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检索条件"主题词=predictive coding"

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predictive coding of speech signals and subjective error criteria

Predictive coding of speech signals and subjective error cri...

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： B. Atal M. Schroeder Bell Laboratories Murray Hill NJ USA Drittes Physikalisches Institut Universität Gottingen Germany

predictive coding methods attempt to minimize the r.m.s. error in the coded signal. However, the human ear does not perceive signal distortion on the basis of r.m.s. error regardless of its spectral shape relative to the signal spectrum. Specifically, for speech signals, the locations of the formant frequencies and their rates of change with time influence the audibility, and thus the subjective distortion of any quantizing noise. In this paper, methods for reducing the subjective distortion in predictive coders for speech siganls are described and evaluated. Improved speech quality is obtained a) by efficient removal of formant and pitch related redundant structure of speech before quantizing and b) by effective masking of the quantizer noise by the speech signal.

关键词： predictive coding Speech coding Speech enhancement Distortion Humans Ear Spectral shape Frequency Acoustic noise Noise shaping

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Preliminary Investigation of the Temporal Specificity of Sequence Learning in the Primary Visual Cortex Through predictive coding

Preliminary Investigation of the Temporal Specificity of Seq...

引用

作者： Khoudary, Anthony Amin Boston University

学位级别：M.S., Master of Science/Master of Surgery

The primary visual cortex (V1) has been classically viewed as an immutable feature detector, with robust responses to low-level characteristics of objects in the visual field. Recent studies have shown the capacity of this cortical area to perform more complex computations. Nominally, the phenomenon of sequence learning relies on the ability of V1 to encode the serial order and temporal frequency of a spatiotemporal visual sequence. Investigating the mechanisms driving this phenomenon through the lens of predictive coding will further the understanding of how V1 operates locally to encode time and learns to predict the future based on minimal sensory information. Through in vivo multi-unit recordings from awake mice, this study sought to isolate neural evidence for predictive processing within the paradigm of sequence learning. Seventy unique units were isolated from forty-two mice subjected to experimentation. Preliminary analyses revealed a significant effect that agrees with the initial report on sequence learning but contradicts predictive processing theory. Further investigation is required to draw more robust conclusions about the predictive computations that occur during sequence learning. Increased sample size and refinement of data analysis will likely lead to interesting results.

关键词： Primary visual cortex Sequence learning predictive coding

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An Experimental Analysis of predictive coding Based On Artificial Neural Networks for Image Decoding

An Experimental Analysis of Predictive Coding Based On Artif...

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作者： Sun, Yanbo PennState University Libraries

学位级别：Master of Science

Prediction techniques have been extensively studied for images and video compression over the last few decades. Currently, most existing images and video compression solutions contain some predictive encoding in their algorithms. For example, it is well known that the 25-year history of the joint image group (JPEG) image coding standard predictive encodes quantified DC transform coefficients. There some other sorts of predictive coding techniques which implement redundancies inside images and videos. Similarly, in some particular cases such as image sequences, the compression system usually uses the motion compensation prediction to utilize the time redundancy. We discuss some of the most essential predictive coding techniques used in state-of-the-art image and video encoders. Then we provide some basic concepts about video color spaces representation. Various technologies including linear and non-linear predictions methods are presented in the following *** this thesis, we have implemented and presented an Artificial Neural Network Approach for the encoding of JPEG images. We have shown that JPEG compression can be significantly improved with our decoding method. In these experiments, we have implemented MLP and RNN models on tiny-imagenet data sets. We performed stateless and stateful prediction without using spatial information as well as predictions using partial spatial information and full spatial information. We use the partial and full spatial redundancy in the image to implement a nonlinear mapping function. Compared with the original image, the proposed method outperforms the JPEG image in generating predictive images with relatively small distortion.

关键词： Artificial Neural Network Image Decoding predictive coding Spatial Redundancies

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predictive coding with delayed decision.

Predictive coding with delayed decision.

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： A. Goldberg Electronic Systems Group GTE Sylvania Inc. Needham MA USA

This paper describes quantitative and qualitative improvements in 6400 b/s adaptive predictive voice coding when delayed decision is used to quantize the residual signal into one bit/ sample. Signal-to-quantizing noise curves as a function of the delay decision length provide quantitative indications of the improvements while listening tests of sentences processed with and without delayed decisions provide measures of qualitative performance. Although delayed decision does provide better waveform tracking and yields better than 2 dB improvements in signal-to-quantizing noise, auditory tests indicate that listeners cannot hear the improvement with decision delays of 5 or less. Consequently, the increased complexity of delayed decision with 6400 b/s adaptive predictive coding does not result in a useable improvement in voice transmission.

关键词： predictive coding Propagation delay Acoustic noise Delay effects Testing Vocoders Data mining Viterbi algorithm Speech analysis Signal processing

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predictive coding of Lossless Data Compression: A New Particle Dynamics Model

Predictive Coding of Lossless Data Compression: A New Partic...

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IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

作者： Dianxun Shuai Liangjun Huang Ping Zhang Department of Computer Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China Institute of Intelligent Information Proc. Xidian University Xi'an China

A new particle dynamics model (PDM) is proposed for the prediction-based lossless data compression. The structure, algorithm and properties of PDM used to generate the desired predictive coding are discussed. The proposed PDM approach has advantages in terms of parallelism, scalability, and easy hardware implementation over other sequential lossless compression methods.

