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Conference on Optoelectronic Imaging and Multimedia Technology III

作者： Gao, Feiyu Ji, Xiangyang Yan, Chenggang Dai, Qionghai Tsinghua Univ Dept Automat Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413465

predictive Lossy Compression has been found to be an interesting alternative to conventional transform coding techniques in multispectral image compression. Recently, High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC) standard has shown significant improvement over state of the art transformation based still-image coding standard. In this paper we study the properties of multispectral image and propose a predictive lossy compression scheme based on HEVC. Empirical analysis shows that our proposed method is superior to the existing state of the art predictive lossy compression schemes.

关键词： multispectral image predictive coding lossy compression HEVC

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Evaluation of Machine-Learning Protocols for Technology-Assisted Review in Electronic Discovery 14

Evaluation of Machine-Learning Protocols for Technology-Assi...

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37th Annual International ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval

作者： Cormack, Gordon V. Grossman, Maura R. Univ Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada Wachtell Lipton Rosen & Katz New York NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450322591

Using a novel evaluation toolkit that simulates a human reviewer in the loop, we compare the effectiveness of three machine-learning protocols for technology-assisted review as used in document review for discovery in legal proceedings. Our comparison addresses a central question in the deployment of technology-assisted review: Should training documents be selected at random, or should they be selected using one or more non-random methods, such as keyword search or active learning? On eight review tasks - four derived from the TREC 2009 Legal Track and four derived from actual legal matters - recall was measured as a function of human review effort. The results show that entirely non-random training methods, in which the initial training documents are selected using a simple keyword search, and subsequent training documents are selected by active learning, require substantially and significantly less human review effort (P < 0.01) to achieve any given level of recall, than passive learning, in which the machine-learning algorithm plays no role in the selection of training documents. Among passive-learning methods, significantly less human review effort (P < 0.01) is required when keywords are used instead of random sampling to select the initial training documents. Among active-learning methods, continuous active learning with relevance feedback yields generally superior results to simple active learning with uncertainty sampling, while avoiding the vexing issue of "stabilization" - determining when training is adequate, and therefore may stop.

关键词： Technology-assisted review predictive coding electronic discovery e-discovery

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Kinesthesis Can Make an Invisible Hand Visible

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PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2014年第1期25卷 66-75页

作者： Dieter, Kevin C. Hu, Bo Knill, David C. Blake, Randolph Tadin, Duje Univ Rochester Dept Brain & Cognit Sci Rochester NY 14627 USA Univ Rochester Ctr Visual Sci Rochester NY 14627 USA Seoul Natl Univ Dept Brain & Cognit Sci Seoul 151 South Korea Vanderbilt Univ Vanderbilt Vis Res Ctr Nashville TN USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Psychol Sci Nashville TN USA Univ Rochester Sch Med Dept Ophthalmol Rochester NY 14627 USA

Self-generated body movements have reliable visual consequences. This predictive association between vision and action likely underlies modulatory effects of action on visual processing. However, it is unknown whether actions can have generative effects on visual perception. We asked whether, in total darkness, self-generated body movements are sufficient to evoke normally concomitant visual perceptions. Using a deceptive experimental design, we discovered that waving one's own hand in front of one's covered eyes can cause visual sensations of motion. Conjecturing that these visual sensations arise from multisensory connectivity, we showed that grapheme-color synesthetes experience substantially stronger kinesthesis-induced visual sensations than nonsynesthetes do. Finally, we found that the perceived vividness of kinesthesis-induced visual sensations predicted participants' ability to smoothly track self-generated hand movements with their eyes in darkness, which indicates that these sensations function like typical retinally driven visual sensations. Evidently, even in the complete absence of external visual input, the brain predicts visual consequences of actions.

