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Disrupted development and imbalanced function in the global neuronal workspace: a positive-feedback mechanism for the emergence of ASD in early infancy

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COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS 2017年第1期11卷 1-21页

作者： Fields, Chris Glazebrook, James F. 243 West Spain St Sonoma CA 95476 USA Eastern Illinois Univ Dept Math & Comp Sci Charleston IL 61920 USA

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasingly being conceptualized as a spectrum disorder of connectome development. We review evidence suggesting that ASD is characterized by a positive feedback loop that amplifies small functional variations in early-developing sensory-processing pathways into structural and functional imbalances in the global neuronal workspace. Using vision as an example, we discuss how early functional variants in visual processing may be feedback-amplified to produce variant object categories and disrupted top-down expectations, atypically large expectation-to-perception mismatches, problems re-identifying individual people and objects, socially inappropriate, generally aversive emotional responses and disrupted sensory-motor coordination. Viewing ASD in terms of feedback amplification of small functional variants allows a number of recent models of ASD to be integrated with neuroanatomical, neurofunctional and genetic data.

关键词： Categorization Connectome predictive coding Prenatal development Resting-state networks Small-world networks

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Coronavirus: predictive brain and terror management

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ENCEPHALE-REVUE DE PSYCHIATRIE CLINIQUE BIOLOGIQUE ET THERAPEUTIQUE 2020年第3期46卷 S107-S113页

作者： Bottemanne, H. Morlaas, O. Schmidt, L. Fossati, P. Sorbonne Univ Inst Cerveau & Moelle Epiniere ICM Control Interocept Attent Team UMR 7225UMR S 1127CNRS INSERM Paris France Hop La Pitie Salpetriere AP HP Dept Adult Psychiat Paris France

Emerging infectious diseases like Covid-19 cause a major threat to global health. When confronted with new pathogens, individuals generate several beliefs about the epidemic phenomenon. Many studies have shown that individual protective behaviors largely depend on these beliefs. Due to the absence of treatment and vaccine against these emerging pathogens, the relation between these beliefs and these behaviors represents a crucial issue for public health policies. In the premises of the Covid-19 pandemic, several preliminary studies have highlighted a delay in the perception of risk by individuals, which potentially holds back the implementing of the necessary precautionary measures: people underestimated the risks associated with the virus, and therefore also the importance of complying with sanitary guidelines. During the peak of the pandemic, the salience of the threat and of the risk of mortality could then have transformed the way people generate their beliefs. This potentially leads to upheavals in the way they understand the world. Here, we propose to explore the evolution of beliefs and behaviors during the Covid-19 crisis, using the theory of predictive coding and the theory of terror management, two influential frameworks in cognitive science and in social psychology. (C) 2020 L'Encephale, Paris.

关键词： Coronavirus Covid-19 Belief Perceived risk predictive coding Cognitive biases Bayesian brain Terror management theory

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Serial Dependence in Perception

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ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024年第1期75卷 129-154页

作者： Cicchini, Guido Marco Mikellidou, Kyriaki Burr, David Charles Natl Res Council CNR Inst Neurosci Pisa Italy Univ Limassol Dept Management Nicosia Cyprus Univ Florence Dept Neurosci Psychol Drug Res & Child Hlth Florence Italy Univ Cyprus Dept Psychol Nicosia Cyprus Univ Sydney Sch Psychol Sydney NSW Australia

Much evidence has shown that perception is biased towards previously presented similar stimuli, an effect recently termed serial dependence. Serial dependence affects nearly every aspect of perception, often causing gross perceptual distortions, especially for weak and ambiguous stimuli. Despite unwanted side-effects, empirical evidence and Bayesian modeling show that serial dependence acts to improve efficiency and is generally beneficial to the system. Consistent with models of predictive coding, the Bayesian priors of serial dependence are generated at high levels of cortical analysis, incorporating much perceptual experience, but feed back to lower sensory areas. These feedback loops may drive oscillations in the alpha range, linked strongly with serial dependence. The discovery of top-down predictive perceptual processes is not new, but the new, more quantitative approach characterizing serial dependence promises to lead to a deeper understanding of predictive perceptual processes and their underlying neural mechanisms.

