPS model and ramp rates difference of supply and demand. The algorithms are simple to implement and can effectively reduce the negative impacts during supercapacitor charging. The algorithms are tested with detailed single-generator and multiple-generator SPS models. power hardware-in-the-loop and real-time digital simulation studies are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

关键词： Cooperative control pulsed power loads power hardware-in-the-loop simulation shipboard power system

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Grid Integration Studies of a Switched Reluctance Generator for Future hardware-in-the-loop Experiments

Grid Integration Studies of a Switched Reluctance Generator ...

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36th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON)/4th IEEE International Conference on E-Learning in Industrial Electronics/IES Industry Forum

作者： Azongha, S. F. Balathandayuthapani, S. Edrington, C. S. Leonard, J. P. Florida State Univ Ctr Adv Power Syst Tallahassee FL 32310 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424452262

This paper investigates the generation capabilities of a switched reluctance machine for possible wind power generation applications. The long-term goal is to conduct power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation using a dSpace-controlled 1kW switched reluctance generator (SRG) available in the lab. In the proposed PHIL simulations, the SRG is controlled to output a constant DC output voltage, which is then fed into a real-time digital simulator (RTDS), amplified, inverted, and integrated with the grid. The inverter and the grid are modeled within the RTDS software platform (RSCAD). Appropriate wind data, also modeled within RTDS is scaled accordingly and fed back into the lab as speed command for the machine. In order to achieve this future goal, a complete simulation study of the system is performed in both Simulink and RSCAD to validate the viability of the proposed method as a precursor to the actual experimental study. This paper presents this study, which includes a mathematical model of the SRG integrated with the grid, and the simulation results.

关键词： PHIL simulation RSCAD RTDS software platform dSpace-controlled SRG inverter invertors machine control power generation control power grids power hardware-in-the-loop simulation power system simulation real-time digital simulator reluctance generators switched reluctance generator switched reluctance machine wind power generation wind power plants

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Test Environment for a Novel Medium Voltage Impedance Measurement Unit 6

Test Environment for a Novel Medium Voltage Impedance Measur...

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IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)

作者： Bogdan, Ferenc Hauer, John Langston, James Schoder, Karl Steurer, Mischa Cvetkovic, Igor Shen, Zhiyu Jaksic, Marko DiMarino, Christina Chen, Fang Boroyevich, Dushan Burgos, Rolando Florida State Univ Ctr Adv Power Syst Tallahassee FL 32310 USA Virginia Tech Ctr Power Elect Syst Blacksburg VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479918577

Small signal stability of converter-based power distribution systems can be evaluated with the help of impedance characterization, which provides a means to predict the effect of interactions. These techniques have great Navy relevance as future ships may be based on medium voltage distribution networks of interconnected feedback-controlled switching power converters. These networks will be subject to converter interactions and potential instability. This paper summarizes work done to prepare full scale testing of the first medium voltage, MW scale impedance measurement unit which was recently developed using SiC technology.

关键词： power system stability impedance measurement power hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Network Reduction Algorithm for Developing Distribution Feeders for Real-time Simulators

Network Reduction Algorithm for Developing Distribution Feed...

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2017 IEEE power & Energy Society General Meeting

作者： Nagarajan, Adarsh Nelson, Austin Prabakar, Kumaraguru Hoke, Andy Asano, Marc Ueda, Reid Nepal, Shaili Natl Renewable Energy Lab Golden CO 80401 USA Hawaiian Elect Co Honolulu HI USA South Dakota State Univ Brookings SD USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538622124

As advanced grid-support functions (AGF) become more widely used in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters, utilities are increasingly interested in their impacts when implemented in the field. These effects can be understood by modeling feeders in real-time simulators and test PV inverters using power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) techniques. This paper presents a novel feeder model reduction algorithm using a ruin & reconstruct methodology that enables large feeders to be solved and operated on real-time computing platforms. Two Hawaiian Electric feeder models in Synergi Electric's load flow software were converted to reduced order models in OpenDSS, and subsequently implemented in the OPAL-RT real-time digital testing platform. Smart PV inverters were added to the real-time model with AGF responses modeled after characterizing commercially available hardware inverters. Finally, hardware inverters were tested in conjunction with the real-time model using PHIL techniques so that the effects of AGFs on the feeders could be analyzed.

关键词： advanced grid-support functions power hardware-in-the-loop simulation network reduction real-time simulator smart PV inverter

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hardware-In-the-loop simulation : hybrid locomotive Energy Storage System behavior tests 12

Hardware-In-the-Loop simulation : hybrid locomotive Energy S...

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12th IEEE Vehicle power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)

作者： Letrouve, Tony Pouget, Julien Chauvet, Frederic SNCF Innovat & Res Dept Paris France SNCF Rolling Stock Engn Ctr Le Mans France

ISBN: (纸本)9781467376372

This paper propose to explore usage of hardware-In-the-loop simulation during development phase of hybrid railway locomotive. Nowadays, new studies are made on-line on a real prototype. The development at the same time of the control, the energy management strategy and particular subsystems behavior seems to be a good opportunity to decrease the cost and time of new research project. The Energetic Macroscopic Representation is used to describe the system in a causal way and to keep the readability of the developed HIL simulation whatever its complexity. An experimental setup has been developed to test this methodology. Experimental results are discussed at the end of this paper to show the good performances of this platform in the development phase.

