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predictive responses in the Theory of Mind network: A comparison of autistic and non-autistic adults

Cortex 2025年 187卷 159-171页

作者： Zimmer, Lucie Richardson, Hilary Pletti, Carolina Paulus, Markus Schuwerk, Tobias Department of Psychology Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany School of Philosophy Psychology and Language Sciences The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology University of Vienna Wien Austria

Social cognitive processes, particularly Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning, appear to differ between autistic and non-autistic individuals. This has been proposed to reflect the autistic core symptomatology of communication and social interaction difficulties. According to the predictive coding theory, autistic individuals' ToM reasoning difficulties arise from an attenuated use of prior information about others' mental states to explain and predict their behavior. This reduced use of prior assumptions makes the social world less predictable for autistic people, causing interactive mismatch and stress. Despite strong theoretical claims, robust and replicable neural differences in ToM brain regions remain elusive. Here, we investigated whether brain regions supporting ToM reasoning anticipate a narrative during repeated exposure (i.e., the narrative anticipation effect) in non-autistic adults (Experiment 1) and tested whether this effect was attenuated in autistic adults (Experiment 2). We presented a short movie with a plot including mental states with associated actions, twice, to 61 non-autistic adults who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging [Experiment 1: M(SD)age = 25.9(4.4) years]. In Experiment 2, we used the same protocol with 30 autistic [M(SD)age = 32.4(10.7) years] and 30 non-autistic adults [M(SD)age = 33.2(10.1) years]. Analyses revealed no narrative anticipation effect in the ToM network in either group. Exploratory reverse correlation analyses identified a ToM scene that evoked a smaller difference in response between movie viewings (i.e., less repetition suppression) in autistic adults, compared to non-autistic adults. In sum, our study shows that predictive processing in the ToM network during a naturalistic movie-viewing experiment was absent in adults. Subtle differences in a key scene provide preliminary neural evidence for the predictive coding theory and open a promising avenue for future research to better understand the nature of diff

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder fMRI Narrative anticipation predictive coding Repetition suppression Theory of mind

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predictive Vector Quantizer Design for Distributed Source coding

Predictive Vector Quantizer Design for Distributed Source Co...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Pradeepa Yahampath Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg MAN Canada

This paper investigates the design of a system of predictive vector quantizers for distributed sources with memory, in which linear prediction is used to exploit the source memory, while distributed quantization is used to exploit the correlation between sources. A training-based algorithm is proposed for jointly designing the predictors, binning functions, and reconstruction codebooks of the given system to match the intra-and inter-source correlations. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, experimental results obtained by designing both scalar and vector quantizers for a set of distributed Gauss-Markov sources are presented. While the optimality of these designs is unknown, it is shown that they convincingly outperform several other alternatives.

关键词： Source coding Algorithm design and analysis Iterative algorithms Decoding predictive coding Random variables Gaussian distribution Vector quantization Speech Design optimization

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Quadtree segmented two-dimensional predictive visual pattern BTC image coding

Quadtree segmented two-dimensional predictive visual pattern...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： H. Yuen C.K. Li Department of Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

A quadtree segmented two-dimensional predictive coding technique is presented in this paper for exploiting correlation between adjacent image blocks and uniformity in variable block size image blocks. Visual pattern block truncation coding (VP-BTC) is employed to code the high activity 4/spl times/4 image blocks, with a set of sixteen visual patterns used to encode the 4/spl times/4 bitmaps. Simulation results showed that the new coding technique achieved substantial bit rate reduction with good subjective quality.

关键词： Image segmentation Image coding predictive coding Bit rate Decoding Testing Pixel Vector quantization Encoding Data structures

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predictive multiple description coding using coset codes

Predictive multiple description coding using coset codes

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International Conference on Communication Systems

作者： A. Jagmohan A. Sehgal N. Ahuja University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780375106

Multiple Description (MD) coding of predictively coded sources is of practical interest in several multimedia applications such as redundant storage of video/audio data, and real-time video/audio telephony. A key problem associated with predictive MD coding is the occurrence of predictive mismatch. In the present paper, we pose the problem of predictive MD coding as a variant of the Wyner-Ziv decoder side-in formation problem. We propose an approach based on the use of coset codes for predictive MD coding, which avoids predictive mismatch without requiring restrictive channel assumptions or high latency. We specifically consider two-channel predictive MD coding of a first-order Gauss-Markov process. Results indicate that the proposed approach significantly out-performs alternative approaches in terms of rate-distortion performance.

关键词： Decoding Delay predictive coding Rate-distortion Streaming media Telephony Gaussian processes Propagation losses Degradation predictive encoding

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Discrete Repetition Effects for Visual Words Compared to Faces and Animals, but No Modulation by Expectation: An Event-Related Potential Study

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 2025年第5期61卷 e70047页

作者： Song, Bingbing Sommer, Werner Maurer, Urs South China Normal Univ Inst Brain Res & Rehabil Guangzhou Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Psychol Hong Kong Peoples R China Humboldt Univ Dept Psychol Berlin Germany Natl Univ Malaysia Fac Educ Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Baptist Univ Hongkong Life Sci Imaging Ctr Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Brain & Mind Inst Hong Kong Peoples R China

Repetition suppression (RS) refers to the reduction of neuronal responses to repeated stimuli as compared to nonrepeated stimuli. The predictive coding account of RS proposes that its magnitude is modulated by repetition probability (P(rep)) and that this modulation increases with prior experience with the stimulus category. To test these proposals, we examined RS and its modulation by P(rep) for three stimulus categories for which participants had different expertise (Asian faces, written Chinese words and animals) using EEG. Cantonese speakers watched paired stimuli (S1-S2) of a given category with S2 being the same or a different stimulus as S1. Attributes of S1 (e.g., the sex of the first face) served as a cue for the repetition probability of S2. There were significant repetition effects and distinct topographic distributions across stimulus categories. Repetition effects in the N250 component were present in all stimulus categories, but in words, they appeared earlier and showed distinct topographic patterns compared to faces and animals. These results suggest that repetition effects differ between stimulus categories, presumably depending on prior experience and stimulus properties, such as spatial frequency. Importantly, we failed to find evidence for effects of P(rep) across any of the three categories. These null findings of P(rep) effects are putatively indicating an absence of expectancy modulation of repetition effects.

