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predictive coding during action observation-A depth-resolved intersubject functional correlation study at 7T

CORTEX 2022年 148卷 121-138页

作者： Cerliani, Leonardo Bhandari, Ritu De Angelis, Lorenzo van der Zwaag, Wietske Bazin, Pierre-Louis Gazzola, Valeria Keysers, Christian Netherlands Inst Neurosci Social Brain Lab Meibergdreef 47 NL-1105 BA Amsterdam Netherlands Spinoza Ctr Neuroimaging Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Amsterdam Integrat Model Based Cognit Neurosci Res Unit Amsterdam Netherlands Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci Dept Neurophys Leipzig Germany Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci Dept Neurol Leipzig Germany Univ Amsterdam Dept Psychol Amsterdam Netherlands

While the brain regions involved in action observation are relatively well documented in humans and primates, how these regions communicate to help understand and predict actions remains poorly understood. Traditional views emphasized a feed-forward architecture in which visual features are organized into increasingly complex representations that feed onto motor programs in parietal and then premotor cortices where the matching of observed actions upon the observer's own motor programs contributes to action understanding. predictive coding models place less emphasis on feed-forward connections and propose that feed-back connections from premotor regions back to parietal and visual neurons represent predictions about upcoming actions that can supersede visual inputs when actions become predictable, with visual input then merely representing prediction errors. Here we leverage the notion that feed-back connections target specific cortical layers to help adjudicate across these views. Specifically, we test whether observing sequences of hand actions in their natural order, which permits participants to predict upcoming actions, triggers more feed-back input to parietal regions than seeing the same actions in a scrambled sequence that hinders making predictions. Using submillimeter fMRI acquisition at 7T, we find that watching predictable sequences triggers more actionrelated activity (as measured using intersubject functional correlation) in the parietal cortical area PFt at depths receiving feed-back connections (layers III and V/VI) than watching the exact same actions in scrambled and hence unpredictable sequence. In addition, functional connectivity analysis performed using intersubject functional connectivity confirms that these increased action-related signals in PFt could originate from ventral premotor region BA44. This data showcases the utility of intersubject functional correlation in combination with 7T MRI to explore the architecture of social cognition un

关键词： Action observation predictive coding Depth-resolved fMRI Predictions Naturalistic viewing

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predictive coding OF SPEECH SIGNALS AND SUBJECTIVE ERROR CRITERIA

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ACOUSTICS SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1979年第3期27卷 247-254页

作者： ATAL, BS SCHROEDER, MR UNIV GOTTINGEN DRITTES PHYS INSTD-3400 GOTTINGENFED REP GER

predictive coding methods attempt to minimize the rms error in the coded signal. However, the human ear does not perceive signal distortion on the basis of rms error, regardless of its spectral shape relative to the signal spectrum. In designing a coder for speech signals, it is necessary to consider the spectrum of the quantization noise and its relation to the speech spectrum. The theory of auditory masking suggests that noise in the formant regions would be partially or totally masked by the speech signal. Thus, a large part of the perceived noise in a coder comes from frequency regions where the signal level is low. In this paper, methods for reducing the subjective distortion in predictive coders for speech signals are described and evaluated. Improved speech quality is obtained: 1) by efficient removal of formant and pitch-related redundant structure of speech before quantizing, and 2) by effective masking of the quantizer noise by the speech signal.

关键词： predictive coding Speech coding Speech enhancement Distortion Noise shaping Humans Ear Spectral shape Signal design Quantization

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predictive coding of music - Brain responses to rhythmic incongruity

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CORTEX 2009年第1期45卷 80-92页

作者： Vuust, Peter Ostergaard, Leif Pallesen, Karen Johanne Bailey, Christopher Roepstorff, Andreas Univ Aarhus Ctr Functionally Integrat Neurosci DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Royal Acad Mus Aarhus Denmark Univ Helsinki Cent Hosp Helsinki Brain Res Ctr BioMag Lab FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland Aarhus Univ Hosp PET Ctr DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Univ Aarhus Inst Anthropol Linguist & Archaeol DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark

During the last decades, models of music processing in the brain have mainly discussed the specificity of brain modules involved in processing different musical components. We argue that predictive coding offers an explanatory framework for functional integration in musical processing. Further, we provide empirical evidence for such a network in the analysis of event-related MEG-components to rhythmic incongruence in the context of strong metric anticipation. This is seen in a mismatch negativity (MMNm) and a subsequent P3am component, which have the proper-ties of an error term and a subsequent evaluation in a predictive coding framework. There were both quantitative and qualitative differences in the evoked responses in expert jazz musicians compared with rhythmically unskilled non-musicians. We propose that these differences trace a functional adaptation and/or a genetic pre-disposition in experts which allows for a more precise rhythmic prediction. (C) 2008 Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved.