关键词： predictive coding Data compression predictive models Image coding Wavelet transforms Multimedia databases Image reconstruction Parallel processing Scalability Hardware

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predictive coding of correlated sources

Predictive coding of correlated sources

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IEEE (first ITW conference of the year) Information Theory Workshop (ITW)

作者： E. Tuncel Department of Electrical Engineering University of California Riverside USA

A lossy coding scheme is proposed for separate encoding and joint decoding of two correlated sequences. The algorithm simultaneously exploits the correlation between the sequences (using a binning-based quantization scheme) and that between the samples of each sequence (using linear prediction). Under the proposed coding regime, optimal prediction filter design fundamentally deviates from the traditional approach. More specifically, it is, in general, not optimal to employ first-order prediction for noisy observations of a first-order Markov source, even when the noise is negligibly small. Moreover, even if the prediction filter is constrained to be of degree 1, the optimal filter coefficient is different from the correlation coefficient of the Markov source. In the particular example treated in this paper, it is shown that optimal first- and second-order prediction respectively enjoy up to 0.9 dB and 1.15 dB improvement over the traditional approach.

关键词： predictive coding Decoding Filters Quantization Encoding Propagation losses Algorithm design and analysis Iterative algorithms Electronic mail Source coding

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predictive coding and Surprisal Effects on N400 Amplitude: An ERP Study Using BERT-Based Language Models in Japanese Contexts

Predictive Coding and Surprisal Effects on N400 Amplitude: A...

引用

Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON)

作者： Yutaro Nakada Hiroyuki Iwata Keiji Iramina Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences School of Interdisciplinary Science and Innovation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798331505431

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505448

This study aims to reevaluate the role of the N 400 component in language processing from the perspective of predictive coding theory and investigate the impact of surprisal on N400 amplitude. An ERP experiment was conducted using three surprisal conditions (Best Completion, Unrelated, Implausible) with a BERT-based model optimized for Japanese contexts. Analysis of EEG data revealed distinct N400 amplitudes and brain connectivity patterns across the surprisal conditions. Notably, changes in alpha-band phase synchronization reflected cognitive processes related to the degree of mismatch between predicted and actual input in each context. These findings suggest that higher levels of surprisal lead to increased cognitive load, manifesting as dynamic changes in brain network activity.

关键词： Neuroscience Biological system modeling predictive models predictive coding Brain modeling Reproducibility of results Synchronization Reliability Context modeling Load modeling

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predictive coding of SAR phase history data

Predictive coding of SAR phase history data

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： E. Magli G. Olmo Dip. di Elettronica Politecnico di Turino Torino Italy

In this article we evaluate the use of predictive coding for compression of SAR phase history data. We first show that the data are mainly correlated along range lines. Then, we exploit this result to define a new DPCM-based compression algorithm named RDPCM-BAQ. The performance of this algorithm is compared with that of BAQ on SIR-C/X-SAR data, showing a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio of up to 2 dB with respect to BAQ.

关键词： predictive coding History Statistics Synthetic aperture radar Azimuth Data compression Transform coding Wavelet packets Algorithm design and analysis Signal processing

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predictive coding with Simultaneous Extraction of Pulse and Respiration Rates from PPG Signal for Energy Constrained Wearable Devices

Predictive Coding with Simultaneous Extraction of Pulse and ...

引用

International Conference on Bio-engineering for Smart Technologies (BioSMART)

作者： Gangireddy Narendra Kumar Reddy M. Sabarimalai Manikandan N V L Narasimha Murty School of Electrical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Odisha India Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati Andhra Pardesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665408110

Nowadays, wearable sensors or portable devices have great potentials for real-time monitoring of health and fitness of an individual but they are constrained with limited battery power. Therefore, exploring lightweight signal processing technique is highly demanded for accurately measuring the pulse rate (PR) and respiration rate (RR) from the photoplethysmo-gram (PPG) signal in addition to the data compression in order to reduce or even eliminate the need for frequent charging of devices and replacement of batteries. In this paper, we present a lightweight unified predictive coding framework for achieving simultaneous data compression, PR and RR extraction from the PPG signal. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed unified framework can achieve compression ratio of 4:1 with energy saving of 52.38 %. For PR estimation, the method had mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.20 (bpm), Pearson coefficient of 0.9829 and Bland Altman ratio of 5.37. The RR estimation had promising MAE results of 3.1 (1.5-5.6 for 25th-75th percentiles) and outperforms the existing methods.

关键词： Pulse measurements Wearable computers Estimation Data compression predictive coding Signal processing Real-time systems

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predictive coding for Decision Transformer

Predictive Coding for Decision Transformer

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Tung M. Luu Donghoon Lee Chang D. Yoo School of Electrical Engineering KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) Daejeon Republic of Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350377705

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377712

Recent work in offline reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated the effectiveness of formulating decision-making as return-conditioned supervised learning. Notably, the decision transformer (DT) architecture has shown promise across various domains. However, despite its initial success, DTs have underperformed on several challenging datasets in goal-conditioned RL. This limitation stems from the inefficiency of return conditioning for guiding policy learning, particularly in unstructured and suboptimal datasets, resulting in DTs failing to effectively learn temporal compositionality. Moreover, this problem might be further exacerbated in long-horizon sparse-reward tasks. To address this challenge, we propose the predictive coding for Decision Transformer (PCDT) framework, which leverages generalized future conditioning to enhance DT methods. PCDT utilizes an architecture that extends the DT framework, conditioned on predictive codings, enabling decision-making based on both past and future factors, thereby improving generalization. Through extensive experiments on eight datasets from the AntMaze and FrankaKitchen environments, our proposed method achieves performance on par with or surpassing existing popular value-based and transformer-based methods in offline goal-conditioned RL. Furthermore, we also evaluate our method on a goal-reaching task with a physical robot.

关键词： Training Decision making Supervised learning Reinforcement learning predictive coding predictive models Transformers Encoding Intelligent robots

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