关键词： serial dependence perception predictive coding mid-level vision top-down processes neural oscillations

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Enhanced deviant responses in patterned relative to random sound sequences

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CORTEX 2018年 109卷 92-103页

作者： Southwell, Rosy Chait, Maria UCL Ear Inst 332 Grays Inn Rd London WC1X 8EE England

The brain draws on knowledge of statistical structure in the environment to facilitate detection of new events. Understanding the nature of this representation is a key challenge in sensory neuroscience. Specifically, it is unknown whether real-time perception of rapidly-unfolding sensory signals is driven by a coarse or detailed representation of the proximal stimulus history. We recorded electroencephalography brain responses to frequency outliers in regularly-patterned (REG) versus random (RAND) tone-pip sequences which were generated anew on each trial. REG and RAND sequences were matched in frequency content and span, only differing in the specific order of the tone-pips. Stimuli were very rapid, limiting conscious reasoning in favour of automatic processing of regularity. Listeners were naive and performed an incidental visual task. Outliers within REG evoked a larger response than matched outliers in RAND. These effects arose rapidly (within 80 msec) and were underpinned by distinct sources from those classically associated with frequency-based deviance detection. These findings are consistent with the notion that the brain continually maintains a detailed representation of ongoing sensory input and that this representation shapes the processing of incoming information. Predominantly auditory-cortical sources code for frequency deviance whilst frontal sources are associated with tracking more complex sequence structure. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license

关键词： Surprise Prediction error Mismatch negativity predictive coding Orbitofrontal cortex

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The dysconnection hypothesis (2016)

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SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH 2016年第2-3期176卷 83-94页

作者： Friston, Karl Brown, Harriet R. Siemerkus, Jakob Stephan, Klaas E. UCL Wellcome Trust Ctr Neuroimaging Inst Neurol London WC1N 3BG England Univ Oxford Oxford Ctr Human Brain Act Oxford OX1 2JD England Univ Zurich Translat Neuromodeling Unit Inst Biomed Engn CH-8006 Zurich Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland Dept Psychiat Psychotherapy & Psychosomat Zurich Switzerland

Twenty years have passed since the dysconnection hypothesis was first proposed (Friston and Frith, 1995;Weinberger, 1993). In that time, neuroscience has witnessed tremendous advances: we now live in a world of non-invasive neuroanatomy, computational neuroimaging and the Bayesian brain. The genomics era has come and gone. Connectomics and large-scale neuroinformatics initiatives are emerging everywhere. So where is the dysconnection hypothesis now? This article considers how the notion of schizophrenia as a dysconnection syndrome has developed - and how it has been enriched by recent advances in clinical neuroscience. In particular, we examine the dysconnection hypothesis in the context of (i) theoretical neurobiology and computational psychiatry;(ii) the empirical insights afforded by neuroimaging and associated connectomics - and (iii) how bottom-up (molecular biology and genetics) and top-down (systems biology) perspectives are converging on the mechanisms and nature of dysconnections in schizophrenia. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Schizophrenia Dysconnection Neuromodulation Bayesian predictive coding Neurogenetics

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Allostatic-Interoceptive Overload in Frontotemporal Dementia

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BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2022年第1期92卷 54-67页

作者： Birba, Agustina Santamaria-Garcia, Hernando Prado, Pavel Cruzat, Josefina Sainz Ballesteros, Agustin Legaz, Agustina Fittipaldi, Sol Duran-Aniotz, Claudia Slachevsky, Andrea Santibanez, Rodrigo Sigman, Mariano Garcia, Adolfo M. Whelan, Robert Moguilner, Sebastian Ibanez, Agustin Univ Adolfo Ibanez Latin Amer Brain Hlth Inst Sch Psychol Santiago Chile Univ Adolfo Ibanez Ctr Social & Cognit Neurosci Sch Psychol Santiago Chile Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Ctr Gerosci Brain Hlth & Metab Santiago Chile Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Neuropsychol & Clin Neurosci Lab Physiopathol Dept Inst Biomed Sci Santiago Chile Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Neurol Serv Hosp Dr Sotero del Rio Santiago Chile Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile Neurol Dept Santiago Chile Univ Santiago Chile Fac Humanidades Dept Linguist & Literatura Santiago Chile Univ Chile Hosp Salvador Neurol Dept Memory & Neuropsychiat Clin Santiago Chile Univ Chile Fac Med Santiago Chile Univ Desarrollo Dept Med Serv Neurol Clin Alemana Santiago Chile Univ San Andres Natl Sci & Tech Res Council Buenos Aires DF Argentina Univ San Andres Cognit Neurosci Ctr Buenos Aires DF Argentina Univ Torcuato Tella Lab Neurociencia Buenos Aires DF Argentina Pontificia Univ Javeriana Physiol Dept PhD Neurosci Program Bogota Colombia Pontificia Univ Javeriana Psychiat Dept Bogota Colombia Hosp Univ San Ignacio Memory & Cognit Ctr Intellectus Bogota Colombia Univ Calif San Francisco Global Brain Hlth Inst San Francisco CA 94143 USA Trinity Coll Dublin Dublin Ireland Trinity Coll Dublin Trinity Coll Inst Neurosci Dublin Ireland Univ Nebrija Fac Lenguas & Educ Madrid Spain Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Neurol Boston MA 02114 USA Harvard Med Sch Boston MA 02115 USA

