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Oscillatory Traveling Waves Provide Evidence for predictive coding Abnormalities in Schizophrenia

Biological Psychiatry 2025年

作者： Alamia, Andrea Gordillo, Dario Chkonia, Eka Roinishvili, Maya Cappe, Celine Herzog, Michael H. Cerco Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Toulouse Toulouse France Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute Toulouse France Laboratory of Psychophysics Brain Mind Institute School of Life Sciences École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Department of Psychiatry Tbilisi State Medical University Tbilisi Georgia Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences Free University of Tbilisi Tbilisi Georgia Laboratory of Vision Physiology Ivane Beritashvili Centre of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia

Background: The computational mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders are hotly debated. One hypothesis, grounded in the Bayesian predictive coding framework, proposes that patients with schizophrenia have abnormalities in encoding prior beliefs about the environment, resulting in abnormal sensory inference, which can explain core aspects of the psychopathology, such as some of its symptoms. Methods: Here, we tested this hypothesis by identifying oscillatory traveling waves as neural signatures of predictive coding. We analyzed an electroencephalography dataset comprising 146 patients with schizophrenia and 96 age-matched healthy control participants during resting states and a visual backward masking task. Results: We found that patients with schizophrenia had stronger top-down alpha-band traveling waves compared with healthy control participants during resting state, supposedly reflecting overly precise priors at higher levels of the predictive processing hierarchy. We also found stronger bottom-up alpha-band waves in patients with schizophrenia during a visual task, consistent with the notion of enhanced signaling of sensory precision errors. Conclusions: Our results yield a novel spatial-based characterization of oscillatory dynamics in schizophrenia, considering brain rhythms as traveling waves and providing a unique framework to study the different components involved in a predictive coding scheme. All together, our findings significantly advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in fundamental pathophysiological aspects of schizophrenia, promoting a more comprehensive and hypothesis-driven approach to psychiatric disorders. © 2024 Society of Biological Psychiatry

关键词： predictive coding Psychiatry Resting-state Schizophrenia Traveling waves

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predictive coding in the human olfactory system

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Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2025年

作者： Sam H. Lyons Jay A. Gottfried Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Department of Psychology School of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

The human olfactory system is unusual. It deviates from the classical structure and function of other sensory cortices, and many of its basic computations remain mysterious. These idiosyncrasies have challenged the development of a clear and comprehensive theoretical framework in olfactory neuroscience. To address this challenge, we develop a theory of olfactory predictive coding that aims to unify diverse olfactory phenomena. Under this scheme, the olfactory system is not merely passively processing sensory information. Instead, it is actively issuing predictions about sensory inputs before they even arrive. We map this conceptual framework onto the micro- and macroscale neurobiology of the human olfactory system and review a variety of neurobiological, computational, and behavioral evidence in support of this scheme.

关键词： Bayesian inference cognitive map olfaction perception predictive coding sniffing

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predictive coding of Speech Using Microphone/Speaker Adaptation and Vector Quantization

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING 1994年第2期2卷 266-273页

作者： Aarskog, Alv I. Guren, Hans C. ABB Corp Res N-1361 Billingstad Norway

A problem with speech coders based on trained quantizers is their lack of robustness against variations in the microphone and input filter response. In this paper a simple backward adaptive prefiltering technique is proposed as a means of improving the robustness and quality of a speech coder at no cost in bit rate. The technique is particularly useful in conjunction with vector quantization (VQ) of the linear predictive coding (LPC) parameters. The performance of the prefilter, denoted a microphone and speaker adaptation (MSA) filter, has been evaluated in terms of prediction gain and spectral distortion, together with objective and subjective quality of a 7.5 kbit/s CELP speech coder. In this coder a 10-bit direct VQ of the LPC parameters using the residual energy distortion measure has been applied. This is consistent with the covariance method of LPC analysis. Simulation results illustrate that the MSA filter significantly improves the performance and robustness of the LPC VQ against changes in the input response. The 7.5 kbit/s CELP with a trained excitation codebook and MSA was found to be clearly better (subjectively and objectively) than the one without MSA. The coder with MSA also showed to be practically indistinguishable from the same CELP with unquantized LPC coefficients and a stochastic excitation codebook.

