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CURRENT PROTOCOLS 2021年第6期1卷 e155页

作者： Mohammadzadeh, Roghayeh Karbalaei, Mohsen Soleimanpour, Saman Mosavat, Arman Rezaee, Seyed Abdolrahim Ghazvini, Kiarash Farsiani, Hadi Mashhad Univ Med Sci Sch Med Dept Microbiol & Virol Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Jiroft Univ Med Sci Sch Med Dept Microbiol & Virol Jiroft Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Antimicrobial Resistance Res Ctr Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Acad Ctr Educ Culture & Res Blood Borne Infect Res Ctr Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Inflammat & Inflammatory Dis Res Ctr Fac Med Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran Mashhad Univ Med Sci Inflammat & Inflammatory Dis Div Immunol Res Ctr Mashhad Razavi Khorasan Iran

One of the most critical challenges of genetic engineering is the expression of recombinant proteins using biological expression systems. Nowadays, different expression systems from bacteria to mammalian tissue culture cells are available for the production of recombinant proteins for medical and industrial purposes. Among various choices, yeast expression systems such as Pichia pastoris are promising candidates. The P. pastoris expression system is a standard tool for the production of biopharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes. It is also considered a unique host for the expression of subunit vaccines which could significantly affect the growing market of medical biotechnology. Using P. pastoris as an expression system for heterologous proteins, this article provides detailed basic protocols for cloning of a recombinant cassette into a suitable expression vector, the transformation of foreign vector DNAs into the yeast by electroporation, and expression and purification of desired recombinant protein. (c) 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： expression Pichia pastoris system practical methods recombinant protein recombinant protein expression

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Community Health Impact Assessment in Ghana: Contemporary Concepts and practical methods

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INQUIRY-THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION PROVISION AND FINANCING 2019年 56卷 46958019845292页

作者： Aboagye, Da-Costa Akuffo, Kwame Khan, Hafiz T. A. Univ West London London England

It has long been recognized that health and its determinants are strongly influenced by policies, programs, and projects outside of the health care sector. Few countries have introduced health impact assessments (HIA) to try and ensure that probable impacts on health are considered. An appropriate health impact assessment regime will identify negative and positive impacts of proposed health policies and programs on health, enable the interpretation of health risk and potential health gain, and present the information to assist in decision making. These HIAs are often generic and rapid desk-based appraisals characterized by the use of information and evidence that is already available or easily accessible and generally undertaken by administrators in an organization to gain a snapshot of the health impacts to inform proposal direction. Rapid and generic desk-based assessments require less-intensive effort and resources and draws on existing data sources from scientific peer-reviewed and gray literature to analyze potential health impacts. However, both sources can also be used to determining whether a more detailed review is necessary. The Community HIA model proposed by this work departs from the generic and rapid desk-based appraisals and is intended to provide practical evidence to give higher priority to people's viewpoints, promote participation, understanding and incorporate community voices to help shape future policy, programs, and practice. A comprehensive review of Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was carried out using the generic desk-based HIA approach. This was followed by a practical qualitative community field work. In this research, we have demonstrated how community HIA is to be conducted through an actual case study in the Ghanaian West African context. The scope of this work is wide and incorporates the consideration of key concepts and possible methods for carrying out HIA at the community level.

关键词： community health impact assessment contemporary concepts practical methods National Health Insurance Scheme research public health

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State-Space Realization of LPV Input-Output Models: practical methods for The User

State-Space Realization of LPV Input-Output Models: Practica...

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American Control Conference

作者： Hossam Abbas Roland Toth Herbert Werner Institute of Control Systems Hamburg University of Technology Eissendorfer Str. 40 21073 Hamburg Germany Delft Center for Systems and Control Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 2 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781424474264

Identification of Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) systems is often accomplished via Input-Output (IO) model structures in discrete-time. This approach is common because of its simplicity and the possibility to extend identification methods for Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) systems. However, a realization of LPV-IO models as State-Space (SS) representations, often required for control synthesis, is complicated due to the phenomenon of dynamic dependence (dependence of the resulting representation on time-shifted versions of the scheduling signal). This conversion problem is revisited and practically applicable approaches are suggested which result in SS representations that have only static dependence (dependence on the instantaneous value of the scheduling signal). To reduce complexity, a criterion is established to decide when an LTI type of realization can be used without introducing significant error. To reduce the order of the resulting SS realization, a LPV Ho-Kalman type of model reduction approach is introduced, which is capable of reducing even unstable models. The proposed methods are illustrated by application oriented examples.

关键词： practical methods INPUT-OUTPUT LTI Identification methods state space Reduced order model application-oriented

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A Study on practical methods to Decrease Short Circuit Level in Transmission Grids

A Study on Practical Methods to Decrease Short Circuit Level...