关键词： multisensory perception visual motion perception kinesthesis synesthesia predictive coding perception vision motor processes motion perception

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Photo Album Compression By Leveraging Temporal-Spatial Correlations and HEVC

Photo Album Compression By Leveraging Temporal-Spatial Corre...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Ling, Yonggen Au, Oscar C. Zou, Ruobing Pang, Jiahao Yang, Haiyan Zheng, Amin Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479934324

The advancing digital photography technology has resulted in a large number of photos stored in personal computers. Photo album compression algorithms aim to save storage space and efficiently manage photos. In this paper, a general forest structure model involving depth constrain for photo album compression is proposed, which further exploits the correlations between images in the photo album. We firstly represent the images as nodes in a graph and directed edges between them as predictive coding relationship. Affinity propagation is then applied to compute for a depth-constrained forest. Finally, we adopt depth-first search algorithm to generate the compression order according to forest structure and HEVC to compress the images with adaptive GOPs and reference list. Experimental results show that the proposed compression method provides much better rate-distortion performance compared to JPEG and significantly reduce the storage space.

关键词： Correlation Image coding Image edge detection predictive coding Transform coding Vegetation Video coding

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Multi-Layer Cortical Learning Algorithms

Multi-Layer Cortical Learning Algorithms

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IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence, Cognitive Algorithms, Mind, and Brain

作者： Agrawal, Pulin Franklin, Stan Univ Memphis Dept Comp Sci Memphis TN 38152 USA Univ Memphis Inst Intelligent Syst Memphis TN 38152 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479945498

Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) is a model with hierarchically connected modules doing spatial and temporal pattern recognition, as described by Jeff Hawkins in his book entitled On Intelligence. Cortical Learning Algorithms (CLAs) comprise the second implementation of HTM. CLAs are an attempt by Numenta Inc. to create a computational model of perceptual analysis and learning inspired by the neocortex in the brain. In its current state only an implementation of one isolated region has been completed. The goal of this paper is to test if adding a second higher level region implementing CLAs to a system with just one region of CLAs, helps in improving the prediction accuracy of the system. The LIDA model (Learning Intelligent Distribution Agent - LIDA is a cognitive architecture) can use such a hierarchical implementation of CLAs for its Perceptual Associative Memory.

关键词： Cortical Learning Algorithms predictive coding LIDA feedback message pattern recognition

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Distributed predictive coding for Spatio-Temporally Correlated Sources

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2009年第10期57卷 4066-4075页

作者： Saxena, Ankur Rose, Kenneth Univ Calif Santa Barbara Dept Elect & Comp Engn Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

Distributed coding of correlated sources with memory poses a number of considerable challenges that threaten its practical application, particularly (but not only) in the context of sensor networks. This problem is strongly motivated by the obvious observation that most common sources exhibit temporal correlations that may be at least as important as spatial or intersource correlations. This paper presents an analysis of the underlying tradeoffs, paradigms for coding systems, and approaches for distributed predictive coder design optimization. Motivated by practical limitations on both complexity and delay (especially for dense sensor networks) the focus here is on predictive coding. From the source coding perspective, the most basic tradeoff (and difficulty) is due to conflicts that arise between distributed coding and prediction, wherein "standard" distributed quantization of the prediction errors, if coupled with imposition of zero decoder drift, would drastically compromise the predictor performance and hence the ability to exploit temporal correlations. Another challenge arises from instabilities in the design of closed-loop predictors, whose impact has been observed in the past, but is greatly exacerbated in the case of distributed coding. In the distributed predictive coder design, we highlight the fundamental tradeoffs encountered within a more general paradigm where decoder drift is allowable or unavoidable, and must be effectively accounted for and controlled. We derive an overall design optimization method for distributed predictive coding that avoids the pitfalls of naive distributed predictive quantization and produces an optimized low complexity and low delay coding system. The proposed iterative algorithms for distributed predictive coding subsume traditional single-source predictive coding and memoryless distributed coding as extreme special cases.

关键词： Distributed quantization predictive coding sensor networks

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A two-part predictive coder for multitask signal compression

A two-part predictive coder for multitask signal compression

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2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2014

作者： Deeann Chen, Scott Moulin, Pierre University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 405 North Mathews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781479928927

Traditional compression techniques optimize signal fidelity under a bit rate constraint. However, signals are often not only reconstructed for human evaluation purposes but also analyzed by machines. This paper introduces a two-part predictive (2PP) coding architecture intended for signal compression with the dual purposes of preserving signal fidelity and feature fidelity. First we introduce the architecture of the 2PP coder, then we apply and evaluate it on two problems: scene classification and pedestrian detection. Tradeoffs between compression rate, mean-squared reconstruction error, and classification accuracy, are explored. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： compression pedestrian detection predictive coding quantizer learning scene classification

