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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Rhee, Hochang Fang, Yeong Il Kim, Seyun Cho, Nam lk Seoul Natl Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn INMC Seoul South Korea VUNO Inc Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163956

This paper presents a channel-wise progressive coding system for lossless compression of color images. We follow the classical lossless compression scheme of LOCO-I and CALIC, where pixel values and coding contexts are predicted and forwarded to the entropy coder for compression. The contribution is that we jointly estimate the pixel values and coding contexts from neighboring pixels by training a simple multilayer perceptron in a residual and channel-wise progressive manner. Specifically, we obtain accurate pixel prediction along with coding contexts that reflect the magnitude of local activity very well. These results are sent to an adaptive arithmetic coder that appropriately encodes the prediction error according to the corresponding coding context. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in high-resolution datasets.

关键词： Lossless Compression predictive coding

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New directions in predictive processing

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MIND & LANGUAGE 2020年第2期35卷 209-223页

作者： Hohwy, Jakob Monash Univ Philosophy & Cognit Lab Melbourne Vic Australia

predictive processing (PP) is now a prominent theoretical framework in the philosophy of mind and cognitive science. This review focuses on PP research with a relatively philosophical focus, taking stock of the framework and discussing new directions. The review contains an introduction that describes the full PP toolbox;an exploration of areas where PP has advanced understanding of perceptual and cognitive phenomena;a discussion of PP's impact on foundational issues in cognitive science;and a consideration of the philosophy of science of PP. The overall picture is that PP is a fruitful framework, with exciting new directions awaiting exploration.

关键词： approximate inference free energy perceptual inference philosophy of mind and cognition predictive coding predictive processing

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Susceptibility to auditory hallucinations is associated with spontaneous but not directed modulation of top-down expectations for speech

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NEUROSCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS 2022年第1期2022卷 niac002页

作者： Ben Alderson-Day Moffatt, Jamie Lima, Cesar F. Krishnan, Saloni Fernyhough, Charles Scott, Sophie K. Denton, Sophie Leong, Ivy Yi Ting Oncel, Alena D. Wu, Yu-Lin Gurbuz, Zehra Evans, Samuel Univ Durham Dept Psychol Durham England Univ Sussex Dept Psychol Brighton E Sussex England Inst Univ Lisboa ISCTE IUL Ctr Invest & Intervencao Social Lisbon Portugal Univ London Dept Psychol Royal Holloway London England UCL Inst Cognit Neurosci London England Univ Westminster Dept Psychol London England

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs)-or hearing voices-occur in clinical and non-clinical populations, but their mechanisms remain unclear. predictive processing models of psychosis have proposed that hallucinations arise from an over-weighting of prior expectations in perception. It is unknown, however, whether this reflects (i) a sensitivity to explicit modulation of prior knowledge or (ii) a pre-existing tendency to spontaneously use such knowledge in ambiguous contexts. Four experiments were conducted to examine this question in healthy participants listening to ambiguous speech stimuli. In experiments 1a (n = 60) and 1b (n = 60), participants discriminated intelligible and unintelligible sine-wave speech before and after exposure to the original language templates (i.e. a modulation of expectation). No relationship was observed between top-down modulation and two common measures of hallucination-proneness. Experiment 2 (n = 99) confirmed this pattern with a different stimulus-sine-vocoded speech (SVS)-that was designed to minimize ceiling effects in discrimination and more closely model previous top-down effects reported in psychosis. In Experiment 3 (n = 134), participants were exposed to SVS without prior knowledge that it contained speech (i.e. naive listening). AVH-proneness significantly predicted both pre-exposure identification of speech and successful recall for words hidden in SVS, indicating that participants could actually decode the hidden signal spontaneously. Altogether, these findings support a pre-existing tendency to spontaneously draw upon prior knowledge in healthy people prone to AVH, rather than a sensitivity to temporary modulations of expectation. We propose a model of clinical and non-clinical hallucinations, across auditory and visual modalities, with testable predictions for future research.

关键词： predictive coding psychosis speech perception speech-in-noise audition

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Neural substrates for sharing intention in action during face-to-face imitation

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NEUROIMAGE 2021年 233卷 117916-117916页

作者： Miyata, Kohei Koike, Takahiko Nakagawa, Eri Harada, Tokiko Sumiya, Motofumi Yamamoto, Tetsuya Sadato, Norihiro Natl Inst Physiol Sci Div Cerebral Integrat Dept Syst Neurosci 38 Nishigonaka Okazaki Aichi 4448585 Japan

Face-to-face imitation is a unique social interaction wherein a shared action is executed based on the feedback of the partner. Imitation by the partner is the feedback to the imitatee?s action, resulting in sharing actions. The neural mechanisms of the shared representation of action during face-to-face imitation, the core of intersubjectivity, are not well-known. Here, based on the predictive coding account, we hypothesized that the pairspecific forward internal model is the shared representation of action which is represented by the inter-individual synchronization of some portion of the mirror neuron system. Hyperscanning functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted during face-to-face interaction in 16 pairs of participants who completed an immediate imitation task of facial expressions. Paired participants were alternately assigned to either an imitator or an imitatee who was prompted to express a happy, sad, or non-emotional face. While neural activation elicited by imitating and being imitated were distinct with little overlap, on-line imitative interaction enhanced interbrain synchronization in the right inferior parietal lobule that correlated with the similarity in facial movement kinematic profile. This finding indicates a critical role of the right inferior parietal lobule in sharing representation of action as a pair-specific forward internal model through imitative interaction.