关键词： hybrid locomotive railway Energetic Macroscopic Representation power hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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hardware-in-the-loop Validation of an Energy Management System for LV Distribution Networks with Renewable Energy Sources

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ENERGIES 2022年第7期15卷 2561-2561页

作者： Kelm, Pawel Wasiak, Irena Mienski, Rozmyslaw Wedzik, Andrzej Szypowski, Michal Pawelek, Ryszard Szaniawski, Krzysztof Lodz Univ Technol Inst Elect Power Engn 20 Stefanowskiego St PL-90537 Lodz Poland Apator SA Wolowa 2c PL-93569 Lodz Poland

This paper presents the use of real-time digital simulator (RTDS) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) methods for the validation of an energy management system designed for real low-voltage (LV) distribution networks with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. The system is used to address voltage violations and current overloading issues and allows the network operator to maintain safe and controllable network operations. The applied control strategy and the system software were verified by means of simulations. In this paper, the next stage of system validation using the HIL method is presented. A testbed was designed and developed to test the operation of prototype controllers of the system in flexible and reproducible conditions before installing them in the network. The presented testing platform not only includes the LV network simulator with the power amplifiers needed for closed-loop setup but also additional elements of a real network to which the system is dedicated, i.e., the advanced metering infrastructure, photovoltaic source, and energy storage inverters and load devices. Furthermore, the real cellular network of the distribution network operator is used in the communication between the controllers. In addition, the article contains discussions on communication issues, including limitations related to selected protocols. Finally, examples of the experimental validation of the controller prototypes are presented.

关键词： controller hardware-in-the-loop simulation power hardware-in-the-loop simulation testbed testing and validation of controllers DSOs low-voltage networks global system for mobile communication

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Developing power hardware-in-the-loop Based Testing Environment for Volt-Var and Frequency-Watt Functions of 500 kW Photovoltaic Smart Inverter

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 224135-224144页

作者： Kikusato, Hiroshi Ustun, Taha Selim Hashimoto, Jun Otani, Kenji Nagakura, Takayuki Yoshioka, Yasutoshi Maeda, Ryo Mori, Kenjiro Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol Fukushima Renewable Energy Inst FREA Fukushima 9630298 Japan Fuji Elect Co Ltd Kawasaki Kanagawa 2109530 Japan TEPCO Power Grid Inc Tokyo 1008560 Japan Tokyo Elect Power Co Holdings Inc Tokyo 1008560 Japan

The power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation has become a popular testing approach due to the flexibility it provides and the high-fidelity of its results. It is expected to be utilized as an advanced laboratory testing scheme to validate the grid support functions of distributed energy resources (DERs) because it can evaluate the interaction between the power system and DERs. Despite the strong demand to utilize the PHIL simulation for such testing, the literature that elaborates on the practical design of PHIL simulation based testing (hereafter called "PHIL testing") environment including laboratory device setup, power system models, and test procedures is very limited. The simulation models, interfacing with the tested equipment, and data collection approaches are all different parameters that need to be fine-tuned for the successful execution of PHIL testing. It is vital for such successful test experiences to be shared to build universal knowledge around PHIL testing. In order to fill this knowledge gap, this paper presents such practical and essential techniques for the PHIL testing to share the knowledge for promotion of the PHIL simulation utilization. The development of PHIL testing environment to validate the smart inverter functions, i.e., volt-var function and frequency-watt function, is focused on in terms of laboratory setup, power system modeling, interfacing, and test procedure. The volt-var and frequency-watt functions of a 500 kW smart inverter of photovoltaic are validated on the basis of the presented techniques. Detailed test configurations, test procedures, and simulation models are presented along with obtained test results.

关键词： Testing power systems Inverters Silicon power system stability Frequency control power amplifiers Distributed energy resource IEC 61850-90-7 IEEE 1547 IEEE 1547 1 laboratory testing power hardware-in-the-loop simulation smart inverter test procedure

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Interface algorithm development for PHIL simulations of MMC-HVDC devices via real-time impedance matching

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING-JOE 2019年第16期2019卷 3234-3239页

作者： Jiang, Shouqi Li, Guoqing Xin, Yechun Wang, Lixin Wang, Weiru Northeast Elect Power Univ Key Lab Modern Power Syst Simulat & Control & Ren Minist Educ Jilin 132012 Jilin Peoples R China

power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation combines the advantages of digital and physical simulations, which is an effective method to study and analyse modular multi-level-converter-based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) technology. For the damping impedance method (DIM) interface algorithm, a real-time impedance matching method is proposed to improve the stability and accuracy of the PHIL simulation system. The equivalent impedance between the power interface and the MMC converter station is calculated according to the voltage difference and current between them, and the equivalent impedance parameters of MMC, in both de-blocking and blocking modes, are obtained by the Thevenin equivalent models;then the information of the hardware under test impedance is used to update the DIM interface algorithm. In addition, a compensation control method for interface delay is used to reduce the system error. The excellent performance of stability and accuracy is verified by digital simulation results, which show that the proposed DIM interface algorithm is able to keep the PHIL simulation system stable under different kinds of disturbances and the maximum relative error of the active power <1.2%.

关键词： impedance matching power system simulation power system stability HVDC power convertors interface algorithm development PHIL simulations MMC-HVDC devices power hardware-in-the-loop simulation digital simulations physical simulations multilevel-converter-based high-voltage direct current technology damping impedance method interface algorithm real-time impedance matching method PHIL simulation system power interface MMC converter station Thevenin equivalent models test impedance DIM interface algorithm compensation control method interface delay digital simulation results active power

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