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Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

作者： M. Farrokhifar R. Esmaeilzadeh M. Heydari A. R. Milani Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Azarbaijan Regional Electric Company East Azarbaijan Power Generation Management Company Tabriz Electric Power Distribution Company

ISBN: (纸本)9781479902255

Increased generation capacity along with entrance of new power plants to the grid has caused increase in the level of short circuit in transmission grid substations. In this paper, methods for decreasing fault current used theoretically and practically are gathered briefly first. Then, short circuit level is studied in transmission substations at Azerbaijan regional electricity company region in 2014 to introduce practical methods to decrease fault current. Short circuit level of mentioned transmission grid is analyzed using DIgSILENT and appropriate methods are proposed to decrease fault current.

关键词： Short circuit level Fault current limiter Azerbaijan electricity grid DIgSILENT practical methods Fault current limiters fault currents Power grids Substations grids PLANT CAPACITY Power Plants Grates entry

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Clinical trials among worker populations: a model for an anamnestic survey of upper limb pathologies and its practical application methods

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ERGONOMICS 1998年第9期41卷 1312-1321页

作者： Menoni, O Vimercati, C Panciera, D EPM Res Unit I-20145 Milan Italy

Following a brief review of the principal clinical characteristics of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs, the authors propose a protocol for a structured anamnestic examination featuring a series of set questions. The anamnestic model is based on a detailed listing of the symptoms to be analysed, which are divided into four categories: pain, paraesthesia, symptoms attributable to hyposthenia, and neurovegetative disorders. Regarding pain and paraesthesia, the authors list the localization, pattern of onset, duration and number of episodes, irradiation and treatment. The patients can thus be classified as anamnestic cases based on the following criteria: presence of pain or paraesthesia during the last 12 months, with episodes lasting for at least 1 week or occurring at least once a month, with no previous acute trauma. For hyposthenia, the authors report on the conditions under which the disorder may develop. The neurovegetative disorders considered are modifications in colour of the fingers and reaction to exposure to low temperatures. The structure of the proposed anamnestic chart permits all findings to be easily encoded for subsequent storage in a dedicated database. The appendix contains an annotated facsimile of the anamnestic chart.

关键词： WMSDs anamnestic survey upper limb disease practical methods

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practical evaluation of sinkage and trim effects on the drag of a common generic freely floating monohull ship

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APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH 2017年 65卷 1-11页

作者： Ma, Chao Zhang, Chenliang Huang, Fuxin Yang, Chi Gu, Xiechong Li, Wei Noblesse, Francis Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn State Key Lab Ocean Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Ship & Deep Sea Explor Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Peoples R China George Mason Univ Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci Fairfax VA 22030 USA

A practical method to account for the influence of sinkage and trim on the drag of a freely floating (free to sink and trim) common monohull ship at a Froude number F <= 0.45 is considered. The sinkage and the trim are estimated via two alternative simple methods, considered previously. The drag is also estimated in a simple way, based on the classical Froude decomposition into viscous and wave components. Specifically, well-known semiempirical expressions for the friction drag, the viscous pressure drag and the drag due to hull roughness are used, and the wave drag is evaluated via a practical linear potential flow method. This simple approach can be used for ship models as well as full-scale ships with smooth or rough hull surfaces, and is well suited for early ship design and optimization. The method considered here to determine the sinkage and the trim, and their influence on the drag, yields theoretical predictions of the drag of the Wigley, S60 and DTMB5415 hulls that are much closer to experimental measurements than the corresponding predictions for the hull surfaces of the ships in equilibrium position at rest. These numerical results suggest that sinkage and trim effects, significant at Froude numbers 0.25 practical manner that only requires simple potential flow computations without iterative computations for a sequence of hull positions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sinkage Trim Drag Monohull ships practical methods Design

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IMPROVED VARIATIONS RELATING THE ZIV-LEMPEL AND WELCH-TYPE ALGORITHMS FOR SEQUENTIAL DATA-COMPRESSION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1992年第1期38卷 73-81页

作者： YOKOO, H Department of Computer Science Gunma University Japan

Several data compression algorithms relating existing important source coding algorithms, including Ziv-Lempel codes, Rissanen's Context, and Welch's LZW method, are presented. First, an intermediate algorithm between the two Ziv-Lempel methods for universal data compression is proposed, which has the same asymptotic optimality as the well-known method based on the incremental parsing. The proposed algorithm is then compared with the context gathering algorithm Context in terms of gathering direction and gathering frequency. It is shown that while the proposed algorithm and Context have the same gathering frequency, they have opposite directions of context gathering. practical variations are also considered. By combining the proposed algorithm with Welch's device, two practical data compression methods are obtained. They, as well as Welch's LZW method, start with a small table of symbol strings and build the table during compression and decompression. tn our practical methods, higher compression efficiency can be gained by accelerating the growth of the table.