BACKGROUND: The predictive coding theory of allostatic-interoceptive load states that brain networks mediating autonomic regulation and interoceptive-exteroceptive balance regulate the internal milieu to anticipate future needs and environmental demands. These functions seem to be distinctly compromised in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), including alterations of the allostatic-interoceptive network (AIN). Here, we hypothesize that bvFTD is typified by an allostatic-interoceptive overload. METHODS: We assessed resting-state heartbeat evoked potential (rsHEP) modulation as well as its behavioral and multimodal neuroimaging correlates in patients with bvFTD relative to healthy control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease (N = 94). We measured 1) resting-state electroencephalography (to assess the rsHEP, prompted by visceral inputs and modulated by internal body sensing), 2) associations between rsHEP and its neural generators (source location), 3) cognitive disturbances (cognitive state, executive functions, facial emotion recognition), 4) brain atrophy, and 5) resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging functional connectivity (AIN vs. control networks). RESULTS: Relative to healthy control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease, patients with bvFTD presented more negative rsHEP amplitudes with sources in critical hubs of the AIN (insula, amygdala, somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex). This exacerbated rsHEP modulation selectively predicted the patients' cognitive profile (including cognitive decline, executive dysfunction, and emotional impairments). In addition, increased rsHEP modulation in bvFTD was associated with decreased brain volume and connectivity of the AIN. Machine learning results confirmed AIN specificity in predicting the bvFTD group. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these results suggest that bvFTD may be characterized by an allostatic-interoceptive overload manifested in ongoing electroph

关键词： Allostasis Allostatic-interoceptive network Frontotemporal dementia HEP Interoception Multimodal imaging predictive coding rsHEP

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Active inference and the anatomy of oculomotion

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NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA 2018年第0期111卷 334-343页

作者： Parr, Thomas Friston, Karl J. UCL Inst Neurol Wellcome Trust Ctr Neuroimaging 12 Queen Sq London WC1N 3BG England

Given that eye movement control can be framed as an inferential process, how are the requisite forces generated to produce anticipated or desired fixation? Starting from a generative model based on simple Newtonian equations of motion, we derive a variational solution to this problem and illustrate the plausibility of its implementation in the oculomotor brainstem. We show, through simulation, that the Bayesian filtering equations that implement 'planning as inference' can generate both saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements. Crucially, the associated message passing maps well onto the known connectivity and neuroanatomy of the brainstem and the changes in these messages over time are strikingly similar to single unit recordings of neurons in the corresponding nuclei. Furthermore, we show that simulated lesions to axonal pathways reproduce eye movement patterns of neurological patients with damage to these tracts.