关键词： expectation predictive coding repetition suppression visual expertise

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Gradient based selective weighting of neighboring pixels for predictive lossless image coding

Gradient based selective weighting of neighboring pixels for...

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International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces

作者： J. Knezovic M. Kovac Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

Natural, continuous tone images have the very important property of high correlation of adjacent pixels. This property is cleverly exploited in lossless image compression where, prior to the statistical modeling and entropy coding step, predictive coding is used as a decorrelation tool. The use of prediction for the current pixel also reduces the cost of the applied statistical model for entropy coding. Linear prediction, where the predicted value is a linear function of previously encoded pixels (causal template), has proven to give very good results as a decorrelation tool in lossless image compression. We concentrate on adaptive linear predictors used in lossless image coding and propose a new linear prediction method.

关键词： Pixel Image coding Entropy coding Costs Decorrelation Context modeling predictive models predictive coding Probability Biomedical imaging

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A Novel predictive Vector Quantization System in Color Image coding

A Novel Predictive Vector Quantization System in Color Image...

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International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications (ISSPA)

作者： P.W.M. Tsang W.T. Lee EE Department City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

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predictive DEPTH MAP coding FOR EFFICIENT VIRTUAL VIEW SYNTHESIS

PREDICTIVE DEPTH MAP CODING FOR EFFICIENT VIRTUAL VIEW SYNTH...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Luís F. R. Lucas Nuno M. M. Rodrigues Carla L. Pagliari Eduardo A. B. da Silva Sérgio M. M. de Faria Instituto de Telecomunica??es DEE Instituto Militar de Engenharia PEE/COPPE/DEL/Poli Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923427

This paper presents a novel approach to compress depth maps envisioned for virtual view synthesis. This proposal uses a sophisticated prediction model, combining the HEVC intra prediction modes with a flexible partitioning scheme. It exhaustively evaluates the prediction modes for a large amount of block sizes, in order to find the minimum coding cost for each depth map block. Unlike HEVC, no transform is used, the residue being trivially encoded through the transmission of just its mean value. The experimental results show that, when the encoding evaluation metric is the quality of the view synthesized using the encoded depth map against the map encoding rate, the proposed algorithm generates reconstructed depth maps that provide, for most bitrates, some of the best performances among state-of-the-art depth maps encoders. In addition, it runs approximately as fast as the HEVC HM.

关键词： Depth map coding predictive coding flexible block segmentation depth image based rendering

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Binary Representation Learning for Discriminative Acoustic Unit Discovery

Binary Representation Learning for Discriminative Acoustic U...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Rui Niu Jie Chen Long Ma Changhe Song Weihao Wu Zhiyong Wu Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China Youtu Lab Tencent Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

Acoustic Unit Discovery (AUD) aims to obtain phoneme-like units that preserve linguistically significant information while removing paralinguistic details. Although Contrastive predictive coding (CPC) has emerged as a leading self-supervised representation learning method for this task, CPC-based methods still suffer from the limitation that the learned representations are susceptible to paralinguistic information and less discriminative. Inspired by the theory of distinctive features, we propose a new approach that builds a binary discriminative representation space and employs binary contrastive learning based on CPC to tackle the aforementioned issues. Experimental results show that our method achieves better results in AUD task and produces discriminative binary representations.

关键词： Representation learning Contrastive learning Signal processing predictive coding Linguistics Acoustics Speech processing

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coding framework of predictive timing in the brain

Coding framework of predictive timing in the brain

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中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Jiayuan Meng Minpeng Xu Xingwei An Xin Zhao Feng He Lixin Zhang Dong Ming Department of Biomedical Engineering Tianjin University

Object Prediction, as a fundamental cognitive function of the brain, is the ability of reducing the uncertainty of upcoming events, which contributes a lot to our daily interactions with the constantly changing environment. However, the underlying neural mechanism still remains unclear. A potential explanation is the predictive coding theory, which proposed that our perceptions are formed by forward transmitting the prediction errors between the intrinsic predictive template and incoming sensory inputs. It assumes that there is a hierarchical framework in the brain to integrate the top-down expectations with the bottom-up senses, and at each level, the predictive template is encoded by the representation unit, while the residual error is encoded by the error unit. However, it remains unknown whether the theory proposed for predicting "what" could apply to predicting "when". This study aims to examine the neural framework of predictive timing in the brain. Methods Two predictive timing templates of 400 ms and 600 ms durations were stably built up for each subject after 1-week training to discriminate three different intervals between two successive LED flashes, i.e. 400 ms, 600 ms and 900 ms. During electroencephalography(EEG) experiment, Subjects were required to judge the flash duration presented before them with three different mental tasks: 1. deciding whether the duration was 400 ms or not by pressing one of two alternative buttons as quickly as possible;2. Deciding whether the duration is 600 ms or not by pressing one of two alternative buttons as quickly as possible;3. Pressing a button after second flash as quickly as possible. The experiment or each subject contained 12 blocks which were equally distributed into the three mental tasks. Each block contained twelve trials of 400 ms durations, twelve trials of 600 ms durations and six trials of other random durations, which were displayed in a random sequence. Thirty-six healthy volunteers aged between 19 and 2

关键词： Prediction predictive coding predictive timing electroencephalography

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