关键词： predictive coding Speech coding Microphones Linear predictive coding Robustness Filters Costs Bit rate Vector quantization Performance gain

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predictive coding for motion stimuli in human early visual cortex

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BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 2016年第2期221卷 879-890页

作者： Schellekens, Wouter van Wezel, Richard J. A. Petridou, Natalia Ramsey, Nick F. Raemaekers, Mathijs UMC Utrecht Brain Ctr Rudolf Magnus Str 4 205Postbus 85060 NL-3508 AB Utrecht Netherlands Radboud Univ Nijmegen Donders Inst Brain Cognit & Behav Dept Biophys NL-6525 ED Nijmegen Netherlands Univ Twente MIRA Biomed Signals & Syst POB 217 NL-7500 AE Enschede Netherlands UMC Utrecht Image Sci Inst Radiol Utrecht Netherlands

The current study investigates if early visual cortical areas, V1, V2 and V3, use predictive coding to process motion information. Previous studies have reported biased visual motion responses at locations where novel visual information was presented (i.e., the motion trailing edge), which is plausibly linked to the predictability of visual input. Using high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we measured brain activation during predictable versus unpreceded motion-induced contrast changes during several motion stimuli. We found that unpreceded moving dots appearing at the trailing edge gave rise to enhanced BOLD responses, whereas predictable moving dots at the leading edge resulted in suppressed BOLD responses. Furthermore, we excluded biases in directional sensitivity, shifts in cortical stimulus representation, visuo-spatial attention and classical receptive field effects as viable alternative explanations. The results clearly indicate the presence of predictive coding mechanisms in early visual cortex for visual motion processing, underlying the construction of stable percepts out of highly dynamic visual input.

关键词： High-field fMRI Motion suppression predictive coding Visual cortex Visual motion

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predictive coding in the visual cortex by a recurrent network with Gabor receptive fields

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NEURAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2001年第2期14卷 107-114页

作者： Deco, G Schürmann, B Siemens AG Corp Technol D-81739 Munich Germany

We derive a recurrent neural network architecture of single cells in the primary visual cortex that dynamically improves a 2D-Gabor wavelet based representation of an image by minimizing the corresponding reconstruction error via feedback connections. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the reconstruction error is a Lyapunov function of the herein proposed recurrent network. Our model of the primary visual cortex combines a modulatory feedforward strategy and a feedback subtractive correction for obtaining an optimal coding. The fed back error is used in our system for a dynamical improvement of the feedforward Gabor representation of the images, in the sense that the feedforward redundant representation due to the non-orthogonality of the Gabor wavelets is dynamically corrected. The redundancy of the Gabor feature representation is therefore dynamically eliminated by improving the reconstruction capability of the internal representation. The dynamics therefore introduce a nonlinear correction to the standard linear representation of Gabor filters that generates a more efficient predictive coding.

关键词： Gabor filters predictive coding recurrent networks

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predictive coding accounts for V1 response properties recorded using reverse correlation

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BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2012年第1期106卷 37-49页

作者： Spratling, M. W. Kings Coll London Strand Div Engn Dept Informat London WC2R 2LS England

PC/BC ("predictive coding/Biased competition") is a simple computational model that has previously been shown to explain a very wide range of V1 response properties. This article extends work on the PC/BC model of V1 by showing that it can also account for V1 response properties measured using the reverse correlation methodology. Reverse correlation employs an experimental procedure that is significantly different from that used in more typical neurophysiological experiments, and measures some distinctly different response properties in V1. Despite these differences PC/BC successfully accounts for the data. The current results thus provide additional support for the PC/BC model of V1 and further demonstrate that PC/BC offers a unified explanation for the seemingly diverse range of behaviours observed in primary visual cortex.

关键词： Primary visual cortex predictive coding Receptive field Orientation-tuning Spatial-frequency tuning

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predictive coding BASED ON EFFICIENT MOTION ESTIMATION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 1985年第8期33卷 888-896页

作者： SRINIVASAN, R RAO, KR UNIV TEXAS DEPT ELECT ENGNARLINGTONTX 76019

A computationally simpler and effective method is proposed for estimating motion in a video sequence. The paper outlines a search technique based on conjugate directions [3], [4] and another simpler technique called the one-at-a-time search [3]. Based on the comparison of the two methods, the latter technique is adopted as the basis for further research. The adopted technique is compared with brute force search, existing 2-D logarithmic search [1], and a modified version of it [2], for motion compensated prediction [5].

