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International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition (ICAPR)

作者： Jaeil Kim Munchurl Kim Sangjin Hahm In-joon Cho Changsub Park Information and Communications University Daejeon South Korea

In this paper, a two-stage block-mode classification scheme of H.264|MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC is presented as a pattern classification approach using SVMs in order to reduce high computational complexity of its encoders. For the block-mode classification, the feature vectors for each macroblock are formed for the SVMs with SATD and CBP values to detect the large and small block modes. From the experimental results, the proposed scheme yields 80% and 95% of the correct classification rate in average for the first and second stage, which has led to from 35% to 55% reduction in the total encoding time while maintaining negligible amounts of bit rate increases and PSNR drops for test sequences with QCIF, CIF, and 4CIF resolutions and various quantization parameter values.

关键词： Automatic voltage control Quadratic programming Encoding Costs Computational complexity Quantization predictive coding Pattern recognition Broadcasting Electronic mail

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Intra-distance Derived Weighted distortion for error resilience

Intra-distance Derived Weighted distortion for error resilie...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Sunday Nyamweno Ramdas Satyan Fabrice Labeau Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McGill University Montreal Canada

Intra coding is one of the most effective ways of reducing the impact of error propagation caused by predictive coding. However, intra coding requires a higher bitrate when compared to inter coding. In order to use Inter coding and reduce error propagation it is important that inter macroblocks predict from ¿safe¿ areas that have a decreased chance of spreading errors. To this end we propose a low complexity method of biasing the prediction mechanism towards recently intra updated macroblocks. We devise a method of adjusting the distortion used in rate distortion optimization to take into account the temporal distance of the last Intra macroblock. Our simulations show that our intra-distance derived weighting (IDW) method improves video coding performance in a lossy environment by up to 1.4 dB for a modest increase in bitrate.

关键词： Resilience Bit rate Rate-distortion Decoding Computer errors Rate distortion theory Video compression predictive coding Video coding Automatic voltage control

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Performance analysis of block matching criterion in video data on embedded processor using VHDL

Performance analysis of block matching criterion in video da...

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Proceeding of International Conference on Methods and Models in Computer Science (ICM2CS)

作者： Awanish Kr. Mishra Ravindra Kr. Purwar Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Kanpur India University School of Information Technology GGSIP University New Delhi India

Video Compression has played an important role in Multimedia data storage and transmission. Video compression techniques remove spatial as well as temporal redundancy using intra-frame and inter-frame coding respectively. A large level of compression can be achieved through inter-frame coding. In this paper, performance of four matching criterion in the temporal coding of video signal, which are Minimum Mean Absolute Error, Vector Matching Criterion, Smooth Constrained - Mean Absolute Error, and proposed algorithm using new pixel values are compared on hardware design using VHDL. Three step search algorithm has been used for searching the matching block as a block matching technique, because three step search algorithm is very simple and efficient search algorithm, which provides near optimum results only in three steps. For the various videos it has been experimentally observed that the minimum average error per pixel, and minimum search points per block reduces up to 0 per pixel and 13.31 per block respectively using proposed criterion and the values for the same parameters and same set of frames are very high using other criterion.

关键词： Performance analysis Video compression Motion estimation Motion compensation Redundancy predictive coding Transform coding Image coding Decoding Embedded computing

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An error robust Ultra Low Delay audio coder using an MA prediction model

An error robust Ultra Low Delay audio coder using an MA pred...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Stefan Wabnik Gerald Schuller Ferenc Kraemer Institute of Digital Media Technology Fraunhofer IDMT Ilmenau Germany Institute of Media Technology Technical University Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424423538

This paper compares two prediction structures for predictive perceptual audio coding in the context of the ultra low delay (ULD) coding scheme. One structure is based on the commonly used AR signal model, leading to an IIR predictor in the decoder. The other structure is based on an MA signal model, leading to an FIR predictor in the decoder. We find that the AR-based predictor has a slightly better performance in case of an undisturbed transmission channel, but the MA-based predictor has a much better performance in case of transmission errors. For a bit error rate (BER) of 1.0e-5, the perceptual quality of the proposed MA model predictor achieves a mean objective difference grade (ODG) of -0.66 ODG whereas the AR model predictor only reaches -3.42 ODG.

关键词： Robustness Delay predictive models Decoding Audio coding predictive coding IIR filters Frequency Finite impulse response filter Bit error rate

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Bi-direction Motion Vector retrieval based error concealment scheme for H.264/AVC

Bi-direction Motion Vector retrieval based error concealment...

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International Colloquium on Signal Processing & Its Applications, CSPA

作者： Yichun Tang Jun Wang Satoshi Goto Graduate School of Information Production and System LSI Waseda University Fukuoka Japan

As the newest video coding standard, H.264/AVC adopts the high-efficiently predictive coding and variable length entropy coding to achieve high compression efficiency. On the other side, transmission errors become the major problem faced by video broadcasting service providers. Error concealment (EC) here is adopted to handle slices with huge conjunctive corrupted areas inside. Considering error propagation from corrupted slice to succeeding ones is the key factor affecting the video quality, this paper proposes a novel temporal EC scheme including the bi-direction motion vector (MV) retrieval method and an adaptive EC ordering basing on it. Background and motional steady shift part of slice will be given top and second priority, respectively. Combined with our proposed improved boundary matching algorithm (IBMA) which provides more accurate distortion function, experiments results show that our proposal achieves better performance under different error rate channel, compared with EC algorithm adopted in H.264 reference software.