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predictive DEPTH MAP coding FOR EFFICIENT VIRTUAL VIEW SYNTHESIS

PREDICTIVE DEPTH MAP CODING FOR EFFICIENT VIRTUAL VIEW SYNTH...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Luís F. R. Lucas Nuno M. M. Rodrigues Carla L. Pagliari Eduardo A. B. da Silva Sérgio M. M. de Faria Instituto de Telecomunica??es DEE Instituto Militar de Engenharia PEE/COPPE/DEL/Poli Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923427

This paper presents a novel approach to compress depth maps envisioned for virtual view synthesis. This proposal uses a sophisticated prediction model, combining the HEVC intra prediction modes with a flexible partitioning scheme. It exhaustively evaluates the prediction modes for a large amount of block sizes, in order to find the minimum coding cost for each depth map block. Unlike HEVC, no transform is used, the residue being trivially encoded through the transmission of just its mean value. The experimental results show that, when the encoding evaluation metric is the quality of the view synthesized using the encoded depth map against the map encoding rate, the proposed algorithm generates reconstructed depth maps that provide, for most bitrates, some of the best performances among state-of-the-art depth maps encoders. In addition, it runs approximately as fast as the HEVC HM.

关键词： Depth map coding predictive coding flexible block segmentation depth image based rendering

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T-type calcium channels promote predictive homeostasis of input-output relations in thalamocortical neurons of lateral geniculate nucleus

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FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014年第AUG期8卷 98页

作者： Hong, Su Z. Kim, Haram R. Fiorillo, Christopher D. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Bio & Brain Engn Taejon 305701 South Korea

A general theory views the function of all neurons as prediction, and one component of this theory is that of "predictive homeostasis" or "prediction error." It is well established that sensory systems adapt so that neuronal output maintains sensitivity to sensory input, in accord with information theory. predictive homeostasis applies the same principle at the cellular level, where the challenge is to maintain membrane excitability at the optimal homeostatic level so that spike generation is maximally sensitive to small gradations in synaptic drive. Negative feedback is a hallmark of homeostatic mechanisms, as exemplified by depolarization-activated potassium channels. In contrast, T-type calcium channels exhibit positive feedback that appears at odds with the theory. In thalamocortical neurons of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), T-type channels are capable of causing bursts of spikes with an all-or-none character in response to excitation from a hyperpolarized potential. This "burst mode" would partially uncouple visual input from spike output and reduce the information spikes convey about gradations in visual input. However, past observations of T-type-driven bursts may have resulted from unnaturally high membrane excitability. Here we have mimicked within rat brain slices the patterns of synaptic conductance that occur naturally during vision. In support of the theory of predictive homeostasis, we found that T-type channels restored excitability toward its homeostatic level during periods of hyperpolarization. Thus, activation of T-type channels allowed two retinal input spikes to cause one output spike on average, and we observed almost no instances in which output count exceeded input count (a "burst"). T-type calcium channels therefore help to maintain a single optimal mode of transmission rather than creating a second mode. More fundamentally our results support the general theory, which seeks to predict the properties of a neuron's ion channels and synapse

关键词： thalamus retinogeniculate efficient coding predictive coding prediction error low-threshold spike

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Information Hiding Algorithm Based on predictive coding

Information Hiding Algorithm Based on Predictive Coding

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International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science

作者： Ren, Junling Xia, Yangbo Ma, Zhifeng Beijing Informat Sci & Technol Univ Sch Informat Management Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Informat Engn Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat Sci & Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769536880

In view of the information security questions, the information hiding technology already becomes the hot spot in the research field. On the basis of the predictive coding, an algorithm using the prediction error to carry on the information hiding is proposed in this paper. In order to restrain the error diffusion which possibly appears during the anti-predictive coding in the information hiding process, an improved predictive coding algorithm is put forward. Through the experiments, the performances of the basic algorithm and improved algorithm are tested, resulting in the proof of the thread correctness. At the same time, the improved algorithm achieves the ultra large information capacity of 0.953 bits/Byte and the PSNR of 49.184dB so as to verify the validity of the improved algorithm.

关键词： information hiding predictive coding stochastic permutation algorithm information hiding capacity robustness

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