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The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization

SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE 2017年第1期12卷 1-23页

作者： Barrett, Lisa Feldman Northeastern Univ Dept Psychol Boston MA 02115 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging Charlestown MA USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Psychiat Neuroimaging Div Dept Psychiat Charlestown MA USA Harvard Med Sch Charlestown MA USA

The science of emotion has been using folk psychology categories derived from philosophy to search for the brain basis of emotion. The last two decades of neuroscience research have brought us to the brink of a paradigm shift in understanding the workings of the brain, however, setting the stage to revolutionize our understanding of what emotions are and how they work. In this article, we begin with the structure and function of the brain, and from there deduce what the biological basis of emotions might be. The answer is a brain-based, computational account called the theory of constructed emotion.

关键词： emotion predictive coding construction interoception categorization concepts affect

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ADAPTIVE PREDICTION DIFFERENTIAL PCM coding FOR TELEVISION - PICTURE QUALITY, DATA RATE REDUCTION AND SENSITIVITY TO TRANSMISSION ERRORS

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ANNALES DES TELECOMMUNICATIONS-ANNALS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS 1982年第7-8期37卷 299-324页

作者： KRETZ, F CCETT/Laboratoires du CNET 35013 Rennes 1266 Cedex BP France

AnalyseCet article est consacré à l’étude des algorithmes de codage d’images de télévision du type MICdifférentiel à prédiction adaptative. L’adaptativité peut jouer sur... 详细信息

Analyse Cet article est consacré à l’étude des algorithmes de codage d’images de télévision du type MICdifférentiel à prédiction adaptative. L’adaptativité peut jouer sur le prédicteur et aussi sur le quantificateur. L’auteur pose le problème et rappelle les propriétés de la source (structure des images) qui serviront de base à l’adaptativité du prédicteur. Divers algorithmes de prédiction adaptative sont décrits et certaines de leurs caractéristiques telles que l’efficacité en réduction de la dynamique de l’erreur de prédiction et la susceptibilité aux erreurs de transmission sont comparées. Une annexe traite de l’optimalisation d’un prédicteur fixe selon deux types de critère.

关键词： Picture coding Transient picture predictive coding Adaptive coding Differential PCM Picture quality Data compression Transmission error Adaptive algorithm Edge

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Raised visual contrast thresholds with intact attention and metacognition in functional motor disorder

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CORTEX 2020年第0期125卷 161-174页

作者： Matthews, Julian Nagao, Kanae Ding, Catherine Newby, Rachel Kempster, Peter Hohwy, Jakob Monash Univ Cognit & Philosophy Lab Clayton Vic Australia Monash Med Ctr Neurosci Dept Clayton Vic Australia Monash Univ Sch Clin Sci Dept Med Clayton Vic Australia

Functional motor disorders (FMDs) are distinguished by signs that lack congruence with recognised patterns of organic disease and show inconsistency over time. Their pathophysiology is poorly understood, but there is evidence that irregularities in perceptual and cognitive processing lie at the heart of these conditions. Here, we draw on a predictive coding account of functional neurological disorders to study perceptual decision-making in three groups: 20 patients with FMDs (14 with functional movements and 6 with functional weakness), 20 with phenotypically-matched organic motor disorders, and 20 age-matched healthy controls. We examine four cognitive domains with putative roles in FMD pathogenesis: attention, expectations, sensory processing (perceptual sensitivity), and metacognition (introspective evaluation of performance). We augmented a dual-task paradigm, manipulating the visual contrast required for target detection to examine these domains in one design. With sensory input (stimulus contrast) psychometrically adjusted to staircase target detection at a fixed level for all groups, the FMD group exhibited statistically equivalent attentional, expectational and metacognitive processing to healthy controls. However, we demonstrate Bayesian evidence and a frequentist trend that FMD patients require higher visual contrast than controls to maintain the same detection sensitivity (BF10 = 8.1, p(hoim) = .066). This was statistically equivalent to the visual contrast required by the organic group, and unlikely to be accounted for by medication use or comorbid psychopathology. The organic group showed differences in processing of attention and expectations for target detection that were not observed in either healthy controls or the functional group. The distinctive behavioural profile of FMDs may arise from abnormalities in basic sensory processing, while higher attentional, expectational and metacognitive mechanisms remain intact. Conceptualising functional neurol

关键词： Functional motor disorders predictive coding Attention Metacognition Perception

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Hierarchy of prediction errors for auditory events in human temporal and frontal cortex