关键词： Imitation Hyperscanning fMRI Shared representation of action Internal model predictive coding

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Recurrent dynamics in the cerebral cortex: Integration of sensory evidence with stored knowledge

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2021年第33期118卷 1页

作者： Singer, Wolf Max Planck Gesell Ernst Strungmann Inst Neurosci Cooperat D-60438 Frankfurt Germany Max Planck Inst Brain Res D-60438 Frankfurt Germany Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies D-60438 Frankfurt Germany

Current concepts of sensory processing in the cerebral cortex emphasize serial extraction and recombination of features in hierarchically structured feed-forward networks in order to capture the relations among the components of perceptual objects. These concepts are implemented in convolutional deep learning networks and have been validated by the astounding similarities between the functional properties of artificial systems and their natural counterparts. However, cortical architectures also display an abundance of recurrent coupling within and between the layers of the processing hierarchy. This massive recurrence gives rise to highly complex dynamics whose putative function is poorly understood. Here a concept is proposed that assigns specific functions to the dynamics of cortical networks and combines, in a unifying approach, the respective advantages of recurrent and feed-forward processing. It is proposed that the priors about regularities of the world are stored in the weight distributions of feed-forward and recurrent connections and that the high-dimensional, dynamic space provided by recurrent interactions is exploited for computations. These comprise the ultrafast matching of sensory evidence with the priors covertly represented in the correlation structure of spontaneous activity and the context-dependent grouping of feature constellations characterizing natural objects. The concept posits that information is encoded not only in the discharge frequency of neurons but also in the precise timing relations among the discharges. Results of experiments designed to test the predictions derived from this concept support the hypothesis that cerebral cortex exploits the high-dimensional recurrent dynamics for computations serving predictive coding.

关键词： recurrent networks neuronal dynamics predictive coding rate codes temporal codes

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predictive coding of Integers with Real-Valued Predictions

Predictive Coding of Integers with Real-Valued Predictions

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Data Compression Conference (DCC)

作者： Mortuza Ali Manzur Murshed Gippsland School of Information Technology Monash University Churchill VIC Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781467360371

In this paper, we have extended the Rice-Golomb code so that it can operate at fractional precision to efficiently exploit the real-valued predictions. coding at infinitesimal precision allows the residuals to be modeled with the Lap lace distribution. Unlike the Rice-Golomb code, which maps equally probable opposite-signed residuals to different integers, the proposed coding scheme is symmetric in the sense that, at infinitesimal precision, it assigns code words of equal length to equally probable residual intervals. The symmetry of both the Lap lace distribution and the coding scheme facilitates the analysis of the proposed coding scheme to determine the average code-length and the optimal value of the associated coding parameter.

关键词： Encoding Decoding predictive coding Data compression Educational institutions Entropy Probability distribution

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Multispectral Image Compression Based on HEVC Using Pel-Recursive Inter-Band Prediction 22

Multispectral Image Compression Based on HEVC Using Pel-Recu...

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22nd IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)

作者： Meyer, Anna Genser, Nils Kaup, Andre Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Multimedia Commun & Signal Proc Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728193205

Recent developments in optical sensors enable a wide range of applications for multispectral imaging, e.g., in surveillance, optical sorting, and life-science instrumentation. Increasing spatial and spectral resolution allows creating higher quality products, however, it poses challenges in handling such large amounts of data. Consequently, specialized compression techniques for multispectral images are required. High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC) is known to be the state of the art in efficiency for both video coding and still image coding. In this paper, we propose a cross-spectral compression scheme for efficiently coding multispectral data based on HEVC. Extending intra picture prediction by a novel inter-band predictor, spectral as well as spatial redundancies can be effectively exploited. Dependencies among the current band and further spectral references are considered jointly by adaptive linear regression modeling. The proposed backward prediction scheme does not require additional side information for decoding. We show that our novel approach is able to outperform state-of-the-art lossy compression techniques in terms of rate-distortion performance. On different data sets, average Bjontegaard delta rate savings of 82 % and 55 % compared to HEVC and a reference method from literature are achieved, respectively.