关键词： Free energy Saccades Oculomotor Brainstem predictive coding Active inference

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ARCHITECTURES FOR VLSI IMPLEMENTATION OF MOVEMENT-COMPENSATED VIDEO PROCESSORS

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 1986年第1期21卷 140-149页

作者： FORTIER, M SABRI, SA BAHGAT, O BELL NO RES ILE DES SOEURS H3E 1H6QUEBECCANADA

Architecture elements suitable for VLSI implementation and real-time operation in movement-compensated video (MCV) processors are presented. The algorithm used in the video processor is based on motion estimation and compensation techniques. An overview of the algorithm is given with emphasis placed on one of the key functions used in the prediction, the two-dimensional interpolator. A VLSI implementation is presented which incorporates design techniques of pipelining, parallelism, and module replication. Furthermore, it is shown that modifications to the algorithm can be made based on the use of a high degree of parallelism yielding an efficient structure which relieves constraints for high-speed execution. The operations then rely on a simpler one-dimensional interpolator to form one of the building blocks of the two-dimensional interpolator. It is indicated that the parallel structure which is formed with these building blocks can be implemented on two circuits and that it can operate at speeds meeting real-time requirements.

关键词： Very large scale integration Interpolation Motion estimation Pipeline processing Circuits TV Videoconference Business Neutron spin echo predictive coding

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Auditory N100 gating in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic meta-analysis

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CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2018年第10期129卷 2099-2111页

作者： Rosburg, Timm Univ Psychiat Clin Basel Dept Forens Psychiat Wilhelm Klein Str 27 CH-4002 Basel Switzerland

Objective: The study sought to assess the presence of auditory N100 gating deficits in patients with schizophrenia by meta-analysis. Methods: Literature was screened for studies on patients with schizophrenia that used the paired-click paradigm and reported N100 data. Both electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic studies were considered. N100 gating measures as well as the N100 amplitudes to the initial and repeated stimulus were extracted and subjected to a meta-analysis. Results: The literature research revealed 29 studies, reporting either N100 gating or N100 amplitude measures in paired-click experiments. Patients with schizophrenia exhibited less N100 gating than healthy controls across studies (mean g = -0.405, SE = 0.051). However, what appeared as a gating deficit in patients was due to reduced N100 amplitudes to the initial stimulus in this group (mean g = 0.610, SE = 0.075). Patients and controls did not differ in their N100 amplitudes to the repeated stimulus (mean g = 0.042, SE = 0.066). Conclusion: There is no evidence for an auditory N100 gating deficit in schizophrenia, but for an impaired N100 response recovery. Significance: Previous findings on impaired N100 gating in schizophrenia patients reflect deficient processing of auditory salience rather than defective inhibition of repeating redundant auditory stimulation. (C) 2018 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Schizophrenia Auditory evoked potentials Sensory gating Review Repetition suppression predictive coding

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Phantom perception as a Bayesian inference problem: a pilot study

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2024年第6期131卷 1311-1327页

作者： Yasoda-Mohan, Anusha Chen, Feifan Se, Colum O. Allard, Remy Ost, Jan Vanneste, Sven Trinity Coll Dublin Global Brain Hlth Inst Dublin Ireland Trinity Coll Dublin Trinity Coll Inst Neurosci Sch Psychol Lab Clin & Integrat Neurosci Dublin Ireland Univ Montreal Sch Optometry Montreal PQ Canada Brain Res Ctr Adv Int Innovat & Interdisciplinary Ghent Belgium

Tinnitus is the perception of a continuous sound in the absence of an external source. Although the role of the auditory system is well investigated, there is a gap in how multisensory signals are integrated to produce a single percept in tinnitus. Here, we train participants to learn a new sensory environment by associating a cue with a target signal that varies in perceptual threshold. In the test phase, we present only the cue to see whether the person perceives an illusion of the target signal. We perform two separate experiments to observe the behavioral and electrophysiological responses to the learning and test phases in 1) healthy young adults and 2) people with continuous subjective tinnitus and matched control subjects. We observed that in both parts of the study the percentage of false alarms was negatively correlated with the 75% detection threshold. Additionally, the perception of an illusion goes together with increased evoked response potential in frontal regions of the brain. Furthermore, in patients with tinnitus, we observe no significant difference in behavioral or evoked response in the auditory paradigm, whereas patients with tinnitus were more likely to report false alarms along with increased evoked activity during the learning and test phases in the visual paradigm. This emphasizes the importance of integrity of sensory pathways in multisensory integration and how this process may be disrupted in people with tinnitus. Furthermore, the present study also presents preliminary data supporting evidence that tinnitus patients may be building stronger perceptual models, which needs future studies with a larger population to provide concrete evidence on.

关键词： audio-visual perception multisensory integration predictive coding strong priors tinnitus

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