关键词： predictive coding Motion estimation Speech Video recording Deafness Timing Signal processing Codecs Graphics Large screen displays

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predictive coding FOR FIR FILTER WORDLENGTH REDUCTION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 1985年第4期32卷 365-372页

作者： YONG, CL Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

A new method of reducing the coefficient wordlength of an FIR filter by utilizing the autocorrelation property of the impulse response is presented. The desired FIR filter is realized as a cascade of a low order all-pole filter modeling the desired FIR filter and another FIR filter representing the modeling error. This technique can also be used simultaneously with other wordlength reduction techniques to enhance the wordlength reduction capability. The resulting filter may be implemented as a parallel combination of a limited number of filters whose coefficient values are - 1, 0 , or + 1 . The coefficient values can also be made equal to powers-of-two.

关键词： predictive coding Finite impulse response filter Low pass filters Nonlinear filters Passband Prototypes Narrowband Minimax techniques Frequency response Autocorrelation

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predictive coding and stochastic resonance as fundamental principles of auditory phantom perception

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BRAIN 2023年第12期146卷 4809-4825页

作者： Schilling, Achim Sedley, William Gerum, Richard Metzner, Claus Tziridis, Konstantin Maier, Andreas Schulze, Holger Zeng, Fan-Gang Friston, Karl J. Krauss, Patrick Univ Hosp Erlangen Neurosci Lab D-91054 Erlangen Germany Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Cognit Computat Neurosci Grp D-91058 Erlangen Germany Newcastle Univ Translat & Clin Res Inst Sch Med Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH England York Univ Ctr Vis Res Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada York Univ Dept Phys & Astron Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Pattern Recognit Lab D-91058 Erlangen Germany Univ Calif Irvine Ctr Hearing Res Dept Anat & Neurobiol Biomed Engn Irvine CA 92697 USA Univ Calif Irvine Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Irvine CA 92697 USA Univ Calif Irvine Dept Cognit Sci Irvine CA USA UCL Inst Neurol Wellcome Ctr Human Neuroimaging London WC1N 3AR England Univ Hosp Erlangen ENT Clin Head & Neck Surg Waldstr 1 D-91054 Erlangen Germany

Mechanistic insight is achieved only when experiments are employed to test formal or computational models. Furthermore, in analogy to lesion studies, phantom perception may serve as a vehicle to understand the fundamental processing principles underlying healthy auditory perception. With a special focus on tinnitus-as the prime example of auditory phantom perception-we review recent work at the intersection of artificial intelligence, psychology and neuroscience. In particular, we discuss why everyone with tinnitus suffers from (at least hidden) hearing loss, but not everyone with hearing loss suffers from *** argue that intrinsic neural noise is generated and amplified along the auditory pathway as a compensatory mechanism to restore normal hearing based on adaptive stochastic resonance. The neural noise increase can then be misinterpreted as auditory input and perceived as tinnitus. This mechanism can be formalized in the Bayesian brain framework, where the percept (posterior) assimilates a prior prediction (brain's expectations) and likelihood (bottom-up neural signal). A higher mean and lower variance (i.e. enhanced precision) of the likelihood shifts the posterior, evincing a misinterpretation of sensory evidence, which may be further confounded by plastic changes in the brain that underwrite prior predictions. Hence, two fundamental processing principles provide the most explanatory power for the emergence of auditory phantom perceptions: predictive coding as a top-down and adaptive stochastic resonance as a complementary bottom-up *** conclude that both principles also play a crucial role in healthy auditory perception. Finally, in the context of neuroscience-inspired artificial intelligence, both processing principles may serve to improve contemporary machine learning techniques. How is information processed in the brain during auditory phantom perception? Schilling et al. review recent work at the intersection of artificial intelligence, ps

关键词： artificial intelligence Bayesian brain phantom perception predictive coding stochastic resonance tinnitus

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predictive coding .1.

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IRE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 1955年第1期1卷 16-24页

作者： ELIAS, P Elec. Engineering Department and Research Laboratory Elec. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

predictive coding is a procedure for transmitting messages which are sequences of magnitudes. In this coding method, the transmitter and the receiver store past message terms, and from them estimate the value of the next message term. The transmitter transmits, not the message term, but the difference between it and its predicted value. At the receiver this error term is added to the receiver prediction to reproduce the message term. This procedure is defined and messages, prediction, entropy, and ideal coding are discussed to provide a basis for Part II, which will give the mathematical criterion for the best predictor for use in the predictive coding of particular messages, will give examples of such messages, and will show that the error term which is transmitted in predictive coding may always be coded efficiently.

关键词： Transmitters predictive coding Pulse modulation Entropy Feeds Decoding Error correction codes Information filtering Information filters Bandwidth

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