Pellicano and Burr (2012) argue that a Bayesian framework can help us understand the perceptual peculiarities in autism. We agree, but we think that their assumption of uniformly flat or equivocal priors in autism is ...
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Pellicano and Burr (2012) argue that a Bayesian framework can help us understand the perceptual peculiarities in autism. We agree, but we think that their assumption of uniformly flat or equivocal priors in autism is not empirically supported. Moreover, we argue that any full account has to take into consideration not only the nature of priors in autism, but also how these priors are constructed or learned. We argue that predictive coding provides a more constrained framework that very naturally explains how priors are constructed in autism leading to strong, but overfitted, and non-generalizable predictions.
predictive coding has emerged as a key framework for analyzing music listeners’ behavior and experiences. However, the simplicity of stimuli in empirical research frequently fails to reflect the multifaceted complexi...
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predictive coding has emerged as a key framework for analyzing music listeners’ behavior and experiences. However, the simplicity of stimuli in empirical research frequently fails to reflect the multifaceted complexity of real-world music, potentially limiting the applicability of the predictive coding model within the broader sphere of music perception. To address this shortcoming, this study explores how principles of predictive processing manifest across different sections of sonata form. The analysis suggests that the tonal uncertainty encountered at the start of Beethoven's Symphony No. 1 may lead listeners to activate diverse hidden states, thereby enriching their listening experience. Sequential modulations in the development section prompt listeners to frequently revise their internal model of tonality, while concurrently reinforcing melodic predictability through consistent repetition of motifs/phrases. Conversely, the transitions within the exposition and recapitulation, as well as the retransition within the development, display unexpected changes in rhythm, dynamics, texture, timbre, melodic contour, motif, and figuration against a relatively predictable harmonic background. Such interactions between multiple musical aspects embody a compositional principle: balancing uncertainty or surprise in some musical aspects with predictability in others to enhance listeners’ engagement. By examining how this balancing principle unfolds in various sections of sonata form, this study offers fresh insights into the integration of large-scale structural considerations with predictive processing in music cognition.
Ketamine, classical psychedelics and sleep deprivation are associated with rapid effects on depression. Interestingly, these interventions also have common psychotomimetic actions, mirroring aspects of psychosis such ...
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Ketamine, classical psychedelics and sleep deprivation are associated with rapid effects on depression. Interestingly, these interventions also have common psychotomimetic actions, mirroring aspects of psychosis such as an altered sense of self, perceptual distortions and distorted thinking. This raises the question whether these interventions might be acute antidepressants through the same mechanisms that underlie some of their psychotomimetic effects. That is, perhaps some symptoms of depression can be understood as occupying the opposite end of a spectrum where elements of psychosis can be found on the other side. This review aims at reviewing the evidence underlying a proposed , suggesting that a range of psychotomimetic interventions are also acute antidepressants as well as trying to explain these common features in a hierarchical predictive coding framework, where we hypothesise that these interventions share a common mechanism by increasing the flexibility of prior expectations. Neurobiological mechanisms at play and the role of different neuromodulatory systems affected by these interventions and their role in controlling the precision of prior expectations and new sensory evidence will be reviewed. The proposed hypothesis will also be discussed in relation to other existing theories of antidepressants. We also suggest a number of novel experiments to test the hypothesis and highlight research areas that could provide further insights, in the hope to better understand the acute antidepressant properties of these interventions.
A recent study by Blank, Alink and Büchel, uses multivariate neuroimaging to investigate how the human brain processes the strength of face-related expectations and explores whether these expectations are represe...
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A recent study by Blank, Alink and Büchel, uses multivariate neuroimaging to investigate how the human brain processes the strength of face-related expectations and explores whether these expectations are represented in the same regions that process facial stimuli. In line with predictive coding theories, their study presents compelling evidence that the brain adjusts its processing based on the certainty of expectations. This occurs exclusively within high-level face-sensitive regions, rather than across the entire processing hierarchy. Here we critically discuss these findings and outline potential directions for future research to better understand how the human brain expects, processes, and perceives images.
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