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2016年第24期113卷 6755-6760页

作者： Duerschmid, Stefan Edwards, Erik Reichert, Christoph Dewar, Callum Hinrichs, Hermann Heinze, Hans-Jochen Kirsch, Heidi E. Dalal, Sarang S. Deouell, Leon Y. Knight, Robert T. Leibniz Inst Neurobiol Dept Behav Neurol D-39120 Magdeburg Germany Otto Von Guericke Univ Dept Neurol D-39120 Magdeburg Germany Univ Calif Berkeley Helen Wills Neurosci Inst Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Psychol Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Neurol San Francisco CA 94143 USA Otto Von Guericke Univ Forsch Campus Stimulate D-39106 Magdeburg Germany German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis D-39120 Magdeburg Germany Otto Von Guericke Univ Ctr Behav Brain Sci D-39106 Magdeburg Germany Univ Konstanz Zukunftskolleg D-78457 Constance Germany Univ Konstanz Dept Psychol D-78457 Constance Germany Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Dept Psychol IL-91905 Jerusalem Israel Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Edmond & Lily Safra Ctr Brain Sci IL-91904 Jerusalem Israel

predictive coding theories posit that neural networks learn statistical regularities in the environment for comparison with actual outcomes, signaling a prediction error (PE) when sensory deviation occurs. PE studies in audition have capitalized on low-frequency event-related potentials (LF-ERPs), such as the mismatch negativity. However, local cortical activity is well-indexed by higher-frequency bands [high-gamma band (H.): 80-150 Hz]. We compared patterns of human H. and LF-ERPs in deviance detection using electrocorticographic recordings from subdural electrodes over frontal and temporal cortices. Patients listened to trains of task-irrelevant tones in two conditions differing in the predictability of a deviation from repetitive background stimuli (fully predictable vs. unpredictable deviants). We found deviance-related responses in both frequency bands over lateral temporal and inferior frontal cortex, with an earlier latency for H. than for LF-ERPs. Critically, frontal H. activity but not LF-ERPs discriminated between fully predictable and unpredictable changes, with frontal cortex sensitive to unpredictable events. The results highlight the role of frontal cortex and H. activity in deviance detection and PE generation.

关键词： predictive coding prediction error mismatch negativity frontal cortex high gamma-activity

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Hierarchical disruption in the Bayesian brain: Focal epilepsy and brain networks

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NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017年 15卷 682-688页

作者： Omidvarnia, Amir Pedersen, Mangor Rosch, Richard E. Friston, Karl J. Jackson, Graeme D. Florey Inst Neurosci & Mental Hlth Austin Campus Heidelberg Vic Australia Univ Melbourne Austin Campus Heidelberg Vic Australia UCL Inst Neurol Wellcome Trust Ctr Neuroimaging London England Austin Hlth Dept Neurol Heidelberg Vic Australia

In this opinion paper, we describe a combined view of functional and effective brain connectivity along with the free-energy principle for investigating persistent disruptions in brain networks of patients with focal epilepsy. These changes are likely reflected in effective connectivity along the cortical hierarchy and construct the basis of increased local functional connectivity in focal epilepsy. We propose a testable framework based on dynamic causal modelling and functional connectivity analysis with the capacity of explaining commonly observed connectivity changes during interictal periods. We then hypothesise their possible relation with disrupted freeenergy minimisation in the Bayesian brain. This may offer a new approach for neuroimaging to specifically develop and address hypotheses regarding the network pathomechanisms underlying epileptic phenotypes.

关键词： Focal epilepsy Free-energy principle Functional connectivity Effective connectivity Bayesian inference predictive coding

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A cell assembly based model for the cortical microcircuitry

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NEUROCOMPUTING 2007年第10-12期70卷 1838-1842页

作者： Knoblauch, Andreas Kupper, Ruediger Gewaltig, Marc-Oliver Koerner, Ursula Koerner, Edgar [a]Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH Carl-Legien-Str.30 D-63073 Offenbach/Main Germany

