In recent decades, the operational impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) strategies is massively dominating the scientific arena of improving the operation of energy systems and their hybrid integrations. Comprehensi...
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In recent decades, the operational impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) strategies is massively dominating the scientific arena of improving the operation of energy systems and their hybrid integrations. Comprehensively, this paper highlights the firm methodological link of AI strategies with the different defined categories of numerical methods in hypothetically simulating the complex integrated energy systems especially the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The conducted studies in this paper are related to the bifurcations of the applied numerical simulation methodologies for efficient energy systems and the practical implementations of the optimal operated energy systems considering the integration scenarios of these methodologies with AI strategies. Furthermore, this research reviews innovatively several case studies and practical examples to emphasize the effective contributions of AI strategies in enhancing the computational analysis of numerical simulation methods forming a smart approach for assessing experimental studies that are associated with energy systems. Finally, this paper deeply discusses the concept of integration either in the hybrid controlling strategies combining AI with numerical simulation methods or in combining different energy systems in one hybrid model for reliable operation considering the complexity level.
In this treatise, we introduce a novel polarization modulation (PM) scheme, where we capitalize on the reconfigurable polarization antenna design for exploring the polarization domain degrees of freedom, thus boosting...
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In this treatise, we introduce a novel polarization modulation (PM) scheme, where we capitalize on the reconfigurable polarization antenna design for exploring the polarization domain degrees of freedom, thus boosting the system throughput. More specifically, we invoke the inherent properties of a dual polarized (DP) antenna for transmitting additional information carried by the axial ratio (AR) and tilt angle of elliptic polarization, in addition to the information streams transmitted over its vertical (V) and horizontal (H) components. Furthermore, we propose a special algorithm for generating an improved PM constellation tailored especially for wireless PM modulation. We also provide an analytical framework to compute the average bit error rate (ABER) of the PM system. Furthermore, we characterize both the discrete-input continuous-output memoryless channel (DCMC) capacity and the continuous-input continuous-output memoryless channel (CCMC) capacity as well as the upper and lower bounds of the CCMC capacity. The results show the superiority of our proposed PM system over conventional modulation schemes in terms of both higher throughput and lower BER. In particular, our simulation results indicate that the gain achieved by the proposed Q-dimensional PM scheme spans between 10dB and 20dB compared to the conventional modulation. It is also demonstrated that the PM system attains between 54% and 87.5% improvements in terms of ergodic capacity. Furthermore, we show that this technique can be applied to MIMO systems in a synergistic manner in order to achieve the target data rate target for 5G wireless systems with much less system resources (in terms of bandwidth and the number of antennas) compared to existing MIMO techniques.
In pursuit of optimal index modulation -aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where information is implicitly conveyed by relying on the on/off mechanism of the system's components in addition to th...
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In pursuit of optimal index modulation -aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where information is implicitly conveyed by relying on the on/off mechanism of the system's components in addition to the classical amplitude, phase, or frequency components, we present in a tutorial style our novel multi-functional (MF) architecture of layered multi-set (LMS) modulation. This generalized framework subsumes various MIMO techniques exhibiting different multiplexing and diversity functionalities. Our LMS design relies on three constituents, namely the space-time (ST) unit, the layered unit and the spatial switching unit. More specifically, the ST unit relies on the generalized space-time shift keying (GSTSK) scheme, where P - rather than one - out of Q ST dispersion matrices are selected for dispersing an equivalent number of phase-shift keying/quadrature amplitude modulation symbols across the antennas and time-slots. In the layered unit, multiple GSTSK codewords are stacked within the layers of codewords spread over time and space. The spatial switching unit activates N-c(t) out of N-t transmit antennas. Owing to its hierarchical MF architecture, our LMS system strikes a flexible design trade-off between the achievable throughput as well as the attainable diversity gain and it can potentially subsume various conventional MIMO schemes, such as Bell Lab's Layered Space-Time, space-time block codes, layered steered space-time codes, spatial modulation (SM), space-shift keying, linear dispersion codes, generalized SM, STSK, GSTSK, quadrature SM and multi-set STSK. Additionally, we derive the LMS system's discrete-input continuous-output memoryless channel capacity, which encompasses the capacity limit of all the LMS subsidiaries. We also propose a two-stage serially concatenated soft-decision (SD) based LMS detector by relying on an inner and an outer decoder that iteratively exchange their extrinsic information in order to achieve a near-capacity performance. L
What is index modulation (IM)? This is an interesting question that we have started to hear more and more frequently over the past few years. The aim of this paper is to answer this question in a comprehensive manner ...
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What is index modulation (IM)? This is an interesting question that we have started to hear more and more frequently over the past few years. The aim of this paper is to answer this question in a comprehensive manner by covering not only the basic principles and emerging variants of IM, but also reviewing the most recent as well as promising advances in this field toward the application scenarios foreseen in next-generation wireless networks. More specifically, we investigate three forms of IM: spatial modulation, channel modulation and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with IM, which consider the transmit antennas of a multiple-input multiple-output system, the radio frequency mirrors (parasitic elements) mounted at a transmit antenna and the subcarriers of an OFDM system for IM techniques, respectively. We present the up-to-date advances in these three promising frontiers and discuss possible future research directions for IM-based schemes toward low-complexity, spectrum-and energy-efficient next-generation wireless networks.
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