关键词： Bidirectional control Automatic voltage control Video compression Software algorithms Video coding predictive coding Entropy coding Multimedia communication Broadcasting Proposals

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Hiding secret data in images via predictive coding

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PATTERN RECOGNITION 2005年第5期38卷 691-705页

作者： Yu, YH Chang, CC Hu, YC Providence Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Taichung 433 Taiwan Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Chiayi 621 Taiwan

This paper presents a prediction-based image-hiding scheme that embeds secret data into compression codes during image compression. This scheme employs a two-stage structure: a prediction stage and an entropy coding stage. The secret data is embedded into the difference values of a given image after the prediction stage is performed. According to the experimental results, the image quality is better than Jpeg-Jsteg and its improved scheme (Inform. Sci. 141 (1-2) (2002) 123). The average image quality of the stego-images in the proposed scheme is greater than 50dB when the hiding capacity is 1 bit per pixel, whereas those values in Jpeg-Jsteg and scheme in Chang et al. (Inform. Sci. 141 (1-2) (2002) 123) are 37.04 and 33.73 dB, respectively. The hiding capacity of the proposed scheme is 65,536 bits when the hiding capacity is I bit per pixel, whereas it is 53,248 bits in scheme (Inform. Sci. 141 (1-2) (2002) 123) and less than 3000 bits in Jpeg-Jsteg. (C) 2004 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： predictive coding image hiding steganography stego-image

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Rate distortion bounds for blocking and intra-frame prediction in videos

Rate distortion bounds for blocking and intra-frame predicti...

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Information Theory and Applications Workshop, ITA

作者： Jing Hu Jerry D. Gibson Digital Signal Processing Group Cisco Systems Inc. Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424439904

Recently we proposed a block-based conditional correlation coefficient model for natural videos in the spatial-temporal domain. The conditioning is on local texture and the optimal parameters can be calculated for a specific video with a mean absolute error (MAE) usually smaller than 5%. We used this conditional correlation model and the classic results on conditional rate distortion functions to calculate new theoretical rate distortion bounds for videos which appear to be the only valid theoretical rate distortion bounds with regard to the current cutting-edge video compression technologies such as those standardized in AVC/H.264. In this paper, we focus on utilizing the new block-based local-texture-dependent correlation model to derive rate distortion bounds for blocking and optimal prediction across neighboring blocks. We study the penalty paid in average rate when the correlation among the neighboring blocks is discarded completely or is incorporated partially through predictive coding. We calculate the thresholds in average rate and distortion when incorporating the correlation among the neighboring blocks through optimal predictive coding becomes worse than completely discarding this correlation. We also discuss the role of local texture in inter-frame prediction.

关键词： Rate-distortion Video compression predictive coding predictive models Image coding Transform coding Rate distortion theory Digital signal processing Decoding Video codecs

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On the Design of Training and Testing Data for Neural Networks in Image Prediction

On the Design of Training and Testing Data for Neural Networ...

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International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DESE)

作者： Naeem Radi Abir Jaafar Hussain Dhiya Al-Jumeily Al-Kawarizmi International College Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK

The use of neural networks as a nonlinear predictor in many applications including predictive image coding has been successfully presented by many researchers. However, almost all of the research papers have focused on the architecture of the neural network and very little attention has been given to the design of the training and testing data. This paper demonstrates how the choice of the training data could dramatically affects the performance of the neural networks in image prediction. The important design factors of the training and testing data are assessed and the outcomes of the various simulations are presented.

关键词： Neural networks Image coding predictive models predictive coding System testing Artificial neural networks Pulse modulation Polynomials Data engineering Design engineering

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Research on Lossy Compression Technology about the Encrypt coding Image

Research on Lossy Compression Technology about the Encrypt C...

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International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, ESIAT

作者： Chenghua Yan Xia Liu Dept. of Inf. Security Naval Univ. of Eng. Wuhan China Naval University of Engineering

By research on lossy compression technology about about the encrypt coding image, lossy predictive coding is analyzed, and optimal predictors altogether with optimal quantization was set up. Meanwhile, coding image model produces a fairly good effect by application on the encrypt image at the entrance of a network user on the platform of information network under WEB.

关键词： Image coding Cryptography predictive coding Quantization Digital images Decoding Image reconstruction Delta modulation Image storage Information security

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A fuzzy neural network based adaptive predictor with P-controller compensation for lossless compression of images

A fuzzy neural network based adaptive predictor with P-contr...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Ching-Hung Lee Lih-Jen Kau Yuan-Pei Lin Department Electrical Engineering Yuan-Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Department Computer and Communication Engineering Dahan Institute of Technology Hualien Taiwan Department Electrical and Control Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424438273

predictively encoded techniques are commonly used for lossless compression of images for its effectiveness of removing statistical redundancy between pixels. However, there can be large prediction errors for pixels around boundaries. In this paper, we introduce techniques commonly used in control systems to enhance the coding efficiency of predictive coding. Actually, the predictive coding system behaves just like a multi-input single-output system with the predictor itself can be taken as the system model. When compared with the purpose of a control system, which is to follow the system command as precisely as possible, we find the objective of both systems are the same. Moreover, an edge or a boundary among image pixels can be regarded as a step command in control systems. These observations lead to the idea of using control technologies to improve prediction result for pixels around boundaries. To realize this idea, we use an adaptive Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy neural network (TS-FNN) as the predictor. Furthermore, the widely used proportional controller in control system is implemented implicitly in the consequent part of the network so that the prediction error can be further compensated for pixels around boundaries. We find in experiments that the proposed approach can have a very good prediction result even without using any online training area for network adaptation process. This makes the proposed system more feasible under limited resources. Finally, comparisons to existing state-of-the-art lossless predictors and coders will be given to highlight the advantages of the proposed novel approach.

关键词： Fuzzy neural networks Adaptive systems Image coding Control systems Fuzzy control Pixel predictive coding Proportional control Redundancy predictive models

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