关键词： UNIVERSAL DATA COMPRESSION ZIV-LEMPEL ENCODING LZW METHOD CONTEXT GATHERING practical methods

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Requirements trawling: techniques for discovering requirements

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES 2001年第4期55卷 405-421页

作者： Robertson, S Atlantic Syst Guild Ltd London W2 1SU England

If you approach someone in the street and ask for directions then, provided that person knows the way and speaks the same language as you do, it should be easy for him to help you. But often, when you try to follow the directions, you become more confused and lost. Perhaps the person giving the directions has assumed that you know about a local landmark or has forgotten to mention that there is another small street on the left before the one you are seeking. Or maybe the director has not understood your request and has sent you to a place with a similar name... there are so many reasons why the transfer of information from one person to another is fraught with difficulties. When you try to discover the requirements for any kind of product the difficulties are even more complex because the source of the requirements is not just one person, it is all of the people who are stakeholders in the project. Moreover, all of these people have their own view of what is important, along with their own experience, prejudices and views of the world. Considering the variations between your sources of requirements (stakeholders) it makes sense to have a variety of techniques for discovering the requirements. We call these as trawling techniques because, like fishing, we run a net through the organization and trap as many requirements as we can. Then, using the appropriate technique, we identify the relevant requirements (the juicy codfish) and separate them from the irrelevant (the minnows). We also look for rare and amazing fish that nobody has ever seen before. We are not just concerned with finding existing requirements, we are also concerned with generating new requirements by using techniques that encourage creativity. This paper summarizes a number of techniques that wet have found useful when trawling for requirements. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

关键词： requirements engineering trawling analysis practical methods

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WAVE design for next DSRC applications

WAVE design for next DSRC applications

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9th Annual Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS)

作者： Tsuboi, Tsutomu Yamada, Jun Yamauchi, Naoki Yoshikawa, Noriaki Renesas Technol Corp Automot Semicond Business Unit Chiyoda Ku 2-6-2 Otemachi Tokyo 1000004 Japan Cyber Creat Inst Chiyoda Ku Tokyo 100004 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424465576

In terms of wireless communication network, especialy automotive network becomes hot topics such as DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) and or WAVE (Wave Access in Vehicle Environment). And there are also other existing mobile communications available for automotive. But in WAVE (DSRSC) activities in world wide i.e. C2C-CC (Car to Car Communicaton Consortium) ITS Japan, IntelliDrive , there is no discussion for high speed access which communicates with Internet world yet. This paper provides practical wireless communication system guide line especially for automotive netowrk applications among potential wireless communication systems including existing network technology such as 3G or UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) including next broadband access WiMAX. Authors provide more pratical method for wireless communication architecture design. In previous paper(2)) for 5.9GHz DSRC cell design for next DSRC, it was introduced cell design concept using mobile communication cell design method into vehicle wireless communicaiton design and provides new DSRC architecture design but only 5.9GHz frequency band. In this paper, authors expand potential wireless communication technolgies from DRSC to 3G and WiMAX. And authors provide pratical vehicle wireless communication systems for next new DSRC applications.

关键词： Wireless communication systems third generation Wireless networks automotive engineering Cellular communications Networking Techniques WiMax network applications cell design practical methods CARRIER SYSTEM

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practical Approach to Sensor Data Gathering

Practical Approach to Sensor Data Gathering

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International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing

作者： Kwon, Soonmok Shin, Jongmin Yang, Dongmin Kim, Cheeha Postech Dept Comp Sci & Engn Pohang Gyungbuk South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781424438228

Various routing structures have been proposed for the data gathering in wireless sensor networks, which are supposed to be efficient in terms of energy consumption and delivery delay. Unfortunately, most of these structures assume not only a static and stable network environment but also the network-wide information such as global topology. These assumptions lead to intolerable overhead in the construction of a routing structure in many, practical scenarios. We present a novel solution termed as Local Parent Designation (LPD), which is mostly, based on local information. such that each node locally, designates its parent in the routing tree. The resultant tree is characterized by, each nodes local decision on its eligibility, to be a parent and priority, of designating a parent. While using such minimal resources, LPD is robust to network changes and flexible to various application demands. Moreover simulation results show that the performance of LPD is comparable to that of other high-cost schemes in terms of energy and delay.

关键词： practical methods Sensor Data Parents energy consumption Simulation results Network routing local information. eligibility

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