关键词： Multispectral imaging lossy compression predictive coding High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC)

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Believing is seeing: The link between paranormal beliefs and perceiving signal in noise

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CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION 2022年 106卷 103418页

作者： Seymour, Kiley Sterzer, Philipp Soto, Natalie Western Sydney Univ Sch Psychol Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW 2751 Australia MARCS Inst Brain Behav & Dev Sydney NSW Australia Charite Univ Med Berlin Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy Berlin Germany Humboldt Univ Berlin Sch Mind & Brain Berlin Germany Univ Psychiat Clin Basel Basel Switzerland

Research suggests that at the core of paranormal belief formation is a tendency to attribute meaning to ambiguous stimuli. But it is unclear whether this tendency reflects a difference in perceptual sensitivity or a decision bias. Using a two-alternative forced choice task, we tested the relationship between paranormal belief and perceptual sensitivity. Participants were shown two stimuli presented in temporal succession. In one interval an ambiguous Mooney Face (i.e., signal) was presented, in the other interval a scrambled version of the image (i.e., noise) was presented. Participants chose in which of the two intervals the face appeared. Our results revealed that participants with stronger beliefs in paranormal phenomena were less sensitive to discriminating signal from noise. This finding builds on previous research using "yes/no" tasks, but importantly disentangles perceptual sensitivity from response bias and suggests paranormal believers perceive things differently.

关键词： Paranormal beliefs Mooney faces Perceptual sensitivity predictive coding Psychosis

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Flexibility in autism during unpredictable shifts of socio-emotional stimuli: Investigation of group and sex differences

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AUTISM 2022年第7期26卷 1681-1697页

作者： Lacroix, Adeline Dutheil, Frederic Logemann, Alexander Cserjesi, Renata Peyrin, Carole Biro, Brigi Gomot, Marie Mermillod, Martial Univ Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France Univ Savoie Mt Blanc Chambery France Univ Clermont Auvergne Clermont Ferrand France Eotvos Lorand Univ Budapest Hungary Univ Tours Tours France

Considering the mixed nature of reports of flexibility difficulties in autism, we hypothesized that a task that more closely resembles the challenges faced in real life would help to assess these difficulties. Autistic and typically developing adults performed an online Emotional Shifting Task, involving non-explicit unpredictable shifts of complex socio-emotional stimuli, and the Task Switching Task, involving explicit predictable shifts of simple character stimuli. Switch cost (i.e. the difference in performance between Shift and Non Shift conditions) was larger in the autistic group than in the comparison group for the Emotional Shifting Task but not for the Task Switching Task. Females responded faster than males in the Emotional Shifting Task. On the Task Switching Task, typically developing males responded faster than typically developing females, whereas there was a female advantage in the autistic group. Our findings suggest that factors such as predictability, explicitness of the shift rule, stimulus type as well as sex could play a critical role in flexibility difficulties in autism. Lay abstract Flexibility difficulties in autism might be particularly common in complex situations, when shifts (i.e. the switch of attentional resources or strategy according to the situation) are unpredictable, implicit (i.e. not guided by explicit rules) and the stimuli are complex. We analyzed the data of 101 autistic and 145 non-autistic adults, without intellectual deficiency, on two flexibility tasks performed online. The first task involved unpredictable and non-explicit shifts of complex socio-emotional stimuli, whereas the second task involved predictable and explicit shifts of character stimuli. Considering the discrepancies between laboratory results and the real-life flexibility-related challenges faced by autistic individuals, we need to determine which factor could be of particular importance in flexibility difficulties. We point out that the switch cost (i.e. t

关键词： autism flexibility predictive coding sex differences socio-emotional processing

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Using expectation violation models to improve the outcome of psychological treatments

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CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022年 98卷 102212页

作者： Rief, Winfried Sperl, Matthias F. J. Braun-Koch, Kristina Khosrowtaj, Zahra Kirchner, Lukas Schaefer, Leonora Schwarting, Rainer K. W. Teige-Mocigemba, Sarah Panitz, Christian Univ Marburg Dept Psychol Marburg Germany Univ Giessen Dept Psychol Giessen Germany Univ Leipzig Dept Psychol Leipzig Germany Univ Florida Ctr Study Emot & Attent Gainesville FL USA

Expectations are a central maintaining mechanism in mental disorders and most psychological treatments aim to directly or indirectly modify clinically relevant expectations. Therefore, it is crucial to examine why patients with mental disorders maintain dysfunctional expectations, even in light of disconfirming evidence, and how expectation-violating situations should be created in treatment settings to optimize treatment outcome and reduce the risk of treatment failures. The different psychological subdisciplines offer various approaches for understanding the underlying mechanisms of expectation development, persistence, and change. Here, we convey recommendations on how to improve psychological treatments by considering these different perspectives. Based on our expectation violation model, we argue that the outcome of expectation violation depends on several characteristics: features of the expectation-violating situation;the dynamics between the magnitude of expectation violation and cognitive immunization processes;dealing with uncertainties during and after expectation change;controlled and automatic attention processes;and the costs of expectation changes. Personality factors further add to predict outcomes and may offer a basis for personalized treatment planning. We conclude with a list of recommendations derived from basic psychology that could contribute to improved treatment outcome and to reduced risks of treatment failures.

关键词： Expectation Expectation violation predictive coding Anxiety Depression Treatment outcome

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