关键词： Music MEG Meter predictive coding MMN

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predictive coding: A contemporary view on the burden of normality and forced normalization in individuals undergoing epilepsy surgery

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EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR 2017年 75卷 110-113页

作者： Mehmood, Sumayya Dale, Craig Parry, Monica Snead, Carter Valiante, Taufik A. Toronto Western Hosp Krembil Res Inst Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Lawrence S Bloomberg Fac Nursing Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Dept Med Div Neurol Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Dept Paediat Div Neurol Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Dept Pharmacol Div Neurol Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Dept Surg Div Neurosurg Toronto ON Canada Univ Toronto Inst Med Sci Toronto ON Canada

Following epilepsy surgery, a good psychosocial outcome is not necessarily contingent on a good seizure outcome. Increasingly, it is believed that "successful" surgery is a combination of both an acceptable and expected seizure status as well as the individual's perception of improvements in quality of life (QOL). The factors that create this optimal outcome remain an ongoing area of research in the epilepsy community. That being said, there have been some major breakthroughs in observing and understanding poor outcomes seen in a subset of postoperative patients with epilepsy. Characteristics of burden of normality and forced normalization are two phenomena that have been evident in cases of poor postoperative outcomes. In this review, we provide a summary of research and concepts used to explain these poor QOL outcomes for a seemingly successful surgery and suggest a contemporary view in understanding the mechanism of forced normalization through understanding the brain as a predictive organ. Using such a predictive coding model together with recommendations of other studies, we suggest the crucial need for a preoperative intervention addressing patient predictions and expectations to optimize on the benefits achievable through epilepsy surgery. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Epilepsy surgery Quality of life Forced normalization predictive coding Expectations Burden of normality

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predictive coding OF SPEECH AT LOW BIT RATES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 1982年第4期30卷 600-614页

作者： ATAL, BS Bell Laboratories Murray Hill NJ USA

predictive coding is a promising approach for speech coding. In this paper, we review the recent work on adaptive predictive coding of speech signals, with particular emphasis on achieving high speech quality at low bit rates (less than 10 kbits/s). Efficient prediction of the redundant structure in speech signals is obviously important for proper functioning of a predictive coder. It is equally important to ensure that the distortion in the coded speech signal be perceptually small. The subjective loudness of quantization noise depends both on the short-time spectrum of the noise and its relation to the short-time spectrum of the Speech signal. The noise in the formant regions is partially masked by the speech signal itself. This masking of quantization noise by speech signal allows one to use low bit rates while maintaining high speech quality. This paper will present generalizations of predictive coding for minimizing subjective distortion in the reconstructed speech signal at the receiver. The quantizer in predictive coders quantizes its input on a sample-by-sample basis. Such sample-by-sample (instantaneous) quantization creates difficulty in realizing an arbitrary noise spectrum, particularly at low bit rates. We will describe a new class of speech coders in this paper which could be considered to be a generalization of the predictive coder. These new coders not only allow one to realize the precise optimum noise spectrum which is crucial to achieving very low bit rates, but also represent the important first step in bridging the gap between waveform coders and vocoders without suffering from their limitations.

关键词： predictive coding Speech coding Bit rate Speech enhancement Quantization Distortion Acoustic noise Vocoders Adaptive systems Time varying systems

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predictive coding in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2015年第5期114卷 2625-2636页

作者： Luz Gonzalez-Gadea, Maria Chennu, Srivas Bekinschtein, Tristan A. Rattazzi, Alexia Beraudi, Ana Tripicchio, Paula Moyano, Beatriz Soffita, Yamila Steinberg, Laura Adolfi, Federico Sigman, Mariano Marino, Julian Manes, Facundo Ibanez, Agustin Inst Cognit Neurol INECO Buenos Aires DF Argentina Natl Sci & Tech Res Council CONICET Buenos Aires DF Argentina Diego Portales Univ UDP INECO Fdn Core Neurosci Santiago Chile Univ Cambridge Dept Clin Neurosci Cambridge England MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit Cambridge England Univ Cambridge Dept Psychol Cambridge England PANAACEA Buenos Aires DF Argentina CITTTA Buenos Aires DF Argentina Favaloro Univ Inst Neurosci Buenos Aires DF Argentina Torcuato di Tella Univ Buenos Aires DF Argentina Univ Autonoma Caribe Barranquilla Colombia Univ Nacl Cordoba Fac Psicol RA-5000 Cordoba Argentina Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Cognit & Its Disorders Sydney NSW Australia

predictive coding has been proposed as a framework to understand neural processes in neuropsychiatric disorders. We used this approach to describe mechanisms responsible for attentional abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We monitored brain dynamics of 59 children (8-15 yr old) who had ASD or ADHD or who were control participants via high-density electro-encephalography. We performed analysis at the scalp and source-space levels while participants listened to standard and deviant tone sequences. Through task instructions, we manipulated top-down expectation by presenting expected and unexpected deviant sequences. Children with ASD showed reduced superior frontal cortex (FC) responses to unexpected events but increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation to expected events. In contrast, children with ADHD exhibited reduced cortical responses in superior FC to expected events but strong PFC activation to unexpected events. Moreover, neural abnormalities were associated with specific control mechanisms, namely, inhibitory control in ASD and set-shifting in ADHD. Based on the predictive coding account, top-down expectation abnormalities could be attributed to a disproportionate reliance (precision) allocated to prior beliefs in ASD and to sensory input in ADHD.