This work presents first simulation results substantiating a previously proposed conceptual model of computation in neocortical architecture [E. Korner, M.-O. Gewaltig, U. Korner, A. Richter, T. Rodemann, A model of computation in neocortical architecture, Neural Networks 12 (1999) 989-1005]. This model gives a detailed functional interpretation of the six-layered columnar cortical architecture and related subcortical structures. It hypothesizes three interacting processing systems at each stage of the cortical hierarchy: The A-system (middle cortical layers) accomplishes fast bottom-up processing where the first spike wave traveling up the cortical hierarchy can activate a coarse initial hypothesis at each level. In the B-system (superficial layers) the initial hypothesis is refined by slower iterative processes involving feedback. Finally, the C-system. (deep layers) represents the local hypothesis of a macrocolumn which is fed back to the B-system of a lower level inducing expectations and predictions for the present and future input signals. These ideas are illustrated by an example implementation of the microcircuitry in a single cortical macrocolumn based on cell assemblies and associative memories. In a second step we have integrated our model at the level of V4 into a large scale implementation of the visual system involving several primary and higher visual cortical areas as well as parts of the hippocampal formation, and subcortical structures involved in generating eye saccades. With this model we can demonstrate object classification and the learning of new object representations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： cortical control architecture columns cortical learning associative memory visual system predictive coding

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UNCOVERED BACKGROUND PREDICTION IN INTERFRAME coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 1985年第11期33卷 1227-1231页

作者： MUKAWA, N KURODA, H NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TEL PUBL CORP YOKOSUKA ELECT COMMUN LABS YOKOSUKA KANAGAWA 23803 JAPAN

Various interframe coding methods have been devised to reduce the cost of television signal transmission. Some degradation still remains, however, because prediction efficiency is lowered in uncovered background areas which appear behind moving objects. This paper proposes an uncovered background predictive coding algorithm, which increases prediction efficiency. Prediction efficiency is evaluated by using a simple signal model and real television signals. Experimental results show that the information generation rate is reduced to 78 percent as compared to that of previous frame predictive coding when the displacement is 10 pels/frame.

关键词： predictive coding TV Signal generators Layout Degradation Prediction methods predictive models Teleconferencing Signal processing algorithms Laboratories

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PRELIMINARY-STUDY ON INFORMATION LOSSY AND LOSS-LESS coding DATA-COMPRESSION FOR THE ARCHIVING OF ADEOS DATA

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING 1990年第4期28卷 732-734页

作者： ARAI, K NATL SPACE DEV AGCY JAPAN CTR EARTH OBSERVATHATOYAMASAITAMAJAPAN

Some experiments have been conducted to investigate data compression of earth observation satellite data, particularly imaging sensor data. Two types of data compression algorithms, information lossless and information lossy, have been attempted. Compression ra tios were 2.24 and 224, respectively, for the panchromatic band data from SPOT/HRV of Tokyo, Japan. © 1990 IEEE

关键词： Data compression Image coding predictive coding Satellite ground stations Artificial satellites Instruments Sensor arrays Optical recording Infrared sensors Optical sensors

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AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS OF SPEECH SIGNALS USING FERMAT NUMBER TRANSFORM (FNT)

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 1992年第8期40卷 1910-1914页

作者： XU, SL DAI, LY LEE, SC UNIV OKLAHOMA SCH ELECT ENGNNORMANOK 73019

Linear predictive coding (LPC) computes predictive parameters using autocorrelation coefficients. Due to the demand of a large amount of computation time, the method has significantly reduced its value in real-time applications. This paper describes a new method for speedy computation of the autocorrelation coefficients using Fermat number transform (FNT). It is found that there exists a fast computational algorithm for FNT which has a computational structure similar to the fast Fourier transform's (FFT). Since the fast Fermat number transformation (FFNT) and FFT have similar computational structures, we may adopt readily available FFT VLSI hardware structure for real-time implementation of the FFNT. A verification of the FFNT on an MC 68000 single-board computer has been performed and the result was quite satisfactory.

关键词： Speech analysis Autocorrelation Signal analysis Equations Linear predictive coding Hardware Convolution Algorithm design and analysis predictive coding Very large scale integration

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THE CROSS-SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR MOTION ESTIMATION

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 1990年第7期38卷 950-953页

作者： GHANBARI, M Department of Electronic Systems Engineering University of Essex Colchester UK

A fast block-matching algorithm for motion estimation is presented. It is based on a logarithmic step where, in each search step, only four locations are tested. For a motion displacement of w pels/frame, this technique requires 5+4 log/sub 2/w computations to locate the best match. Using sequences of CIF standard pictures, the interframe motion compensated prediction error with this technique is compared to the other fast methods. The computational complexity of this algorithm is also compared against those methods.< >

关键词： Motion estimation Image coding predictive coding Search methods Computational complexity Layout Motion compensation Distortion measurement Testing Redundancy

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