关键词： ADHD ASD predictive coding MMN P300

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predictive coding of natural images by V1 firing rates and rhythmic synchronization (vol 110, pg 1240.e1, 2022)

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NEURON 2022年第17期110卷 2886-2887页

作者： Uran, Cem Peter, Alina Lazar, Andreea Barnes, William Klon-Lipok, Johanna Shapcott, Katharine A. Roese, Rasmus Fries, Pascal Singer, Wolf Vinck, Martin Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society 60528 Frankfurt Germany Donders Centre for Neuroscience Department of Neuroinformatics Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 AJ Nijmegen the Netherlands. Electronic address: cem.uran@esi-frankfurt.de. Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society 60528 Frankfurt Germany. Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society 60528 Frankfurt Germany Max Planck Institute for Brain Research 60438 Frankfurt Germany. Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society 60528 Frankfurt Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies 60438 Frankfurt Germany. Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society 60528 Frankfurt Germany Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Department of Biophysics Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 AJ Nijmegen the Netherlands. Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society 60528 Frankfurt Germany Max Planck Institute for Brain Research 60438 Frankfurt Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies 60438 Frankfurt Germany. Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society 60528 Frankfurt Germany Donders Centre for Neuroscience Department of Neuroinformatics Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 AJ Nijmegen the Netherlands. Electronic address: martin.vinck@esi-frankfurt.de.

predictive coding is an important candidate theory of self-supervised learning in the brain. Its central idea is that sensory responses result from comparisons between bottom-up inputs and contextual predictions, a process in which rates and synchronization may play distinct roles. We recorded from awake macaque V1 and developed a technique to quantify stimulus predictability for natural images based on self-supervised, generative neural networks. We find that neuronal firing rates were mainly modulated by the contextual predictability of higher-order image features, which correlated strongly with human perceptual similarity judgments. By contrast, V1 gamma (γ)-synchronization increased monotonically with the contextual predictability of low-level image features and emerged exclusively for larger stimuli. Consequently, γ-synchronization was induced by natural images that are highly compressible and low-dimensional. Natural stimuli with low predictability induced prominent, late-onset beta (β)-synchronization, likely reflecting cortical feedback. Our findings reveal distinct roles of synchronization and firing rates in the predictive coding of natural images.

关键词： V1 beta oscillations deep neural networks gamma oscillations gamma synchronization predictive coding primate surround suppression

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predictive coding as a model of sensory disconnection: relevance to anaesthetic mechanisms

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2021年第1期126卷 37-+页

作者： Sanders, Robert D. Casey, Cameron Saalmann, Yuri B. Univ Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Royal Prince Alfred Hosp Dept Anaesthet Camperdown NSW Australia Univ Wisconsin Dept Anesthesiol Madison WI USA Univ Wisconsin Dept Psychol 1202 W Johnson St Madison WI 53706 USA

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predictive coding and religious belief

FILOSOFIA UNISINOS

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FILOSOFIA UNISINOS 2018年第3期19卷 302-310页

作者： Van Eyghen, Hans Vrije Univ Amsterdam Boelelaan 1105 NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands

In this paper I investigate the epistemic implications of a recent theory of religious cognition that draws on predictive coding. The theory argues that certain experiences are heavily shaped by a subject's prior (religious) beliefs and thereby makes religious believers prone to detect invisible agents. The theory is an update of older theories of religious cognition but departs from them in crucial ways. I will assess the epistemic implications by reformulating existing arguments based on other (older) theories of religious cognition.

关键词： cognitive science of religion predictive coding epistemology of religious belief reliabilist epistemology the safety condition for knowledge

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predictive coding of Integers with Real-valued Predictions

Predictive Coding of Integers with Real-valued Predictions

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Data Compression Conference (DCC)

作者： Ali, Mortuza Murshed, Manzur Monash Univ Gippsland Sch Informat Technol Churchill Vic 3842 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781467360371

In this paper, we have extended the Rice-Golomb code so that it can operate at fractional precision to efficiently exploit the real-valued predictions. coding at infinitesimal precision allows the residuals to be modeled with the Laplace distribution. Unlike the Rice-Golomb code, which maps equally probable opposite-signed residuals to different integers, the proposed coding scheme is symmetric in the sense that, at infinitesimal precision, it assigns codewords of equal length to equally probable residual intervals. The symmetry of both the Laplace distribution and the coding scheme facilitates the analysis of the proposed coding scheme to determine the average code-length and the optimal value of the associated coding parameter.

关键词： Laplace distribution predictive coding Rice-Golomb code

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